KENPAVE Main Screen

LAYERINP Main Screen

(1) This is the Main Menu of LAYERINP for creating and editing data file. This menu appears when the LAYERINP button on the Main Screen of KENPAVE is clicked. The data is divided into groups and can be found by clicking the appropriate menu. Always start from the left menu to the right because data entered in the left menu may affect the type of form to be used in the right menu. When you finish reading this page, you can use the scrollbar or the PgDn key to read down the page. (2) Below each menu is a label showing 'input' in red or 'default' in blue. The red label indicates that you must click the menu to supply some of the data, while the blue label implies that the default values have been provided so, if you want to use the defaults, there is no need to click the menu. Of course, you can always click the menu to see what the defaults are and make the necessary changes, if desired. Note that some color codes are changed from blue to red, and vice versa, if the corresponding input parameters in General Information are changed. (3) For a longer description of each menu, you can point the arrow to the corresponding label below the menu. Except for the 'file' label, you can also click the label, instead of the menu, to obtain the data entry form. (4) Below the menus and labels are the following buttons: Data Set: Data Set 1 is active automatically. Click Data Set 2 to 5 if there are 2 to 5 sets of data. If a data set indicates 'No' in blue, you should not click it unless you want to create a new data set. Save: Click 'Save' for an old file with no change of filename. Save As: Click 'Save As' to rename the new 'Untitled' file or change the name of an old file. Exit: Click 'Exit' after the file has been saved by clicking 'Save' or 'Save As'. Below the five data set buttons are labels with 'Yes' in red and 'No' in blue. The red yes label indicates that the data set exists or must be provided by the user, while the blue no label indicates that no data set exits. For a new file, the label under Data Sets 2 to 5 are always No in blue. If these Data Set buttons are clicked, it will be changed to Yes in red and all the data in Data Set 1 will be copied into these new sets. For an existing file, the label under data sets 2 to 5 may be blue or red depending on NPROB specified in the data file. If a blue Data Set is clicked, it will be changed to Yes in red and all the data in Data Set 1 will be copied into this new Data Set. The reason for copying from Data Set 1 is to avoid the repeated input of data for each data set because these sets must be related, otherwise they would not be run at the same time. For example, to find the effect of pavement thickness, several data sets can be run at the same time, each with a different thickness while all other data remain the same. (5) The number of problems to be solved depends on the number of data sets. The maximum number of data sets is limited to 5. For a new file, always proceed from data set 1 to data set 5 by clicking the option button. The active data set is indicated by a black dot in the option button. The number of problems (NPROB) or data sets is governed by the highest data set number. For example, once Data Set 5 is clicked, NPROB will be 5 and cannot be reduced to any other number unless the NPROB in the data file is changed. This can be accomplished by saving the file, exiting from LAYERINP, and using the 'EDITOR' to change NPROB. (6) After entering the 'General' menu and changing some of the defaults, some labels with blue 'default' may change to red 'input', indicating that you are not using the defaults and these menus

must be entered. For example, the default for NDAMA is 0 for no damage analysis. If you change NDAMA to 1 in the 'General' menu, the label under the 'Damage' menu will change automatically from blue 'default' to red 'input', indicating that you must enter the 'Damage' menu. These reminders are very helpful when you are creating a new file. When editing an old file, some red 'input' may change to blue 'default' indicating that no input is required. (7) After completing the data entry for a given menu, the 'input' on the label will be changed to 'done'. Attention to this change during the creation of a new file will help avoid the missing of necessary data. If a form has an auxiliary screen, as indicated by the red letters 'Double click ........' on top of the screen, it is necessary to enter the auxiliary form in order for 'done' to appear. If the original 'input' or 'default' still remains, missing the auxiliary form is indicated. (8) Click the 'Save' or 'Save As' button before exit. The former is to save the file with no change of name, while the latter is to save the file in a different name. When 'Save As' is clicked, a dialog box with a default filename will appear. You can override the default by typing in the new filename, which will show automatically on the Main Screen of KENPAVE and be used directly to run KENLAYER. After clicking 'Save', a message box showing the filename to be saved will appear. (9) Click the 'Exit' button after you have completed and saved the data file. If you forget to save the file before exit, a message 'You have not saved the file. Do you want to save the file?' will be shown. If you want to save the file, click 'yes' and the file will be saved. If you click 'No', the file is not saved and the edited portion is abandoned. If you want to make some more changes and don't want to exit, click 'Cancel'. (10) If you forget to enter a menu, a diagnostic message will appear when you click the 'Save', 'Save As' or 'Exit' button. Simply click the missing menu indicated and fill in the data needed. This diagnosis only applies to the missing data in data set 1. If the same mistake occurs in other data set, you should click the other Data Set button and make the same correction. LAYERINP File Screen (1) To set up a new data file click 'File' and 'New' and the filename 'Untitled' will appear on the label beneath 'File'. You can now proceed to input the necessary data. (2) To edit an existing file click 'File' and 'Open' and a dialog box showing a list of data files will appear. The filename on the Main Screen is shown as default. If this default file is the one you want to edit, click the 'Open' button. If you want to use a different file to edit, click the filename in the list and then Open. After the file is opened, the 'Input' on the label will be changed to this file name, indicating that the file has been entered. This filename will also appear in the Filename box on the Main Screen. Consequently, for an existing file you can ignore the name in the Filename box on the Main Screen and click the 'File' and 'Old' buttons to select the file you want. In fact, it is much easier to find the filename in the Open Dialog box than in the Filename dropdown list box on the Main Screen because the files that have been used most recently are listed first in the dialog box.

