CONTENT

NO. 1 Introduction

TITLE

PAGE 01

Advantage 02

disadvantage

03

Type of split unit

04 - 06

Plit unit basic cycle Principle of refrigeration

07

Extra content

08

Reference

09

SPLIT UNIT

Introduction A split air conditioning unit is one that has the two main components separate from each other, with one being inside the building, and the other being outside. A central air conditioning unit is nearly always a split air conditioning unit. There are also air conditioning units called mini split air conditioners. These units operate in a very similar way, but do not use ducts to send the air. These may provide single room air conditioning, or cooling for multiple rooms, and are often called ductless air conditioning units. The two main components of a split air conditioning system have different functions. The unit situated outdoors, called a compressor, cools the air and handles condensation. This saves the trouble of having to find a way to drain the water created from the air conditioning process indoors. The inside unit, called the blower, is responsible for distributing the air to the rest of the house. This is done through a forced-air system, usually using a fan and a series of ducts that distribute cool air to each room in the home with a vent. An intake vent will return air to the unit.

Advantage Separating the outside and inside units means there is less contact between the inside and the outside air. This helps efficiency by using available building insulation to keep the cool side cool. The cassettes are very quiet compared to a window unit, and they can be placed on interior walls or even in the ceiling. With proper planning, this also adds to cooling efficiency. Split systems do not require duct work like central air and this is one of two major advantages over traditional systems. Interior cassettes are fed by small tubes that carry refrigerant from the outside condenser/heat exchanger. This provides the necessary cooling capacity. Warm refrigerant then flows out again through another tube. These two tubes, along with an electrical supply for the fan, are then the only connections needed and this is why they can be placed easily in convenient locations. The second major advantage over central air conditioning is the ability to zone split systems. When more than one cassette is running off the same outside condenser, each can be programmed separately with a thermostat dedicated to that particular zone. This allows control over separate rooms and even a shutdown of one or more zones when rooms are not in use. This latter ability makes them ideal for offices or hotels where rooms may not be used for some time. Bridging the gap between a window air conditioner and a full blown central air system (with ducts) a split system is within the scope of a home handyman and many homeowners will install systems themselves. This is a considerable cost savings. Installation consists of an outdoor unit with power supply and one or more 3 holes for tubing to run into the house. If supplies to cassettes will be hidden, electricity and tubing will have to be run through interior walls. A final advantage is the ability of a split system to serve as both an air conditioner in the summer months and a heater in the winter. This is accomplished by switching functions at the outside compressor which then functions as a heat pump. Generally, cassettes are provide less heat than is necessary, but they are a useful addition to other systems.

Disadvantage The major disadvantage of a split system is the initial cost which generally runs as much as 30% more than a central air system when ducts are already in place for heating. In some applications, this price differential is made up for with efficiencies because of the zoning feature and split systems can run a very high. The length of tube that can be run will be limited depending on the unit and it may not be possible to place cassettes everywhere in a building where they are wanted. Refrigerant has to be pumped without too much change in temperature and runs are limited to about 50 feet in length, although extensions are available up to 90 feet with qualified installation. Homeowners who install systems themselves face a few difficulties. Unit placement and tube runs can be mishandled leading to costly re-dos. Permits for outdoor units or roof installations may be required and manufacturer warranties are sometimes voided or limited when a non-licensed person installs the equipment. Water build up from condensation on indoor cassettes can be an issue and drainage must be allowed for. This might need a separate run of tubing or direct drainage to the outside. Indoor cassettes cool the air directly. There is no air exchange with the outside. Although this adds efficiency, some users find indoor air gets stale over time. Some units do allow for this when they are mounted on an outside wall, although these are more common in Asia than in the US.

Type of Split Units Ceiling exposed unit Ceiling concealed unit Ceiling cassette unit Wall mounted unit

Ceiling cassette unit

Ceiling exposed unit

Ceiling concealed unit

Wall mounted unit

Split Unit Basic Cycle

Principles of Refrigeration Liquids absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas Gases give off heat when changed from gas to liquid.

For an air conditioning system to operate with economy, the refrigerant must be used repeatedly. For this reason, all air conditioners use the same cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation in a closed circuit. The same refrigerant is used to move the heat from one area, to cool this area, and to expel this heat in another area. The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a low-pressure gas, it is compressed and then moves out of the compressor as a high-pressure gas. The gas then flows to the condenser. Here the gas condenses to a liquid, and gives off its heat to the outside air. The liquid then moves to the expansion valve under high pressure. This valve restricts the flow of the fluid, and lowers its pressure as it leaves the expansion valve. The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator, where heat from the inside air is absorbed and changes it from a liquid to a gas. As a hot low-pressure gas, the refrigerant moves to the compressor where the entire cycle is repeated.

Note that the four-part cycle is divided at the centre into a high side and a low side This refers to the pressures of the refrigerant in each side of the system.

SPLIT UNIT The twin-split system allows the connection of two indoor units of the same type and the same capacity to one outdoor unit in order to ensure more even air distribution in a larger zone. The master unit measures the temperature for both indoor units. The indoor units are installed in the same room, always operate simultaneously, and have a single control.

HOW IT WORK

Air Conditioning Process: In the Indoor unit a fan blows the warm air over a heat exchanging coil where the cold refrigerant gas flows. The cold refrigerant absorbs the heat from the warm air and cool air is blown into the room. The refrigerant gas circulates through the indoor unit; copper piping then takes the heat from the indoor unit to the outdoor unit. Through compression, the refrigerant gas is heated and its boiling point increases. In the outdoor unit the heat created through compression is released to the outdoor air by means of a fan which blows the outdoor air over a heat exchanging coil. The liquid refrigerant flows back to the indoor unit where the refrigerant is decompressed which enables it to extract heat form the indoor air.

INSTALLATION To every type air conditioning installation split,space measure a the place should be done to determine horsepower for air conditioning that will be worn

Referent
http://www.swtc.edu/Ag_Power/air_conditioning/index.htm www.google.com