6)

JJC/05/P1/Q1
1
in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in
Expand 3
8+ x
x2 .

[3]

MJC/05/P2/Q5
7)

8)

1 + 6x 6x2
(x 2 + 1)(2 x 1) .
Hence, or otherwise, obtain the expansion of f ( x ) in ascending powers of x
up to and including the term in x3.
State the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
Express f ( x ) as partial fractions, where f ( x ) =

[4]
[4]
[1]

NYJC/05/P1/Q1
Find the first four terms of (1 x) 2 , stating the range of x for which this
expansion is valid.

3r
By choosing a suitable value of x, find r 1 .
[5]
r =1 2
RJC/05/P1/Q5

9)

Expand (4 + y )2 in ascending powers of y up to and including the term in

1

y 3 . Simplify the coefficients.

[3]

In the expansion of 4 + 8 x + kx

1
2 2

, where k is a constant, the coefficient

of x is zero. By writing 8 x + kx as y, find the value of k .

3

10)

TJC/05/P1/Q7
3 + 2 x 11x 2
Ax + B
C
Express
in the form
+
where A, B and C are
2
2
2 1 + x (1 2 x )
1+ x
1 2x
constants.
3 + 2 x 11x 2
Hence or otherwise, expand
in ascending powers of x up to
2 1 + x 2 (1 2 x )
and including the term in x2. State the values of x for which the expansion is
valid.

[2]

[3]

TPJC/05/P1/Q1
11) Find the binomial expansion of 1 + 2 x up to and including the term in x3,
simplifying the coefficient. State the values of x for which this expansion is
valid.

[4]

[4]

VJC/05/P1/Q8
12) i)
x2 + x + 7
Express
in partial fractions.
(1 x )(x + 2)2
ii)

[4]

Show that the expansion of 1 + in ascending powers of x up to

2
3

and including the x 2 term is 1 x + x 2 .

4

iii) Given that (1 x )1 = 1 + x + x 2 + K , find the expansion of

x2 + x + 7
in ascending powers of x up to and including the x 2
2
(1 x )(x + 2)
term.

[2]

[2]

Possible solutions
1)

+x

4
C
A
Using sine rule
BC
AC
AB
=
=

sin C
sin
sin + x
4
6

BC
=
AC
=

sin

sin + x

6
1

2 sin cos x + cos sin x

6
6

1
1

3
2 cos x +
sin x
2
2

2
x

1
+ L + 3 ( x + L)
2

x2
= 2 1 + 3 x
+ L
2

x2
= 2 1 + 3 x
+ L
2

1
2

( 1)( 1 1)

x2
x2
3 x
= 2 1 3 x
+ L +
+ L + L
2
2!
2

2

x2
x2
2 1 3 x + 3 x
2
2

( )

x2
2 1 3 x +
+ 3x 2
2

2 1 3 x + x 2
2

2)

4x3 2x2 + 1
4x3 2x2 + 1
2x2 2x + 3
=
=
2
+
(x 1)(2 x 2 + 1)
( x 1)(2 x 2 + 1) 2 x 3 2 x 2 + x 1
2x2 2x + 3
Q
Rx + S
=
+ 2
2
(x 1) 2 x + 1 (x 1) 2 x + 1

2 x 2 x + 3 = Q 2 x 2 + 1 + (Rx + S )( x 1)
2 2 + 3 = Q(2 + 1)
When x = 1 ,
Q =1
0 0 + 3 = 1(0 + 1) + (S )( 1)
When x = 0 ,
S = 2
8 4 + 3 = 1(8 + 1) + (2 R 2 )(2 1)
When x = 0 ,
R=0
3
4x 2x2 + 1
1
2
= 2+

Therefore
. P = 2, Q = 1, R = 0, S = 2
2
2
(x 1) 2 x + 1
( x 1)(2 x + 1)
2

4x3 2x2 + 1
1
2
= 2+

2
2
(x 1) 2 x + 1
( x 1)(2 x + 1)

(
)
= 2 (1 x ) 2(1 + 2 x )
= 2 + ( x 1) 2 1 + 2 x 2
1

2 1

( 1)( 1 1) ( x )2 +

1
1 + ( 1)( x ) +

2!
= 2

( 1)( 1 1)( 1 2 ) ( x )3 + L

3!

( )

2 1 + ( 1) 2 x 2 + L
1

] (

= 2 1 + x + x + x + L 2 1 2x 2 + L
2

= 1 x + 3 x x + L
The series is valid for x < 1 and 2 x 2 < 1 .
2

Therefore the series is valid for x <

1
.
2

3)

1
x +1

= ( x + 1)(1 2 x ) 2
1 2x

1 1
1

1
1 + ( 2 x ) + 2 2 ( 2 x )2 +
2
2!