LAYERINP General Screen

(1) This form appears when the 'General' menu on the Main Menu of LAYERINP is clicked. You can override any of the default values by typing in a new value. You can use the Tab key to move the cursor from one textbox to the next or just click on the textbox before typing. The use of click has the advantage that you don't have to delete the default before typing in the data you want. If you want to read the entire text, you can click this textbox to make it active and then use the PgDn key. (2) When creating a new file, this form must be entered first because some default values to be used in the other forms vary with the system of units, so they are generated after NUNIT is specified and this form activated. The default values are generated only once, i.e. when you enter this screen for the first time. If you enter this screen the second time, the original data still remain and will not be changed back to the default values. (3) TITLE (title of run): Any title or comment can be typed on one line. The title should not be longer than 68 characters including spaces. If you make a mistake, use the Del key to erase any typographical errors. When the total length reaches 68, no additional characters can be added. No comma should be used in TITLE. Use colon or semicolon instead. (4) MATL (types of material): 1 when all layers are linear elastic, 2 when some layers are nonlinear elastic and the remaining, if any, are linear elastic, 3 when some layers are viscoelastic and the remaining, if any, are linear elastic, 4 when some layers are nonlinear elastic, some are viscoelastic, and the remaining, if any, are linear elastic. (5) NDAMA (damage analysis): 0 no damage analysis, 1 damage analysis with summary printout, and 2 damage analysis with more detailed printout. When a large number of periods or

load groups are used, the use of 2 may result in a large volume of printout and is therefore not recommended. (6) NPY (number of periods per year): Each year can be divided into a maximum of 12 periods for damage analysis. Even without damage analysis, NPY can be used to find the effect of layer moduli on pavement responses by assigning different moduli for each period. (7) NLG (number of load groups): Axle loads can be divided into a maximum of 12 groups for damage analysis, each with different wheel loads and configuration. NLG should not be confused with NLOAD which specifies the number of wheels for each load group. (8) DEL (tolerance for numerical integration): A default of 0.001 implies an accuracy of 0.1%. (9) NL (number of layers, maximum 19): The default NL is 3 which you probably would like to change, as indicated in red. (10) NZ (number of vertical coordinates at which responses are to be computed): When NDAMA = 1 or 2, NZ can be left 0 because it will be determined by the program based on the number of locations at which damage analysis are to be made. (11) ICL (Maximum number of integration cycles, 80 suggested): The actual number of cycles, as shown on the computer screen during execution should be smaller than ICL. Otherwise, the results have not converged to the desired tolerance of DEL. (12) NSTD (number of stresses, strains and displacement): 1 for vertical displacements only, 5 for vertical displacements and four stresses, and 9 for vertical displacement, four stresses and four strains. For multiple wheel loads, the horizontal principal tensile strain is also shown. When damage analysis is performed, NSTD must be assigned 9. (13) NBOND (types of interface between two layers): 1 when all layer interfaces are bonded, as is usually the case, and 2 when some interfaces are unbonded or frictionless. (14) NLBT (number of layers with damage analysis based on the tensile strain at the bottom of asphalt layer). In most cases, NLBT =1. If NLBT is more than 1, damage ratios at NLBT locations will be compared and the maximum ratio determined. (15) NLTC (number of layers with damage analysis based on the vertical compressive strain at the top of subgrade or other unbonded layers). In most cases, NLTC =1. If NLTC is more than 1, damage ratios at NLTC locations will be compared and the maximum ratio determined. (16) NUNIT (system of units): 1 for SI units and 0 for English units. (17) Upon completion, click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP.

