TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

ANNA UNIVERSITY (2 Marks) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

UNIT III
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
TWO MARKS
1) Solve
2
2
z
sin y
x

.
Solution:

2
2
z
Given sin y
x

( )
z
Integrating w.r.to 'x' , xsin y f y
x

( ) ( )
2
2
x
Integrating again w.r.to 'x' , z sin y xf y g y + +
2) Find the complete integral of
z x y
pq
pq q p
+ +
.
Solution:
Given,
z x y
pq
pq q p
+ +
This is of the form ( ) z ax by f p,q + +
[ ] put p=a,q=b
Hence the Complete integral is
z x y
ab
ab b a
+ +

3) Form the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary constants a and b from the equation
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
x a y b z cot +
.
Solution:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1
1 z x a y b
cot
1
+
1
]
Differentiating w.r.to 'x' ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1
2 2
x a z
z x a zp x a zpcot
x
cot cot



1
]

Differentiating w.r.to 'y'

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
1
2 2
y b z
z y b zq y b zqcot
y
cot cot



1
]

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
1
1 z pz cot qz cot
cot

1
+
1
]
( ) ( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 4
2
1
z p z cot q z cot
cot

1
+
1
]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
z p z cot q z cot +

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 0 z cot p q +
4) Find the complete solution of the PDE
2 2
4 0 p q pq +
.
Solution:
Given,
2 2
4 0 p q pq +
The complete integral is
2 2
4 z ax by c where a b ab + + +

2 2
4 0 b ab ab +

Hence
( )
2 2
4 16 4
2 3
2
a a a
b a
t
t
Therefore,The complete solution is
( )
2 3 z ax ay c + t +
5) Form the PDE of all spheres whose centers lie on the z-axis.
Solution:
The equation of such spheres with centre (0,0,c) and radius r is

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 x y z c r + +
where r, c are constants.
Differentiating p. w.r.to x and y , we get ( ) ( ) 2 2 0 2 x z c p +
( ) 2 2 0 y z c q + ( ) ( ) i.e., 3
y
z c
q

Substituting (3) in (2), we get 0 i.e.,
y
x p xq yp
q
_
+

,
6) Find complete integral of the PDE ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 x p y q z + .
Solution:
Given, ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 x p y q z +
This is of the form
Pp Qq R +
.
1 , 2 , 3 Here P x Q y R z
The Auxillary equation is
1 2 3
dx dy dz
x y z


Now Consider
1 2
dx dy
x y

Integrating this we get ( ) ( )
1
log 1 log 2 log x y c +

1
1 1
i.e.,
2 2
x x
c u
y y



Now Consider
2 3
dy dz
y z

Integrating this we get ( ) ( )
2
log 2 log 3 log y z c +

2
2 2
i.e.,
3 3
y y
c v
z z



Hence, The General Solution is ( )
1 2
, 0 i.e., , 0
2 3
x y
u v
y z

_



,
7) Obtain the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary constants a and b from the equation
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 x a y b z + + .
Solution:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 z x a y b
Differentiating w.r.to 'x' , ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
x a z
z x a zp x a p
x z

( ) x a zp
Similarly, Differentiating w.r.to 'y' ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
y b z
z y b zq y b q
y z

( ) y b zq
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 z p z q z z p z q z + +
( )
2 2 2
1 1 z p q + +
8) Find the general solution of
2 2 2
2 2
4 12 9 0
z z z
x y
x y

+


.
Solution:

( )
2 2
4 12 9 0 D DD D z where D= & D=
x y

+

The Auxillary equation is

2
4 12 9 0 m m +

2
4 6 6 9 0 m m m +
( ) ( ) 2 2 3 3 2 3 0 m m m

( )
2 3 3
2 3 0 , ( equal)
2 2
m m roots are
1 2 1 2
3 3
General Solution is where & are arbit rary.
2 2
z y x x y x
_ _
+ + +

, ,
9) Eliminate the arbitrary function f from
xy
z f
z
_

,
and form the PDE.
Solution:
Differentiating the given equation p.w.r.to x and
y
,
( ) 1
2 2
z xy y
p f
x
_

,

( ) 2
2 2
z xy x
q f
y
_

,
Divide ( )
2 by ( )
1
2 2
= =
2 2
xy x
f
q x q x
xy y p y p y
f
_

,

_

,
. . ., 0 i e px qy
10) Find the Complete integral of
p q pq +
.
Solution:
Given
0 p q pq +
This is of the form ( ) ( ) , 0 1 F p q
Solution is ( ) 2 z ax by c + + subject to
a b ab b ab a +
( ) 1
1
a
a b a b
a