= (1 + x )

1 1 1 1 2

2 2 2

( 2 x )3 + L

3!
3
5

= (1 + x )1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + L
2
2

3
5
1 + x + x2 + x3 + L
2
2
=
3
+ x + x2 + x3 + L
2
5
= 1 + 2x + x 2 + 4x3 + L
2
1
The series is valid for 2 x < 1 x <
2
1
12
+1
1
x +1
12
11
4
When x = ,
= 11
= 11 =
=
11 1 2 x
9 11 3
11
1
1 2
11
11
2

1 5 1
1
= 1 + 2 + + 4 + L
11
11 2 11
11
3209
11 4
2662
10648

3209
3.32

4)

x3 x 1
x3 x 1
x2
x2
=
=
1
+
=
1
+
x 2 1 ( x + 1) x 3 + x 2 x 1
x3 + x 2 x 1
x 2 1 ( x + 1)
x2
x2
B
C
D
=
=
+
+
2
2
x 1 x + 1 (x + 1)2
x 1 (x + 1) ( x 1)(x + 1)

i) f ( x ) =

x 2 = B( x + 1) + C ( x 1)( x + 1) + D( x 1)
1
2
When x = 1 , 1 = B(2 ) B =
4
1
When x = 1 , 1 = D( 1 1) B =
2
1 2
1
3
When x = 0 , 0 = (1) + C ( 1) + ( 1) C =
2
2
4
3
x x 1
1
3
1
f (x ) = 2
= 1

+
4(x 1) 4(x + 1) 2(x + 1)2
x 1 (x + 1)
ii)
1
3
1
f (x ) = 1

+
4(x 1) 4(x + 1) 2(x + 1)2
1
3
1
1
1
2
= 1 + (1 x ) (1 + x ) + (1 + x )
4
4
2
1
3
= 1 + 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + L 1 x + x 2 x3 + L
4
4
1
+ 1 + 2 x + +3 x 2 4 x 3 + L
2
1
1 1
1 2
1 3
+
x
x
x
+L
4 4
4
4
3
3
3
= 3

+ x x 2 + x3 + L
4
4
4
4
1
3 2
+
x
x
2x3 + L
2
2
2
3
= 1+ x x +L
The series is valid for x < 1 .
2

) (

x 2005 of f ( x ) is the 2006th term of

1
(1 x )1 + 2006th term of 3 (1 + x )1 + 2006th
4
4

1
(1 + x ) 2
2
1 2005 3
1
2006 +1 2005
2006 +1
(2006)x 2005 = 1 + 3 1003 x 2005 = 1002 x 2005
x
( 1)
x
+ ( 1)
4
4
2
4 4

term of

Therefore coefficient of x 2005 is -1002.

5)

(2 x )

x
= 2 1
2
1
2

x ( 2 )( 2 1) x
(
)
1
+

2!
1
2
2
=

4 ( 2 )( 2 1)( 2 2 ) x 3

+L
3!

2
2

1
3
1

1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + L

4
4
2

1 3
1
= + x 2 + x3 + L
4 16
8
x
The series is valid for
<1 x < 2 .
2
=

The term of x r is the (r + 1) term in the series.

th

(r + 1)

th

1 ( 2 )( 2 1)( 2 2 )L ( 2 r + 1) x
term =
2
4
r!
1 ( 1) (2 )(3)(4 )L(r )(r + 1) ( 1) r

r x
4
r!
2
r

=
=
6)

1
3

8+ x

(r + 1)
2r +2

= (8 + x )

1
3

1
3

x
= 8 1 +
8

1
3

1 1

1
2
1 x 3 3 x

= 2 1 + +
+ L
3 8
2
8

1
1 2
= 2 x
x +L
48
576
x
The expansion is valid for
<1 x < 8
8

7)