LAYERINP Zcoord Screen

(1) This form appears when the 'Zcoord' menu on the Main Menu of LAYERINP is clicked. The number of Z coordinates on this form is equal to NZ, as specified in the 'General' menu. This form is different from the one used for General Information in that a dotted rectangle, instead of the cursor, is used to indicate the active cell. If the dotted rectangle is not the location for input, you can use the arrow key to move the dotted rectangle to the cell you want to input, or more conveniently by clicking the cell you want. To read this textbox by the PgDn key, you have to to click anywhere in the box to make it active. After you type in the data, the dotted rectangle will be changed into a three dimensional box and you must press the Enter key to make it effective. You can also use the up and down arrow keys to make the entry effective. (2) ZC (vertical distance, or z coordinate, of each response point): When the point is located exactly at the interface between two layers, the results are at the bottom of upper layer. If the results at the top of lower layer are desired, a slightly larger z coordinate, say 0.0001 larger, should be used. (3) After typing in the data in the first cell, move to the next cell by pressing the Enter or arrow down key. (4) You can delete a line, or one coordinate point, by first clicking anywhere on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NZ in the 'General' menu will be reduced automatically by 1. (5) You can add a new line, or one coordinate point, above any given line by first clicking the cell in the given line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for

you to enter the necessary data. The NZ in the 'General' menu will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NZ in the 'General' menu by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (6) Upon completion, click the 'OK' button to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. LAYERINP Layer Screen

(1) This form appears when the 'Layer' menu on the Main Menu of LAYERINP is clicked. The number of layers on this form is equal to NL, as specified in the 'General' menu. This form is different from the one used for General Information in that a dotted rectangle, instead of the cursor, is used to indicate the active cell. If you want to read the remaining text and use the PgDn key, instead of the scrollbar, you should click this textbox to make it active. When you finish reading, you should click the cell to make it active before typing in the data. After you type in the data, the dotted rectangle will be changed into a three dimensional box and you must press the Enter key to make it effective. You can also use the up and down arrow keys to make the entry effective. (2) TH (thickness of each layer): The last layer is infinite in thickness and need not be inputted. (3) PR (Poisson's ratio of each layer): Suggested values are 0.35 for HMA and granular materials and 0.45 for fine-grained soils.

(4) GAM (unit weight of each layer): Suggested values are 145 pcf (22.8 kN/m^3) for HMA, 135 pcf (21.2 kN/m^3) for granular materials, and 125 pcf (19.6 kN/m^3) for soil. This column disappears when MATL = 1 or 3. (5) After typing the data in a cell, be sure to press the Enter or up or down arrow key to make it effective. (6) You can delete a line, or one of the layers, by first clicking anywhere on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NL in the 'General' menu will be reduced automatically by 1. (7) You can add a new line, or one more layer, above any given line by first clicking the cell in the given line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for you to enter the necessary data. The NL in the 'General' menu will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NL in the 'General' menu by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (8) After completing this form, click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. LAYERINP Moduli Screen

(1) This form appears when the 'Moduli' menu on the Main Menu of LAYERINP is clicked. The number of periods on this form is equal to NPY, as specified in the 'General' menu. The 12 buttons on the form indicates that a maximum of 12 periods may be used. However, only the periods being actually specified are marked with the period number on the button.

(2) Below the period button is a label showing 'input' in red, indicating that there are no defaults and you must enter the elastic modulus for each layer. After the data are entered, the letter 'input' will be changed to 'done'. (3) Now you can click the 'Period1' button to enter the data. After the data for all periods are entered, as indicated by 'done' under each period button, click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. LAYERINP Period1 Screen

(1) This form appears when the period button on the Layer Modulus of Each Period is clicked. The number of layers on this form is equal to NL, as specified in the 'General' menu. (2) E (elastic modulus of each layer): If more convenient, you can enter the modulus in exponential form such as 1.234E5. Assign 0 or any value for viscoelastic layer. For a nonlinear layer, E is the assumed modulus for the first iteration and a convenient E to be assumed for both granular base and clayey subgrade is their K1 value (3) After typing in the data in the first cell, move to the next cell by pressing the Enter or arrow down key. (4) You can delete a line, or one layer, by first clicking anywhere on the line to make it active and then pressing the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NL in the 'General' menu will be reduced automatically by 1.

