Adobe Photoshop CS2 Part 1: Introduction to Photoshop

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES California State University, Los Angeles www.youtube.com/mycsula

Version 2.0 Summer 2009

Contents
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3 Downloading the Data Files...............................................................................................................3 Launching the Program.....................................................................................................................3 Starting Adobe Photoshop CS2......................................................................................................4 Understanding the Program Interface.............................................................................................4 The User Interface..........................................................................................................................4 Menu Bar..................................................................................................................................5 The Options Toolbar................................................................................................................5 Layers Palette...........................................................................................................................5 Color Palette.............................................................................................................................6 Navigator Palette......................................................................................................................6 Navigating the Toolbox......................................................................................................................6 Accessing Hidden Tools.................................................................................................................7 Creating a New Image........................................................................................................................8 Image Sizes and Resolution ..............................................................................................................8 Saving (Default)...................................................................................................................................9 Polygon Shapes and Lines .................................................................................................................9 Shapes.............................................................................................................................................9 Lines..............................................................................................................................................10 Foreground and Background Colors..............................................................................................11 Inserting Text ...................................................................................................................................11 Character Palette...........................................................................................................................12 Switching Colors of Text..............................................................................................................12 Opening Picture................................................................................................................................13 Cropping Images ..............................................................................................................................13 Selecting.............................................................................................................................................13 Selecting Using the Marquee Tools.............................................................................................13 Selecting Using the Lasso Tool....................................................................................................14 Selecting Using the Magic Wand.................................................................................................14
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Inserting a Picture............................................................................................................................14 Moving Objects within Layers........................................................................................................15 Renaming......................................................................................................................................15 Moving a Layer.............................................................................................................................15 Moving an Object within a Layer................................................................................................15 Duplicating a Layer......................................................................................................................16 Creating a New Layer...................................................................................................................17 Deleting Layers.............................................................................................................................17 Screenshot into Photoshop...............................................................................................................17 History Palette...................................................................................................................................17 Modifying Number of History States...........................................................................................18 Printing..............................................................................................................................................18 Saving in Other Formats..................................................................................................................19 Appendix A: Photoshop Toolbox Tools.........................................................................................20 Appendix B: Photoshop Character Palette Tools........................................................................22

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Introduction
Adobe Photoshop is the industry standard for still image manipulation and editing. It is the premier product used by web designers, photographers, and video professionals. With many powerful tools Photoshop allows users to craft images with only their imaginations as a limitation. Photoshop is a tool used for editing pre-captured images as well as creating unique graphics from scratch using shapes, drawings, styles, filters, transformational effects, and other blending options. While this handout is written for Photoshop CS2, most of the steps can be retroactively used in previous versions of Photoshop.

Downloading the Data Files

The sample data files used in this handout are available for download. To download the data files: 1. Click the Start button and select Internet Explorer. The browser window opens. 2. Type http://www.calstatela.edu/its/training/datafiles/photoshopcs2p1.exe in the Address bar and press the [Enter] key. The File Download dialog box opens (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 - File Download Dialog Box Figure 2 - Save As Dialog Box

3. 4. 5. 6.

Click the Save button. The Save As dialog box opens (see Figure 2). Select the appropriate location (e.g., personal flash drive) from the Save in: drop-down list. In the File name: text box, rename the file or leave the default file name. Click the Save button.

Launching the Program

When first launching Photoshop, the large number of tools and features may seem intimidating. As with using any other program it is best to first get acquainted with the layout before proceeding any further, with Photoshop and its many menus and hidden options this especially holds true. It is important to gain a thorough understanding of the software visual environment before proceeding with any image editing.

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STARTING ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS2

The following steps are for launching Photoshop on the computers in the ITS Training Program training labs. Note that the steps may be slightly different when working from home or another computer. To start the Photoshop: 1. Click the Start menu at the bottom left corner of the screen. 2. Select the All Programs option. 3. Select the Adobe folder. 4. Click the Adobe Photoshop CS2 application shortcut. 5. If a Welcome Screen dialog box appears click the Close button (see Figure 3).

Figure 3 - Welcome Screen

Understanding the Program Interface

Without any experience with other programs produced by Adobe, the interface may seem difficult to understand and vastly different than other applications. This section will give a brief explanation of each part of the Photoshop interface.