( ) in 2
1
a
put b
a

1
a
z ax y c
a
+ +

. This is the C.I. of

p q pq +
11) Find the PDE of all planes passing through the origin.
Solution:
The general equation to a plane is ( ) 0 1 ax by cz d + + +
where a, b, c, d are constants.
Since ( )
1 passes through ( ) 0, 0, 0 , then 0 d ( ) 0 2 ax by cz + +
Differentiating p.w.r.to 'x' & 'y' in turn, we get
( ) 0 ; 0 3
z
a c a pc a cp
x

+ +

( ) 0 ; 0 4
z
b c b qc b cq
y

+ +

Substitute the values of a & b in ( )

2

0 cpx cqy cz +
i.e., - 0 0 px qy z c + Q .
12) Find the particular integral of
( )
( )
3 2 2 3
3 4 12 2 D D D DD D Z sin x y + +
.
Solution:
( )
3 2 2 3
1
2
3 4 12
P.I . sin x y
D D D DD D
1
+
1
+ ]

( )
( )
2 2 3
1
2
3 4 12
sin x y
D D DD D D
1
1
+
1
+
1
]

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
2
1 2 3 4 4 12 4
sin x y
D D
1
+
1
+
1
]
( )
1
2
21 48
sin x y
D D
1
+
1

]

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
7 13 2
3 7 16 7 13
D D sin x y

D D D D
+ +

+

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
7 2 2 16 2
3 49 256 4
cos x y cos x y

+ + +

+

( ) 39 2
2925
cos x y

+

13) Find the solution of

2 2 2
px qy z +
.
Solution:
Given,
2 2 2
px qy z +
This is of the form
Pp Qq R +
.
2 2 2
, , Here P x Q y R z
The Auxillary equation is

2 2 2
dx dy dz
x y z

Now Consider
2 2
dx dy
x y

Integrating this we get

1 1
1 1 1 1
c c
x y x y
+

1 1
. ., i e u
x y

Now Consider
2 2
dy dz
y z

Integrating this we get

2 2
1 1 1 1
c c
y z y z
+

1 1
. ., i e v
y z

Hence, The General Solution is ( )
1 1 1 1
, 0 i.e., , 0 u v
x y y z

_ _ _


, , ,
14) Solve
3 3 3 3
3 2 2 3
2 4 8 0
z z z z
x x y x y y

+

.
Solution:

3 2
. . 2 4 8 0 AE is m m m +
2 m satisfies this equation , 2 m also satisfies this equation and 2 0 2 m m
The roots are 2, 2, -2
Solution is ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3
2 2 2 z y x x y x y x + + + +
where
1 2 3
, and are arbitrary
functions of and x y .
15) Solve
( )
3 2 3
3 2 0 D DD D Z + .
Solution:

3
. . is 3 2 0 A E m m +
( ) ( ) 2 1 0 m m
1, 2( ) m roots are different
Solution is ( ) ( )
1 2
2 z y x y x + + + where
1 2
& are arbitrary functions of & x y .
16) Form the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary constants a and b from
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
z x a y b + + .
Solution:
Differentiating the given equation p.w.r.to x and
y
,

( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
z p
p x y b y b
x x

+ +

( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
z q
q y x a x a
y y

+ +

Substituting ( ) 2 & ( ) 3 in ( )
1 ,

2 2 4
q p pq
z
y x xy

4 pq xyz .
17) Solve
( )
2
1 0 D DD D Z +

Solution:
The given equation can be written as ( ) ( ) 1 1 0 D D D Z +

The complete solution is
( ) ( )
1 2
x x
z e f y e f x y

+ +
.

