Professional Documents
Culture Documents
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
Bayabas
Psidium
quajava
Diarrhea
Toothache
Mouth
and
wound
wash
HPN
Toothache
Same
as
Lagundi
except
asthma
Edema
Diuretic
All
forms
of
skin
diseases
Intestinal
Parasitism
(Nematodes)
Diarrhea
Infantile
colic
(Kabag)
Dental
caries
Type
II
Diabetes
(NIDDM)
A. DOH Vision 2030 A Global Leader for attaining better health outcomes, competitive and responsive health care systems, and equitable health financing. B. DOH Mission To guarantee EQUITABLE, SUSTAINABLE and QUALITY health for all Filipinos, especially the poor and to lead the quest for excellence in health. C. Levels of Prevention PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Provided at Health care/RHU Brgy. Health Stations Main Health Center Community Hospital and Health Center Private and Semi-private agencies When hospitalization is deemed necessary and referral is made to emergency (now district), provincial or regional or private hospitals When highly- specialized medical care is necessary referrals are made to hospitals and medical center such as PGH, PHC, POC, National Center for Mental Health, and other govt private hospitals at the municipal level Prevention of Complications thru Early Dx and Tx Prevention of Disability, etc.
Allium sativum Mentha cordifelia Blumea balsanifera Cassia alata Quisqualis indica Carmona resuta
Ampalaya
Mamordica charantia
F. Homemade Oresol A volume or one liter homemade oresol Water 1000 ml. or 1 liter Sugar 8 teaspoon Salt 1 teaspoon
Smaller volume or a glass homemade oresol 250 ml. 2 teaspoon teaspoon or a pinch of salt=10-12 granules of rock salt: iodized salt=tips of thumb & index finger are penetrated with salt
D. 8 Common Generic Drugs (Botika sa Baranggay) 1. Co-Trimoxazole : GUT/GIT/URT Infection 2. Amoxicillin / Ampicillin 3. Rifampicin 4. Isoniazid 5. Pyrazinamide 6. Paracetamol 7. Oresol 8. Nifidipine: HPN E. Herbal Plants Plant Name Scientific Name Indications Lagundi Vitex negundo Asthma, cough, colds & fever Pain and inflammation Ulasimang Bato Peperonia Gout pellucida Arthritis Rheumatism
G. Millennium Goal Development (MDG) 1. ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER 2. ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION 3. PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN 4. REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY (Phil. focus) 5. IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH (Phil. focus) 6. COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES 7. ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 8. DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT H. Field Health Service Information System ( FHSIS) Individual Treatment Record (ITR) Fundamental building block or foundation FHSIS. Target Client List (TCL) Such lists will be of considerable value to midwives/nurses in monitoring service delivery to clients in general and in particular to groups of patients identified as targets or eligibles for one or another program of the Department
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
Maternal
Mortality
Rate
(MMR):
Reported
maternal
deaths
per
1000
registered
live
births
(RLB)
MMR=
#
of
maternal
deaths
x
1000
RLB
Infant
Mortality
Rate
(IMR):
Reported
#
of
infant
(0
to
12
months
of
age)
deaths
per
1000
RLB
IMR=#
of
infant
deaths
x
1000
RLB
Neonatal
Mortality
Rate
(NMR):
Reported
#
of
neonatal
(0
to
28
days
or
<1
month)
deaths
per
1000
RLB
NMR=#
of
neonatal
deaths
x
1000
RLB
Swaroops
Index
(SI):
Reported
#
of
deaths
among
individuals>
50
years
old
over
total
deaths
SI=#
of
deaths
(individual
>50
years
old)
x
100
Total
Deaths
J.
Nature
of
the
Family
Problem
Health
Deficit
(HD):
if
identified
problem
is
an
abnormality,
illness
or
disease,
theres
a
gap/difference
between
normal
status
(ideal,
desirable,
expected)
&
actual
status
(the
outcome/result/problem
encountered
on
that
actual
day)
Health
Threat
(HT):
any
condition
or
situation
which
will
be
conducive
to
health
alteration,
health
interference
&
health
disturbance.
Foreseeable
Crisis
(FC):
stress
points,
anything
which
is
anticipated/
expected
to
become
a
problem.
K.