THE USER INTERFACE

The user interface is what the user sees when interacting with the program (see Figure 4).

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Figure 4 - Adobe Photoshop User Interface

Menu Bar
The Photoshop menus do not hold the majority of features that are available in the program. The Menu bar contains the usual editing, saving, and viewing options as well as layers adjustments and filter functions (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 - The Menu Bar

The Options Toolbar

The Options toolbar edits the way the active tool acts (see Figure 6). For example, when using the Type Tool the Options toolbar can change font size, face, and color.

Figure 6 - The Options Toolbar

Layers Palette
Adobe Photoshop does not directly edit an entire image at once. In actuality it only edits a single layer of the image at any given time. The Layers palette shows the information held within each layer of the image by displaying a thumbnail preview, the name of the layer, and different effects and properties regarding each layer (see Figure 7).
NOTE: Layers will be discussed later in this handout as well as in Part two.

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Figure 7 - Layers Palette

Color Palette
The Color palette allows for selection of particular colors, saving time by premixing colors into what are known as swatches (see Figure 8). Custom colors may also be mixed using the R, G, or B sliders if desired. A secondary location for the foreground and background color placeholders is also placed into the Color palette.

Figure 8 - Color Palette

Navigator Palette
When working with larger photo or under high magnification, navigating the canvas may become quite cumbersome. The Navigator palette shows a thumbnail of the entire image (see Figure 9). Clicking on any part of the thumbnail will bring the screen to that particular section of the canvas.

Figure 9 - Navigator Palette

Navigating the Toolbox

Photoshop CS2 offers a variety of helpful tools for creating and editing pictures and graphics for print and electronic documents. This section offers a brief description of each of the tools found in the Photoshop Toolbox, and instruction on accessing hidden tools. The actual Photoshop Toolbox, which appears on the left side of the screen, is a condensed version of the buttons displayed in this
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document. Tables 1, 2, and 3 in Appendix A describe the function of the selection, drawing, and editing tools of the Photoshop Toolbox (see Figure 10).

Figure 10 - Photoshop Toolbox

ACCESSING HIDDEN TOOLS

Many tools are hidden beneath others on the Toolbox. Any button displaying a small arrow in the bottom right corner contains hidden tools (see Figure 11).

Figure 11 - Accessing Hidden Tools

To access hidden tools: 1. Click and hold the mouse button on a tool. The button hidden tools menu appears (see Figure 12).

Figure 12 - Hidden Tools Menu

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2. Select the tool to be used. The selected tool is the active tool and is displayed in the Toolbox.
NOTE: The active tool is always displayed in the Toolbox. For example, if the Gradient Tool cannot be found, right-click the Paint Button Tool to find the Gradient Tool. If the location of the tool cannot be found, try right clicking one of the other active tools on the Toolbox.

Creating a New Image

The image size and resolution may vary depending on users purposes. The size of a picture when printed is determined by a resolution, which is measured in pixels per inch. For most graphics on the Internet, recommended resolution is 72 pixels/inch. For print quality, a resolution of 150 pixels/inch is recommended. For industrial print standard, a resolution of 300 pixels/inch or higher is recommended.

Figure 13 - New Dialog Box

To create a new image: 1. Select the File menu. 2. Select New or use shortcut key combination: [Control + N]. The New dialog box opens (see Figure 13). 3. Enter [New] in the Name: textbox. 4. Enter the value [400] for the Width: making sure the units are set to pixels. 5. Set Height: to [300] making sure the units are set to pixels.
NOTE: For a flyer, use 8 (width) x 10 (height) inches and Resolution: at 150 pixels/inch.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Leave Resolution: at 72 pixels/inch. Leave the Color Mode: on RGB Color. Set the Background Contents: to Transparent (see Figure 13). Click the OK. button

Image Sizes and Resolution

Images are composed of many pixels. Each pixel is a square containing one specific color. For example monitors in the lab display 800 x 600 pixels or 1024 x 758. A picture that is 400 x 600 pixels can cover one half of the computer screen (800 x 600). A large picture on the screen does not necessarily mean that it will print as a large picture. Generally when working with Photoshop, clarity and visibility are very important. It is important to set the monitor at the highest resolution possible with a CRT or the native resolution with an LCD monitor.
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NOTE: It is always better to work with larger images, and then scale it down. It is not advised to take an image and try to enlarge it since it will end up looking degraded.

