Long live Pakistan!

A tribute to Dr. A.Q Khan

Department of Electrical Power Engineering The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

A SMALL EFFORT
By 08EL60 Shafqat Hussain Sabaaq 08EL38 Muhammad Ammad Ali And 08EL40 Amina Bashir

Wind Energy

What is wind energy

A wind energy system transforms the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be harnessed for practical life. The energy got from the air blowing around us is called wind energy.

History of wind power

The world's first automatically operated wind turbine was built in Cleveland in 1888 by Charles F. Brush. It was 60feet tall. Weighted four tons. Production capacity is 12KW.

Resources
Wind turbines require locations with constantly high wind speeds. To determine the suitable location we only need to calculate the factor that is WPD.

Process
The power in the wind can be extracted by allowing it to blow past moving wings that exerts torque on a rotor. The power P available in the wind is given by P = D2V3 where P is in watt, ( density of air ) measured in Kg/m3, D ( turbine blade length ) in m and v is velocity of wind in m/s.

Types of wind turbines

Horizontal-axis turbine.

Vertical-axis turbine.

Wind turbine wiring diagram

Storing wind power as ice

It is a natural phenomenon that the wind blows stronger at night than in the day. We dont need that extra energy during nighttime. We can store this energy and use it during daytime when the load is too much on the grid.

Merits of wind power generation

1. Most cheap method than

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

any other sources. Environmental friendly. No need to maintain the large set up. We can install Cattle forming along with this plant. Best suited with rural areas. Does not require any fuel to operate.

Demerits of wind power generation

Not so much common method so that is why investment is low hence unavailability of the machines . Work only in airy areas. Highly climate dependant, its equipment may damage due to storm and it produces less power in summer season. May affect the flying birds but its design can reduce the impact. It can affect signal receptions of cellular communications and telephone systems if wind farms are nearby. Winds farms can be noisy.

Wind vs Thermal
Wind energy 1. No enough security prob. 2. Less employment. 3. Small area is req. 4. Not continuous.

Thermal energy 1. High security is req.

2. Larger employment. 3. Larger area is req. 4. Continuous.

Wind vs. Atomic

Wind energy 1. Friendly to health. 2. Less expert req. 3. Small area is enough. 4. Small management is enough. 5. Not continuous.

Atomic energy
1. Sensitive to health. 2. Expert people are req. 3. Large area req. 4.A very good management is req. 5. Continuous.

Wind vs. Hydral

Wind energy
1. No need of dam. 2. Small area is sufficient. 3. No fear of flood. 4. Cheap. 5. Not continuous.

Hydral energy 1. A big dam is req. 2.Large area is req.

3.Fear of flood. 4.Expensive. 5. Not continuous.

Wind vs Solar
Wind energy 1. Cheap. 2. High Power production .
3. Can work day and night.

Solar energy
1. Expensive.

2. Low power production.

3. Only day working.

Wind vs. Biomass

Wind energy Biomass energy

1. High power production.

1. Low power production.

2. Automatic production power is receiving. 3. Not so much prob.

2. Manual source of power. 3. Maintenance prob.

America 1st producing 25,170 MW

Germany 2nd 23,903 MW 2008..

China 4th 12,210 MW. By 2012 top. Plan to produce 20 GW. Go install 1000 windmill by 2020.

Spain 3rd 16,740 MW

India 5th Produce 9,587 MW by 2008, 3% of total power production.

Annual installed capacity by region.

Economy:
The capital cost of wind power project range between Rs. 0.4-0.5 million per megawatt. This gives a cost of energy generation in the range of Rs. 2.00 to Rs. 2.50 KWh. Operation and maintenance costs are low and zero input fuel cost. Its efficiency is low as wind speed varies from time to time.

Potential in Pakistan

Engrs, Scientists and researchers indicates more than 50 appropriate places which are best suited.

 By Pakistan Meteorological Department, it can produce 50,000MW more than its req. specially in Sindh. The island of Kharochhan is producing and giving 100 homes electricity. Good alternate of load shedding.