Community
Organizing
(COPAR)
Preparatory
Phase
1. Area
of
Selection
It
should
be
DOPE
Community:
Depressed,
Oppressed,
Poor
&
Exploited,
a
new
criteria
for
community
organization
2. Entry
Phase
The
1st
thing
to
do
upon
entering
the
community
is
to
have
a
courtesy
call
with
the
Barangay
Captain,
introduce
self
&
group,
purpose,
present
the
project,
activities,
etc.
3. Integration/Immersion
(CIP)
Immersion
is
imbibing
the
life
situation/condition
of
the
community
.
4. Community
Study:
Diagnosis
of
Community-COPAR
Makes
use
of
the
Nursing
Process/Problem
Solving
Approach
FHSIS Reporting Monthly Form 1. Program report (M1) 2. Morbidity report (M2) Prepare by Midwife Every 2nd week of the month is the submission Quarterly Form 1. Program report (Q1) 2. Morbidity report (Q2) Prepared by Nurse Every 3rd week of the succeeding quarter month is the submission Annual Form 1. ABHS report Contains data on demographic, environmental and natality. Prepare by Midwife Every 2nd week of January is the submission 2. A1: Report on vital statistics: demographic, environmental, natality and mortality. 3. A2: Lists all diseases and their occurrence in the municipality/city. The report is broken down by age and sex. 4. A3: All deaths occurred in the municipality/city. The report is also broken down by age and sex Prepared by Nurse Every 3rd week of January is the submission I. Health Indicators Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Overall total reported births per 1000 population CBR=overall total reported births x 1000 Population Incidence Rate (IR): Reported new cases of disease per percent (100/population) population IR=new cases of disease x 100 Population Prevalence rate (PR): Reported new cases of disease + old cases of disease per percent of population PR=new cases + old cases x 100 Population Crude Death Rate (CDR): Overall total reported deaths per 1000 population CDR=overall total deaths x 1000 Population
Summary Table Composed of Health Program Accomplish and Morbidity Diseases The Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
O.
Excreta
Disposal
Household
Burial
Deposited
in
1m
x
1m
deep
pits
covered
with
soil,
located
25
m.
away
from
water
supply
Open
burning
Animal
feeding
Composting
Grinding
and
disposal
sewer
DOH
PROGRAMS
EXPANDED
PROGRAM
ON
IMMUNIZATION
v Law:
PD
996
Vaccine
Dosage
#
of
Doses
to
complete
immunization
BCG
1.
I
.05
ml
1
dose
2.
SE
.1
ml
1
dose
DPT
.5
ml
3
doses
OPV
2-3
gtts
3
doses
HBV
<10
y/o:
.5
3
doses
>10
y/o:
1
MV
.5
ml
1
dose
v It
is
safe
and
immunologically
effective
to
administer
all
EPI
vaccines
on
the
same
day
at
different
sites
of
the
body.
v The
vaccination
schedule
should
not
be
restarted
from
the
beginning
even
if
the
interval
between
doses
exceeded
the
recommended
interval
by
months
or
year.
v DPT2
or
DPT3
is
not
given
to
a
child
who
has
convulsions
or
shock
within
3
days
after
DPT1.
V
v Do
not
give
live
vaccines
like
BCG
to
a
individuals
who
are
immunosuppressed
due
to
malignant
disease
(child
with
AIDS)
,
going
therapy
with
immunosuppressive
agents
or
radiation.
v Repeat
BCG
vaccination
if
the
child
does
not
develop
a
scar
after
first
injection
Type
of
Vaccine
Storage
Temp.
Hours
of
Life
after
opening
OPV
-15
to
-25
C
Measles
At
the
freezer
Hepa
B
8
hours
DPT
2
to
8
C
Tetox
Body
of
BCG
refrigerator
4
hours
NATIONAL
TB
PROGRAM
Community
Sanitary
landfill
or
controlled
tipping
Excavation
of
soil
deposition
of
refuse
and
compacting
with
a
solid
cover
of
2
feet
Incineration
Prioritized which among the problems identified is to be attended 1st like in nature, magnitude, modifiability, preventive potential, salience
L. Epidemiology Epidemic: a situation when there is a high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in excess of the expected. Endemic : habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptibles Sporadic : disease occurs every now and then affecting only a small number of people relative to the total population Pandemic: global occurrence of a disease
M . Approve Water Facilities Level I Point Source A protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system for rural areas where houses are thinly scattered. Level II Level III Communal faucet Waterworks system or stand system or posts individual house connections A system composed A system with a of a source, a source, a reservoir, reservoir, a piped a piped distributor distribution network network and and communal household taps faucets, located at that is suited for not more than 25 densely populated meters from the urban areas. farthest house in rural areas where houses are clustered densely.