Saving (Default)
It is important to save the file every few minutes to minimize work-loss due to an unexpected event. By default the file is saved in .psd format. To save the image: 1. Select the File menu. 2. Select Save. The Save As dialog box opens. 3. Select the destination under the Save in: drop-down list. 4. Type the desired file name on the File name: textbox. 5. Click the Save button.

Polygon Shapes and Lines

The Polygon Tool allows for the creation of drawn shapes with different qualities. The shape tools have options to create polygons with many different sides, ellipses, or rectangles. The Line Tool can be used to create straight lines.

SHAPES
Shapes can be created using the shapes tool found in the Toolbox. There are six different shapes available in the Toolbox: Rectangle Tool, Rounded Rectangle Tool, Ellipse Tool, Polygon Tool, Line Tool, and Custom Shape Tool (see Figure 14). Right click to access the hidden tools list.

Figure 14 - Shapes Tool in Toolbox

To create shapes: 1. Select a specific shape tool in the Toolbox. The default is the Rectangle Tool

NOTE: The shape tools are located in the Toolbox on the ninth row, second column starting from the top-left.

2. Select the desired color on the Shape Tool Options toolbar (see Figure 15).

Figure 15 - Shape Tool Option Toolbar

3. Click and drag on the canvas to create the shape (see Figure 16).

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Figure 16 - Shape Tools

NOTE: To create a symmetrical circle or a square, hold the [Shift] key while dragging the mouse. Vector shapes will automatically create a new layer (layers are discussed later).

LINES
Lines can be created using the Line Tool . Another option is creating freehand lines using the Brush Tool or the Pencil Tool from the Toolbox. To draw a line using a Brush Tool or a Pencil Tool: 1. Click on the New Layer button in the Layer palette. 2. Select the Brush Tool or the Pencil Tool from the Toolbox.
NOTE: The Brush Tool and Pen Tool are grouped together. Before creating the line, make sure that the correct color has been chosen in the Set foreground color button.

3. Click and hold from the starting point on the canvas. 4. Hold the [Shift] key. 5. Drag the mouse towards the direction of the ending point.

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Figure 17 - Parallel Lines Added to our Canvas with the Brush Tool

Foreground and Background Colors

While building a graphic there may be two colors that are frequently used. There is an option to store the colors as the foreground and background colors. The foreground color is the default color that will be used for the majority of the tools in Photoshop; the background color does not have any immediate affect on the canvas. The program may use the background color when applying a gradient fill or creating a new image. To set the foreground and background color: 1. Click the Set foreground color button below the Hand Tool (see Figure 18). The Color Picker dialog box opens. 2. Select the desired color. 3. Click the OK button. 4. Click the Set background color button (see Figure 18). The Color Picker dialog box opens. 5. Select the desired color. 6. Click the OK button.

Figure 18 - Set foreground color and Set background color

NOTE: The default colors are black (foreground) and white (background); there is an option that can return to these defaults. To change back to default colors click the Default Foreground and Background Colors button below the Set foreground color button.

Inserting Text
Photoshop has a text tool that allows the input of text onto the canvas.
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To insert text: 1. Select the Type Tool on the Toolbox. 2. Click the canvas to define the starting location of the text. The starting location can be modified later. 3. Type the text [Im working in Photoshop] 4. If necessary, the Type Tool Options toolbar can be used to format the text (see Figure 19).

Figure 19 - Type Tool Options Toolbar

CHARACTER PALETTE
The Character palette allows greater customization of text than the option listed on the Type Tool Options toolbar. To access the Character palette: 1. Click the Toggle the Character and Paragraph palettes button (see Figure 19) on the Type Tool Options toolbar (Table 4 in Appendix B explains each item in the palette). The Character palette opens (see Figure 20). 2. Set the Vertically scale textbox to 150% 3. Set the font to small caps mode by clicking the Small Caps button . 4. Click the Close button to close the Character and Paragraph palettes.

Figure 20 - Character and Paragraph Palettes

NOTE: Computers have a font bank that contains information for all the fonts stored on the hard drive, but not all fonts have information for bold and italics. Photoshop can force these in the text properties if the fonts cannot be adjusted using the Type Tool Options toolbar.

