CM4710 Biochemical Processes 3 Mid-Term Practice Examination November 19, 2003

rd

Name:

1. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Answer from the Following List Ultrafiltration Centrifugation Microfiltration Coagulation Absorption Reverse Osmosis Extraction

()

a) A common cross-flow filtration method used to separate cells from a fermentation broth is termed .

d) A common cross-flow filtration method used to separate proteins from smaller solutes is termed .

CM4710 Biochemical Processees

2. Answer With an Essay Description

()

Potential Topics for this question 1. The major separation steps for separation of valuable bioproducts from cell culture. 2. Describe the three forces on a cell within a centrifuge. 3. Describe cross-flow filtration 4. What is concentration polarization 5. Describe the different affinities that are involved during chromatographic separations of proteins or other biomolecules (amino acids, etc.). For example, ion exchange chromatography involves electrostatic interactions between the opposite charged groups on the adsorbent and on the solute.

CM4710 Biochemical Processees

3. Filtration of Gentamycin Crystals Using a Rotary Vacuum Filter.

()

Gentamycin crystals are filtered through a small test filter. The following data were obtained. t (sec) V (liters) 10 0.6 20 0.78 30 0.95 40 1.1

The pressure drop 'p in this experiment was 0.2 atm, the filter area A was 100 cm2, and the concentration of Gentamycin crystals C was 5 g/liter. a) Using the Ruth Equation, show that the specific filter resistance D is 3.17x1010 m/kg. The Ruth Equation is

V 2  2Vo V Kt where V (liters) is the filter collected after a time t (seconds) from the start of the test, K is
K 2 A 2 'p DCP

where P is the viscosity of the solution (.01 g/(s cm)). The data shown above are plotted as a reciprocal plot on the attached graph with the linear regression equation shown on the graph. The reciprocal form of the Ruth Equation is
t V 1 (V  2Vo ) K

b) Scale up this filtration process using a rotary vacuum filter. Assuming that the filter medium resistance is negligible (rm=0), the filtration rate per unit area of the rotary drum filter immersed in the crystal solution d(V/A)/dt is given by V d A dt 'p V P D C A

Cake Washing Zone Z Cake Formation Zone A Crystal Solution

Af Blade

V d A dt

CM4710 Biochemical Processees

where V is the volume of filtrate collected by the drum (m3) and A is the surface area of the drum immersed in the solution (m2). The size of the arrows in the cake washing zone indicate that the filtration rate per unit area is larger when the drum just enters the solution and decreases as the zone rotates through the solution, due to an increasing thickness (and therefore increasing resistance) of the filter cake. The rotation rate Z is 1 revolution per minute. Integrate this equation subject to the initial condition of when t = 0, (V/A) = 0 up to t = tc (the cycle time of one rotation of the drum) where (V/A) =(Vf/A), where Vf is the volume of filtrate collected over this time tc. Show that after integrating the equation given above, the volumetric flux of filtrate through the rotary drum filter (Vf/( Af tc)) (liters/(m2 hr)), is given by

Vf Af tc

2E 2 'p P D Ct c

1/ 2

where A = E Af, Af is the surface are of the entire drum (m2), and E is the fraction of the filter drum area immersed in the solution (0<E <1).

c) For the same pressure drop and the Gentamycin crystals concentration, and the same parameters as in part a), calculate that the volumetric flux through the rotary filter (Vf /( tc Af)) in units of (liters/(m2 hr)). Use E =1/3.

d) For a 20,000 liter solution of crystals, calculate the drum surface area (Af) necessary to filter the entire solution in a 4 hour period.

CM4710 Biochemical Processees