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Pinna (Latin for feather) is the visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head (this may also be referred to as
theauricle or auricula). The function of the pinna is to collect sound, and perform spectral transformations to incoming
sounds which enable the process of vertical localization to take place. It collects sound by acting as a funnel, amplifying
the sound and directing it to the auditory canal. While reflecting from the pinna, sound also goes through a filtering
process, as well as frequency dependent amplitude modulation which adds directional information to the sound
(see sound localization, vertical sound localization, head-related transfer function, pinna notch). The filtering effect of the
human pinna preferentially selects sounds in the frequency range of human speech. (wikipedia.org)
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2. Throatlatch (also, throttle, throatlash, throat ): is the point at which the windpipe meets the head at the underside of
the jaw, corresponding to where the eponymous part of a bridle goes.(wikipedia.org)
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3. Commissure of Lips represents a site of union of corresponding parts, as the angle of the lips or eyelids; used also
with specific reference to the sites of junction between adjacent cusps of the heart valves.( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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4. Flews are Pendulous lips may be called chops. (wikipedia.org)
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5. Nose is defined as the structure that protrudes from the anterior part of the face and serves as a passageway for air to
and from the lungs. The nose filters the air, warming, moistening, and chemically examining it for impurities that might
irritate the mucous lining of the respiratory tract. The external part, which protrudes from the face, is considerably
smaller than the internal part, which lies over the roof of the mouth.( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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6. Muzzle is characterized as the part of the head of a vertebrate, esp a mammal, consisting of the nose, jaws, and
surrounding region, esp when elongated.( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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7. Foreface is the part of the head of a four-legged mammal that is in front of the eyes. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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8. Stop is the degree of angle change between the skull and the nasal bone near the eyes. The depression between the
muzzle and top of the skull of an animal, especially a dog. (wikipedia.org)
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9. Crown is the top of the head. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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10. Occiput is on the posterior part of the head above the base of the neck. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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11. Crest is the region of long coarse hair at the dorsal border of the neck and terminating at the poll in the forelock. Present
in the horse and other Equidae. Similar gatherings of coarse hairs are present in the giraffe, gnu, various antelope,
cheetah and lion. Called also juba. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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12. Neck is the part of the body, on many terrestrial or secondarily aquatic vertebrates, that distinguishes the head from
the torso or trunk. The Latin term signifying "of the neck" is cervical( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)

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Withers is the region over the backline where the neck joins the thorax and where the dorsal margins of the scapulae lie
just below the skin. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Shoulder is the junction of the clavicle, scapula, and humerus where the arm attaches to the trunk of the body.
( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Point of Shoulder (at the shoulder Joint) is the smooth, rounded head of the humerus rests against the socket in the
scapula. The joint is covered by a tough, flexible protective capsule and is heavily reinforced by ligaments that stretch
across the joint. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It
is mostly protected and supported by the ribcage, spine, andshoulder girdle. . ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Arm sometimes called as the brachium; the part of the upper limb from the shoulder to the elbow. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Elbow is the bend of the arm; the region around the joint connecting the arm and forearm. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Forearmis the structure and distal region of the upper limb, between the elbow and thewrist. The term forearm is used
in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is most often used to describe the entire appendage of the upper
limb but in anatomy, technically means only the region of the upper arm whereas the lower "arm" is called the
forearm. (wikipedia.org)
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Carpus (wrist) is defined as the segment of the limb between the radius and ulna and metacarpus, made up of six to
eight bones, depending on the animal species, arranged in two rows and numbered from medial to lateral. Called also
the knee in horses and cattle and the wrist in dogs and cats. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Metacarpus (Pastern) is the intermediate part of the paw skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the
fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Digits (toes of the forepaw) 1,2,3,4,5 is a toe in cats, dogs and chickens, a foot in the horse, a claw or cleat in cattle,
sheep, goats and pigs. Called also a cleat in sheep. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Back is the posterior or dorsal portion of the trunk of the body between the neck and the pelvis. The skeletal portion of
the back includes the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and both scapulae. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs. It extends from the neck to
the diaphragm, and does not include the upper limbs. Theheart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as

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many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Loin is the part of the back between the thorax and pelvis. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The region enclosed by the
abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the
thorax orcephalothorax. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Flank is the posterior portion of the body between the ribs and the ilium. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Point of Hip it is the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Croup (rump) is the gluteal region; the region around the pelvis, hindquarters, buttocks. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Set of tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Buttock is characterized as the fleshy hillocks at the lower posterior part of the torso comprising fat and the gluteal
muscles. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Thigh represents the part of the leg between the hip and the knee. It is also called femur. ( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Stifle (knee) is also the name for an animal's knee joint. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Leg is known to be the part of the lower limb between the knee and ankle. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Tarsus (hock) is the skeletal region between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus( medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Metatarsus (pastern) is the part of the foot between the tarsus and the toes. ( medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com)
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Dewclaw is a vestigial digit of the foot of many mammals, birds, and reptiles (including some extinct orders, like certain
theropods). It grows higher on the leg so that in digitigrade species, when the animal is standing, it does not make
contact with the ground. (wikipedia.org)
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