Module 1

I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

True
True
False
True
True

II
a) Probability Sampling Technique the selection of items from the population is made according
to known probabilities which need not be equal. Consequently, the sampling error or the
precision of this sapling procedure can be calculated.
b) Judgment Sampling Technique also called non-random sampling or non-probability sampling,
makes use of judgment in the selections of items to be into the sample or in making decision as
to responses needed. The validity of the sample is based on the soundness of the judgment of
whoever makes the choice.
III
1) ?
2) Cluster sampling is a method of selecting a sample of district groups or clusters, of smaller units
called elements. The sample clusters may be chosen by random sampling or by systematic
sampling with random start. Similar to strata in stratified sampling, clusters are mutually
exclusive sub-populations which together comprise the whole population. Unlike strata,
however, clusters are preferably formed with heterogeneous, rather than homogeneous
elements so that each cluster will be typical of the population. The number of elements M in a
cluster is called the size of the cluster, and the number of clusters N in the population is called
the population of clusters. Clusters may be equal or unequal sizes.
Multistage Sampling. In Multistage sampling the selection of the sample is accomplished in two
or more steps. The population is first divided into a number of first-stage primary units from
which a sample is drawn. Within the sampled first-stage units, a sample of second-stage or
secondary units is drawn. If desired, one might add further stages, dividing the population into
hierarchy of sampling units corresponding to the different sampling stages.
3) Random Sampling is the process of selecting a sample, giving each sampling unit an equal
chance of being included in the sample. A random sample of n observations is a sample that is
chosen in such a way that each subset of n observations of the population has the chance of
being selected.

Systematic Sampling is a method of selecting a sample by taking the kth item from an ordered
population, the first unit being selected at random. Here k is called the sampling interval; the
reciprocal 1/k is called the sampling fraction.

Module 2
I
Dimalugi Company is thinking of increasing the salary of its 30 employees based on their lengths of
service. Such being the case, it came up with a list of the 30 employees lengths of service in years.
R = H-L = 19 2 = 17
K = 1 + 3.3 log n = 1 + 3.3 log 30 = 1 + 3.3 (1.477121255) = 1 + 4.874500141 = 5.874500141 = 6
i = R/K = 17/6 = 2.833333333 = 3
Years of Service
17 19
14 16
11 13
8 10
57
24

No. of Employees
Frequency (f)
3
5
6
8
5
3
n = 30

Class Boundaries
16.5 19.5
13.5 16.5
10.5 13.5
7.5 10.5
4.5 7.5
1.5 4.5

Midpoints
(X)
18
15
12
9
6
3

II
The following is the distribution of the daily allowances of 85 high school students at the Manila Science
High School.
Amount (PHP)
55 59
50 54
45 49
40 44
35 39
30 34
25 29
20 - 24

No. of Students (f)

5
9
10
22
18
13
6
2
n = 85

f<

f>

rf

Class Boundaries

85
80
71
61
39
21
8
2

5
14
24
46
64
77
83
85

5.88
10.59
11.76
25.88
21.18
15.29
7.06
2.35

54.5 59.5
49.5 54.5
44.5 49.5
39.5 44.5
34.5 39.5
29.5 34.5
24.5 29.5
19.5 24.5

57
52
47
42
37
32
27
22

CRF <
(%)
100.00
94.12
83.53
71.76
45.88
24.71
9.41
2.35

CRF > (%)

5.88
16.47
28.24
54.12
75.29
90.59
97.65
100.00

25

F 20
r
e
15
q
u
e 10
n
c
y 5

0
22

27

32

37

42

47

52

57

Class Midpoints (X)

Figure 1

Daily allowances of 85 high school students at the Manila Science High School
90
80
70
60
50

f<

40

f>

30
20
10
0
19.5

24.5

29.5

34.5

39.5

44.5

49.5

54.5

x2

fx

Module 3
The following is a distribution of employees of 100 companies
No. of Employees

f<

f>

CB

f x2

80 89
70 79
60 69
50 59
40 49
30 39
20 29
10 19
09

1
2
4
8
14
25
30
13
3
n = 100

100
99
97
93
85
71
46
16
3

1
3
7
15
29
54
84
97
100

79.5 89.5
69.5 79.5
59.5 69.5
49.5 59.5
39.5 49.5
29.5 39.5
19.5 29.5
9.5 19.5
0.5 9.5

84.5
74.5
64.5
54.5
44.5
34.5
24.5
14.5
4.5

7140.25 84.5
5550.25 149
4160.25 258
2970.25 436
1980.25 623
1190.25 862.5
600.25
735
210.25 188.5
20.25
13.5
23822.25 3350

7140.25
11100.5
16641
23762
27723.5
29756.25
18007.5
2733.25
60.75
136925

A. Mean, Median and Mode

fx
Mean =
------n

3350
-----100

33.5

Median =

n/2 F2
L + (--------------) i
f2

100/2 46
29.5 + (---------------) 10
25

=
=
=

29.5 + (0.16) (10)

29.5 + 1.6
31.1

n/2 = 100/2= 50 50th item is in the class 30 39 w/c is the median class

Or

Median =

n/2 F2
U - (--------------) i
f2

100/2 29
39.5 - (---------------) 10

n/2 = 100/2= 50 50th item is in the class 30 39 w/c is the median class

25
=
=
=

39.5 - (0.84) (10)

39.5 8.4
31.1

Mode =

d1
L + (--------------) i
d1 + d2

17
19.5 + (---------------) 10
17 + 5

=
=
=
=

19.5 + (0.7727272727) (10)

19.5 + 7.727272727
27.22727273
27.23

Qk

Kn/4 - fk
L + (--------------) i
Fk

Q2

(2)(100)/4 - 46
29.5 + (-------------------)10
25

4
29.5 + (------)
25

=
=
=

29.5 +0.16 (10)

29.5 + 1.6
31.1

B)

kn/4 = 200/4= 50 50th item is in the class 30 39

10

Since 31.1 is the middle value, 50% of the distribution has values lower than 31.1 and 50% have
higher than 31.1.

Dk

D9

Kn/10 - fk
L + (--------------) i
Fk

(9)(100)/10 - 85
49.5 + (----------------------) 10
8

kn/10 = 900/10= 90 90th item is in the class 50 59

5
49.5 + (---) 10
8
=
49.5 + (0.625) (10)
=
49.5 + 6.25
=
55.75
Since D9 = 55.75, then 90% of the distribution have values lower than 55.75 and 10% of the
values higher than 55.75
=

Pk

P95

=
=
=
=

Kn/100 - Fk
L + (----------------)i
Fk
(95)(100)/100 - 93
59.5 + (------------------------) 10
4

kn/100 = 9500/100= 95 95th item is in the class 60 69

2
59.5 + (---) 10
4
59.5 + (0.5) (10)
59.5 + 5
64.5

Since P95 = 64.5, then 95% of the distribution has values lower than 64.5 and 5% has values
higher than 64.5

C)
Q2 signifies middle value and divides the distribution into two parts, so is the median.
D)
S2

n (fx2) (fx)2
-------------------n (n 1)

100 (136925) (3350)2

-----------------------------100 (100 1)

13692500 11222500
----------------------------100(99)

2470000
-------------9900

___________
249.4949495

=
=

15.79540913
15.80

Mean 3 (Standard Deviation)

33.5 + 3(15.79540913) = 33.5 + 47.38622738 = 80.88622738 = 80.89
33.5 3(15.79540913) = 33.5 47.38622738 = -13.88622738 = -13.89
Thus, 99.73% of the distribution has values ranging from -13.89 to 80.89