(5) You can add a new line, or one more layer, above any given line by first clicking the cell in the given line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for you to enter the necessary data. The NL in the 'General' menu will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NL in the 'General' menu by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (6) Upon completion, click the 'OK' button to return to the Layer Modulus of Each Period. LAYERINP Load Screen

(1) This form appears when the 'Load' menu on the Main Menu of LAYERINP is clicked. The number of lines, or load groups, is equal to NLG, as specified in the 'General' menu. Please refer to Figure 3.8 for axle arrangements. (2) LOAD (type of loading): Assign 0 for single axle with single tire, 1 for single axle with dual tires, 2 for tandem axles, and 3 for tridem axles. (3) CR (contact radius of circular loaded areas). (4) CP (contact pressure on circular loaded areas). (5) YW (center to center spacing between two dual wheels along the y axis): Assign 0 if there is only one wheel or LOAD = 0.

(6) XW (center to center spacing between two axles along the x axis): Assign 0 if only one axle exists, i.e. LOAD = 0 or 1. (7) NR (number of radial coordinates to be analyzed under a single wheel, maximum 25): A single wheel with LOAD = 0 is a case of axisymmetry so the location of response points is expressed in terms of radial coordinates. This column must be entered and cannot be left blank. (8) NPT (number of points in x and y coordinates to be analyzed under multiple wheels, maximum 25): If LOAD > 0, the location of response points are expressed in terms of Cartesian coordinates x and y. This column must be entered and cannot be left blank. (9) After typing the data into a cell, press the Enter key to move to the next cell. If the cell has a default value and you don't want to override it, use the arrow key to move to the next cell. (10) You can delete any line by first clicking any cell on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NLG in the 'General' menu will be reduced automatically by 1. (11) You can add a new line above any given line by first clicking any cell on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for you to enter the data. The NLG in the 'General' menu will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NLG in the 'General' menu by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (12) you can enter the auxiliary form of a given line without retyping the data for NR or NPT by double clicking that line. Instead of double clicking, you can also enter the auxiliary form by pressing the <Esc> key, but be sure to move the dotted rectangle to the line before pressing the <Esc> key. (13) Because of the existence of an auxiliary form, it is necessary to fill out the form line by line from top to bottom by pressing the Enter key. Do not use the arrow key to move to the next row because, without using the Enter key, these entries are not saved when the auxiliary form is entered. Arrow key can be used only when there is no auxiliary form. (14) After completing this form and all the necessary auxiliary forms, click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP.

LAYERINP Auxiliary Form for Radial Coordinates

(1) This auxiliary form appears automatically when NR of a given load is typed on the main form. If NR was specified previously, you can also enter this form by double clicking the main form anywhere on the given load group, instead of retyping NR, to enter this auxiliary form. (2) RC (radial distances, or R coordinates, of points to be analyzed). (3) After typing the data in a cell, be sure to press the Enter or down arrow key. (4) You can delete a line, or one of the points, by first clicking anywhere on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NR in the main form will be reduced automatically by 1. (5) You can add a new line, or one more point, above any given line by first clicking the cell in the given line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for you to enter the necessary data. The NR in the main form will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NR in the main form by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (6) After completing this form, click 'OK' to return to the main form.

LAYERINP Auxiliary Form for Cartesian Coordinates

(1) This auxiliary form appears automatically when NPT of a given load is typed on the main form. If NPT was specified previously, you can also enter this form by double clicking the main form anywhere on the given load group, instead of retyping NPT, to enter this auxiliary form. (2) XPT (x coordinates of points to be analyzed). (3) YPT (y coordinates of points to be analyzed). (4) After typing the data in a cell, be sure to press the Enter key to make it effective. (5) You can delete a line, or one of the points, by first clicking anywhere on the line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Del> keys. The NPT in the main form will be reduced automatically by 1. (6) You can add a new line, or one more point, above any given line by first clicking the cell in the given line to make it active and then press the <Ctrl>-<Ins>. A blank line will appear for you to enter the necessary data. The NPT in the main form will increase automatically by 1. If you want to add a line after the last line, you can change NPT in the main form by adding 1 and a blank line will appear as the last line. Remember that always use the <Ctrl>-<Ins> keys to add a line unless the line to be added is the last line. By so doing, you don't have to retype any of the existing lines. (7) After completing this form, click 'OK' to return to the main form.