SWITCHING COLORS OF TEXT

Text color can be switched by swapping the foreground color and background color. To swap colors: 1. Select and highlight the desired text or click the chosen Layer Thumbnail button on the Layers palette. 2. Click the Swap Foreground and Background Color button in the Toolbox (see Figure 21).

Figure 21 - Swap Foreground and Background Color Button

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Opening Picture
Photoshop can open many different file formats that can then be edited without having to convert the files to another format before hand. To open an image within Photoshop: 1. Select Open from the File menu. The Open dialog box opens. 2. Locate the file cropping_and_more.psd. 3. Click the Open button.
NOTE: Do not close the file that is currently open.

Cropping Images
In Photoshop there are many ways to crop out part of an image. Using the Crop Tool, a rectangular area can be selected and Photoshop will automatically crop the image by removing the area outside of the selection. This method is quick but also very imprecise. There are also other tools available that are able to perform a similar function. These are the Magic Wand Tool and the Pen Tool. To crop an image: 1. Select the Crop Tool from the Toolbox. 2. Drag a marquee over the portion of the image to be kept. 3. Do any of these optional steps: a. To resize the marquee, drag any handle (double-arrow pointer). Hold down [Shift] while dragging to preserve the marquee proportions. b. To reposition the marquee, click inside it and drag. c. To rotate the marquee, position the cursor outside the bounding box, drag the mouse in a circular motion. 4. Click [Enter] (see Figure 22 and Figure 23).

Figure 22 - The Picture before Cropping

Figure 23 - Image after Cropping

Selecting
Selecting allows manipulation of part of the layer rather than the entire canvas area. After an area has been selected, the selected part of the image can be moved, copied, skewed, or transformed.

SELECTING USING THE MARQUEE TOOLS

The marquee tools allow selection using simple geometric shapes such as rectangles and circles. To select using the marquee tools:
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1. Select the Rectangular Marquee Tool from the Toolbox. 2. Click and drag to select an area of the canvas (see Figure 24).

Figure 24 - Rectangular Marquee Selection

SELECTING USING THE LASSO TOOL

The Lasso Tool allows selection using freehand drawing; with the Lasso Tool it is possible to select a more precise area of the canvas. To select using the Lasso Tool: 1. Select the Lasso Tool from the Toolbox. 2. Click and hold the mouse button over the canvas. 3. Drag around the area to be selected. 4. Release the mouse to confirm the selection.

SELECTING USING THE MAGIC WAND

The Magic Wand Tool selects an area that is composed of similar colors. This allows for quick removal of large areas that are made from colors within the same color range. To select using the Magic Wand Tool: 1. Select the Magic Wand Tool from the Toolbox. 2. Click one of the three shapes on the canvas; the magic wand should pick up the entire shape.
NOTE: On the Magic Wand Tool Options Toolbar the Tolerance: textbox is set to 32 by default.

Inserting a Picture
If there are multiple images that are open in Photoshop, it is possible to add one image onto another image/canvas. To insert a picture onto another canvas: 1. Select the File menu. 2. Select Open. The Open dialog box opens. 3. Find and open move_me.psd.
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4. Select the image that is to be copied. If there is only a specific area of the canvas being moved, use any of the selection tools to select the desired area. 5. Use the Move Tool and drag the highlighted area, if any, into another picture or canvas.

Moving Objects within Layers

Layers are the backbone of Photoshop. Layers determine the order objects are shown. The actions that are made in the canvas will affect only the currently selected layer. Below is a quick discussion of common actions used while working with layers.

RENAMING
While working in Photoshop it is important to always be aware of which layer the object is located in. As the document becomes larger and more complex it becomes easy to lose track of a particular object when all of the layers are not properly named.
NOTE: The number of layers in a flyer will amount to more than 20 or 30. A complex web graphic can reach upwards of 40 layers or more. Detailed art may reach over 100 layers.

To name or rename a layer: 1. Select the File menu. 2. Select Open. The Open dialog box opens. 3. Locate and open moving_layers.psd. 4. In the Layers palette double-click on the name Layer 3. 5. Change the name to [Post Office] and click [Enter].

MOVING A LAYER
Moving the order of layers up and down will appropriately arrange the objects. To move a layer: 1. Click the thumbnail for Layer 1 in the Layers palette (see Figure 25). 2. Drag the layer up and drop it above the background layer on the layer list.
NOTE: Notice the pieces of grass will appear on the sun on the canvas.