18) Solve
( )
3 2 3
0 D D D D Z +
Solution:

3 2
. . is 1 0 A E m m m +
( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 0 m m m + +
( )
( )
2
1 1 0 m m + .
1, 1, 1 m
Solution is ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3
z y x x y x y x + + +
.
19) Form the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary function from ( ) z f xy .
Solution:
Differentiating ( )
z f xy p.w.r.to & x y in turn,
( ) ( ) ( ) 1
z p
p yf xy f xy
x y

( ) ( ) ( ) 2
z q
q xf xy f xy
y x

Equating ( )
1 & ( )
2 we get

p q
px qy
y x

20) Write down the complete solution of
2 2
1 z px qy c p q + + + +
.
Solution:
The given PDE
2 2
1 z px qy c p q + + + +
is Clairauts Form
( ) . ., , i e z px qy f p q + +
The complete solution is got by putting & p a q b in the given PDE.
The C.I. is
2 2
1 z ax by c a b + + + +
where a and
b
are arbitrary constants.
21) Find the singular solution of
2 2
1 z px qy p q + + + +
.
Solution:
This is Clairauts Form. Hence the complete integral is
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 z ax by a b p a,q b + + + + Q
Differentiating ( )
1 partially w.r.to a and
b
respectively we get
0 2
2
x
x a a + and 0 2
2
y
y b b +
Substituting in ( )
1 we get
2 2 2 2
1
2 2 4 4
x y x y
z + + +

2 2
2 2
. ., 1 4 4
4 4
x y
i e z z x y + +
2 2
. ., 4 4 0 i e x y z + +
.
22) Find the general solution of
px qy z +
.
Solution:
Given,
px qy z +
This is of the form
Pp Qq R +
.
, , Here P x Q y R z
The Auxillary equation is
dx dy dz
x y z

Now Consider
dx dy
x y

Integrating this we get

1 1
log log log
x
x y c c
y
+

. .,
x
i e u
y

Now Consider
dy dz
y z

Integrating this we get

2 2
log log log
y
y z c c
z
+ . .,
y
i e v
z

Hence, The General Solution is ( ) , 0 i.e., , 0

x y
u v
y z

_ _
_


,
, ,
.
23) Find the particular integral of
( )
2 3 4
4
x y
D DD Z e
+
.
Solution:

3 4
2
1
. .
4
x y
P I e
D DD
+

( )
3 4
1
3 and 4
9 48
x y
e D D
+

Q
Hence
3 4
1
.
39
x y
P I e
+

24) Solve 1 p q +
Solution:
The given equation is of the ( ) , 0 Type f p q
The complete integral is z ax by c + + where ( ) 1 a b p=a,q=b + Q
Now
( )
2
1 1 a b b a +
The complete integral is
( )
2
1 z ax a y c + +
.
.
25) Form the P.D.E by eliminating a and b from ( ) z a x y b + + .
Solution:
Given ( ) z a x y b + + . ., i e z ax ay b + +
Differentiating the above equation p.w.r.to x and
y
,

( )
1
z
p a p a
x

( ) 2
z
q a q a
y

From ( )
1 & ( ) 2 we get, p q
26) Solve p q x y + + .
Solution:
Given, p q x y + + . This is of the form ( ) ( )
1 2
, , f x p f y q
Let ( ) p x y q a say
( )
2
p x a p x a + +
( )
2

ly
lll q y a

Substitute these values in dz pdx qdy +
( ) ( )
2 2
dz x a dx y a dy + +
this we get ing

( ) ( ) 2 2 z x a y a b + + + .
27) Give the general solution of
2
0
z
x y

.
Solution:
Given,
( )
2
0 1
z

x y

( ) 1 0
z
x y
_



,

Integrating with respect to x , we get ( )
z
f y
y

Again Integrating with respect to

y
, ( ) ( ) z f y dy x +

( ) ( ) . ., i e z F y x + . Here ( )
F y and ( )
x are arbitrary functions of
y
and x respectively.
28) Solve
( )
2 2
3 2 0 D DD D Z + +
.
Solution:

2
. . is 3 2 0 A E m m + +
( ) ( ) 1 2 0 1, 2 m m m m + +
Here ( ) ( )
1 2 1 1 2 2
. . m m C F y m x y m x + + +
The solution is ( ) ( )
1 2
2 z y x y x +
29) Form the partial differential equation by eliminating f from the relation
( )
2 2
z f x y x y + + +
.
Solution:
Given,
( )
2 2
z f x y x y + + +
Differentiating p.w.r.to x we get
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1
.2 1 1
2
p
p f x y x f x y
x

+ + +
Differentiating p.w.r.to
y
we get
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1
.2 1 2
2
q
q f x y y f x y
y

+ + +
From ( )
1 & ( ) 2 we get,
1 1
0
2 2
p q
yp y xq x
x y

+
. . ., 0 i e yp xq x y + .
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