Let

1 + 6x 6x2
Ax + B
C
= 2
+
2
x + 1 (2 x 1) x + 1 2 x 1

1 + 6 x 6 x 2 = ( Ax + B )(2 x 1) + C x 2 + 1
1 1
1
1 1 + 6 6 = +C + 1
When x = ,
2 4
4
2
C=2
1 = B + 2
When x = 0 ,
B =1
1 + 6 6 = ( A + 1)(2 1) + 2(1 + 1)
When x = 1 ,
A = 4
1 + 6x 6x2
1 4x
2
f (x ) = 2
= 2
+
x + 1 (2 x 1) x + 1 2 x 1

f (x ) =

1 4x
2
+
2
x + 1 2x 1

( ) 2(1 2 x )
= (1 4 x )[1 x + L] 2[1 + 2 x + (2 x ) + (2 x )
= (1 4 x ) 1 + x 2

+L

= 1 x 2 4 x + 4 x 3 + L 2 4 x 8 x 2 16 x 3 + L
= 1 4 x 9 x 2 12 x 3 + L
The series is valid for x 2 < 1 and 2 x < 1 x <
8)

1
2

(1 x )2 = 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x 3 + L
The expansion is valid for x < 1 .

3r
r
=
3

r 1
r 1
r =1 2
r =1 2
2
3

1
1 1
1
= 31 + 2 + 3 + 4 + L, subst x = into expansion
2
2 2
2

1
= 31
2
= 12

9)

(4 + y )

1
2

y 2

= 21 +
4

1 1
1 1 1

1 y 2 2 1 y 2 2 2 1 2 2 y 3

= 2 1 + +
+
+ L
2!
3!
2 4
4
4

1 2
1
1

= 2 1 + y
y +
y 3 + L
128
1024
8

1
1 2
1 3
= 2+ y
y +
y +L
4
64
512
y
The expansion is valid for
<1 y < 4
4
Let y = 8 x + kx 2

(4 + 8x + kx ) = (4 + y )
1
2 2

1
2

1
1 2
1 3
y
y +
y +L
4
64
512
2
3
1
1
1
= 2 + 8 x + kx 2
8 x + kx 2 +
8 x + kx 2 + L
4
64
512
1
1
=L
64 x 2 + 16kx 3 + k 2 x 4 +
512 x 3 + L + L
64
512
k
= L x3 + x3 + L
4

= 2+

k
+1 = 0
4
k =4

10)

3 + 2 x 11x 2
Ax + B
C
=
+
2
2
2 1 + x (1 2 x ) 1 + x
1 2x
1
3 + 2 x 11x 2 = ( Ax + B )(1 2 x ) + C 1 + x 2
2
1
1
1
1
3 + 2 11 = +C 1 +

1 2
2
4
4
When x = ,
2
1
C=
2
3
1
= B(1) + (1)
When x = 0 , 2
2
B =1
1
(3 + 2 11) = ( A + 1)(1 2) + 1 (1 + 1)
When x = 1 , 2
2
A=3

(
(

3 + 2 x 11x 2
3x + 1
1
=
+
2
2
2 1 + x (1 2 x ) 1 + x
2(1 2 x )

3 + 2 x 11x 2
3x + 1
1
=
+
2
2
2 1 + x (1 2 x ) 1 + x
2(1 2 x )

= (3 x + 1) 1 + x 2

1
(1 2 x )1
2
1
= (3 x + 1) 1 x 2 + L + 1 + 2 x + 4 x 2 + L
2
1
= 3x + 1 x 2 + L + + x + 2 x 2 + L
2
3
= + 4x + x2 + L
2
1
The expansion is valid for x < 1 and 2x < 1 x
2

11)

=( +

)2
1

= + (

= +

(
) +
2

+L

)2

(
+

)3 + L

12)

i) Let

x2 + x + 7
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
(1 x )(x + 2 ) 1 x x + 2 (x + 2)2

x 2 + x + 7 = A( x + 2 ) + B(1 x )( x + 2 ) + C (1 x )
2

When x = 1 , 1 + 1 + 7 = A(1 + 2 ) A = 1
When x = 2 , 4 2 + 7 = C (1 + 2) C = 3
When x = 0 , 7 = 4 + B(1)(2) + 3 B = 0
2

x2 + x + 7
1
3
=
+
2
(1 x )(x + 2) 1 x (x + 2)2
ii)
2
2
x
x ( 2 )( 2 1) x
1 + = 1 + ( 2 ) +
+L
2!
2
2
2
3
= 1 x + x2 + L
4
x
The expansion is valid for
<1 x < 2
2
iii)
x2 + x + 7
1
3
=
+
2
(1 x )(x + 2) 1 x (x + 2 )2
= (1 x ) + 3( x + 2 )
1

2
2

3 x
= 1 + x + x 2 + K + 1 +
4 2
3
3

= 1 + x + x 2 + K + 1 x + x 2 + L
4
4

7 1
25 2
= + x+
x +L
4 4
16
x
The expansion is valid for x < 1 and < 1 x < 1
2