Figure 25 - Layers Palette

MOVING AN OBJECT WITHIN A LAYER

Once an object is moved to the correct layer depth, the user may want to move it to a different location on the canvas.
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To move objects on a layer: 1. In the Layers palette double-click on the name Layer 1. 2. Change the name to [Grass] and click [Enter]. 3. Click the Move button in the Toolbox. 4. Click and hold down the Grass layer image on the canvas and drag to desired location (see Figure 26).

Figure 26 - Moving Grass

NOTE: Practice moving and renaming the rest of the layers in the picture.

DUPLICATING A LAYER
Duplicating a layer allows duplication of all objects in a layer by creating an additional copy of the layer without having to manually redraw everything all over again. To duplicate a layer: 1. Select the Grass layer from the Layers palette. 2. Right-click and select Duplicate Layer. The Duplicate Layer dialog box opens (see Figure 27). 3. In the As: textbox, change the name to [More Grass]. 4. Make sure the Document: textbox has the same name as current working file. 5. Click the OK button to confirm the new layer. The user will now see a layer titled More Grass in the Layers palette.

Figure 27 - Duplicate Layer Dialog Box

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CREATING A NEW LAYER

While working on an image the user will likely need to add a new layer, add other objects, or effects to the image. For this image, a new layer has to be created to separate the new object from objects currently in the image. To create a new layer: 1. Select the Layer menu. 2. Select Layer from the New menu. 3. Change the name to [clouds] in the As: textbox. 4. Click the OK button.
NOTE: When editing a graphic with many different layers there is an option which allows certain layer colors to be set in groups.

DELETING LAYERS
Whenever there is a layer containing objects that need to be removed, the user can remove those objects by deleting. To delete a layer: 1. Select the clouds layer from the Layers palette. 2. Click the Delete layer button in the Layers palette. 3. Click the Yes button to confirm the deletion.

Screenshot into Photoshop

Instead of using HyperSnapDX or a different software to capture images on a screen and then copying it into Photoshop, screenshots can be captured directly into Photoshop. To insert a screenshot into Photoshop: 1. Take a screenshot by using the [Print Screen] key. 2. Either open a blank canvas or use the current canvas already opened in Photoshop. 3. Select Paste under the Edit menu.

History Palette
The History palette contains a list of previous actions. Unlike the undo function, which will only undo a single action, it allows users to undo a series of previous actions up to 1,000 actions. To undo several actions: 1. Select the Window menu. 2. Select History. The History palette opens. 3. In the History palette click any action and the image returns to the previous state before the selected action took place (see Figure 28).

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Figure 28 - History Palette

MODIFYING NUMBER OF HISTORY STATES

By default Photoshop only saves the last 20 action but it can be increased up to a total of 1,000 actions. Be careful when setting this amount too high as it may slow down the computer by using a large percentage of system RAM. To change the number of history states: 1. Select the Edit menu. 2. Select General from the Preference menu. The Preferences dialog box opens (see Figure 29).

Figure 29 - General Preference Dialog Box

3. In History States: textbox type in [100]. 4. The History palette will now save the last 100 actions. 5. Click the OK button.

Printing
Clipping is where the image is cut off and the rest of the image is printed onto another piece of paper. It is best to avoid clipping. To prevent clipping, preview before printing. To print: 1. Select the File menu.
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2. Select Print with Preview. The Print dialog box opens. 3. If satisfied, click the Print button.
NOTE: To print without clipping select Scale to Fit Media checkbox. Please note that the image will not print up to the edge of the paper if the printer does not support such a feature.

Saving in Other Formats

Once work has been completed in Photoshop, there may a need to save it in another format, either to use it for the web or bring it to another computer in a more compatible format such as .jpg, .gif, or .bmp. To save in a different format: 1. Select the File menu. 2. Select Save as. The Save As dialog box opens. 3. On the Format: list box choose desired format (see Figure 30). 4. Click the Save button. 5. An Options dialog box may appear depending on what file format was chosen. 6. Once everything is set, click the OK button.

Figure 30 - Save As dialog box

NOTE: Each file format has its own unique option menu.

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Appendix A: Photoshop Toolbox Tools

Table 1 - Selection Tools

Selection Tools

Name Rectangular Marquee Tool Elliptical Marquee Tool Single Row Marquee Tool Single Column Marquee Tool Move Tool Lasso Tool Polygon Lasso Tool Magnetic Lasso Tool

Function Makes rectangular and square selections. Makes elliptical and circular selections. Makes 1-pixel tall horizontal selections. Makes 1-pixel wide vertical selections. Moves selections, layers, and guides. Makes freehand selections. Makes freehand, straight-edged selections. Makes freehand, straight-edged segments selections. The selection border snaps to the edges of the image being selected. Selects similarly colored areas. Trims images to the selection. Creates user slices in an image. Selects slices from an image.

Magic Wand Tool Crop Tool Slice Tool Slice Select Tool
Table 2 - Drawing Tools

Drawing Tools

Name Healing Brush Tool Patch Tool Paintbrush Tool

Function Blends imperfections into surrounding images. Repairs imperfections using a sample or pattern. Paints brush strokes on an image. It can make both hard-edge and soft-edge strokes depending on the selected brush. Draws hard-edged freehand strokes on an image. Creates a copy of an image. Paints with part of an image as a pattern. Copies an image and paints with it. Paints with artistically stylized strokes that mimic the texture of a painting. Creates rectangles in an image. Creates rectangle with rounded edges in an image. Creates ellipses in an image. Creates polygons in an image. Adobe Photoshop CS2, Part 1 - 20

Pencil Tool Clone Stamp Tool Pattern Stamp Tool History Brush Tool Art History Brush Tool Rectangle Tool Rounded Rectangle Tool Ellipse Tool Polygon Tool

Drawing Tools Drawing Tools

Name Name Line Tool Custom Tool

Function Function Creates straight lines in an image. Creates custom shapes in an image. Right click to define the shape. Function Erases pixels and restores parts of a saved image. Replaces pixels with transparency. Erases a solid-color area with a single click. Creates a gradual transition between two colors. Fills selected areas or adjacent pixels that are similar in color value to the pixels clicked. Blurs hard edges in an image. Sharpens soft edges in an image. Spreads color across an area of an image. Lightens areas in an image. Darkens areas in an image. Changes the color saturation of an area. Selects a shape or segment. Selects a shape or segment and changes its size. Adds horizontal bitmap type to an image. Adds vertical bitmap type to an image. Provides formatting options for horizontal type. Provides formatting options for vertical type. Creates precise, smooth lines using anchor points. Draws lines and curves with anchor points. Adds anchor point to existing pen selection. Deletes anchor point from existing pen selection. Converts anchor point on an existing pen selection. Adds written comments to a selection. Adds verbal comments to a selection. Adobe Photoshop CS2, Part 1 - 21

Table 3 - Editing Tools

Editing Tools

Name Eraser Tool Background Eraser Tool Magic Eraser Tool Gradient Tool Paint Bucket Tool Blur Tool Sharpen Tool Smudge Tool Dodge Tool Burn Tool Sponge Tool Path Selection Tool Direct Path Selection Tool Horizontal Type Tool Vertical Type Tool Horizontal Type Mask Tool Vertical Type Mask Tool Pen Tool Freeform Pen Tool Add Anchor Point Tool Delete Anchor Point Tool Convert Anchor Point Tool Notes Tool Audio Annotation Tool

Editing Tools Editing Tools

Name Name Eyedropper Tool

Function Function Samples a color from an area of an image. This color can then be designated as a foreground or background color. Measures distances, locations, and angles in an image. Moves the image within the canvas. Magnifies and reduces the view of an image.

Measure Tool Hand Tool Zoom Tool

Appendix B: Photoshop Character Palette Tools

Table 4 - Character Options

Character Options

Name Font Size Kerning Lead Tracking Vertical Scale Horizontal Scale Bold Italic All Caps Small Caps Superscript Subscript Underline Strikethrough Anti-aliasing

Function Set the font size, scale can be defined as either pt or pixels. Sets the horizontal distance between each character that is typed. Sets the distance between two lines of text. When set equal to font size that is the same as double space. Sets the distance between each character that is typed. Set the height of the type. Set the width of the type. Forces the font to bold. Forces to font to become italicized. All type will be rendered in upper case. All letters that are not in caps are rendered in caps format, except smaller. Sets type to be superscripted. Sets type to be subscripted. Type will be underlined. Type will have a line through the middle. Smoothes lines around type to prevent jagged edges.

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