N. Approved Toilet Facilities Level 1 Non-water carriage toilet facility: - Pit latrines - Reed Odorless Earth Closet - Bored-hole - Compost - Ventilated improved pit Toilets requiring small amount of water to wash waste into receiving space - Pour flush - Aqua privies Level 2 On site toilet facilities of the water carriage type with water sealed and flushed type with septic vault/tank disposal facilities. Level 3 Water carriage types of toilet facilities connected to septic tanks an/or to sewerage system to treatment plant.
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
Reservoir
Man
And
Diseased
Cattle
(Bovine
TB)
Diagnostic
Exam
Sputum
Exam
3
sample
are
taken
with
24
hrs:
-
spot
sample
(1st
visit)
-
early
morning
specimen
-
spot
sample
(2nd
visit)
Note:
at
least
2
sample
are
positive
Chest
Xray
Mantoux
Test
-
.1
cc
injection
of
PDD
and
48-72
hours
reading
*
10
mm
+
5
mm
+
(HIV
pt.)
Treatment
DOTS
-
patient
is
required
to
take
the
Ant-Tb
drugs
in
the
presence
of
a
health
care
provider
to
ensure
compliance
to
treatment
regimen
Anti-TB
drugs:
(RIPES)
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin
Nursing
Implication
Pointers
for
teaching
on
Anti-TB
drugs:
Rifampicin:
taken
befor
meals,
causes
red
urine
urine
Isoniazide:
causes
peripheral
neuritis,
given
with
Vit.B6
Pyrazinamide:
cause
hyperurucemia
Ethambutol:
causes
optic
neuritis/
blurring
of
vision
Streptomycin:
cause
tinnitus,
loss
of
hearing
balance,
damage
to
8th
cranial
nerve
Note:
After
2-4
weeks
of
treatment,
patient
is
no
longer
contagious
Clinical Manifestation General weakness Loss of weight, cough and wheeze which does not respond to antibiotic therapy. Fever and night sweat Abdominal swelling with a hard painless mass and free fluid Hemoptysis and chest pain Painful firm or soft swelling in a group of superficial lymph nodes.
II
2 RIPES /1 RIPE
5 RIE
8 mos.
III IV
6 mos.
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
MAIN
SYMPTOM:
Diarrhea
Dehydration Classification
Pneumonia Classification
A child who has had diarrhea for 14 days or more and who has no signs of dehydration is classified as having PERSISTENT DIARRHOEA
Classify a child with diarrhea and blood in the stool as having DYSENTERY. A child with dysentery should be treated for dehydration
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE THE PNLE JULY
2012
PNLE
PEARLS
OF
SUCCESS
Diarrhea Bloody stools (on and off dysentery) Enlargement of abdomen Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Anemia / pallor weakness Diagnostic Test: COPT or cercum ova precipitin test (stool exam) Drug-of-Choice: PRAZIQUANTEL (Biltracide) Oxamniquine for S. mansoni Metrifonate for S. haematobium *Death is often due to hepatic complication Dispose the feces properly not reaching body of water Use molluscides Prevent exposure to contaminated water (e.g. use rubber boots) Apply 70% alcohol immediately to skin to kill surface cercariae Allow water to stand 48-72 hours before use
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Cholera Other names:El tor Fecal-oral route 5 Fs Incubation Period: Few hours to 5 days; Usually 3 days Pathognomonic Sign: Rice watery stool Diagnostic Test: Stool culture Treatment:Oral rehydration solution (ORESOL) IVF Drug-of-Choice: tetracycline (use straw; can cause staining of teeth). Oral tetracycline should be administered with meals or after milk. Shistosomiasis Other Names: Snail Fever Bilharziasis Endemic in 10 regions and 24 provinces High prevalence: Regions 5, 8, 11 Contact with the infected freshwater with cercaria and penetrates the skin
Malaria Plasmodium Parasites: Vivax Falciparum (most fatal; most common in the Philippines) Bite of infected anopheles mosquito Night time biting High-flying Rural areas Clear running water Malarial Smear best time to get the specimen is at height of fever because the microorganisms are very active and easily identified Chemoprophylaxis: only chloroquine should be given (taken at weekly intervals starting from 1-2 weeks before entering the endemic area). In pregnant women, it is given throughout the duration of pregnancy. Treatment: 1. QUININE oldest drug used to treat malaria; from the bark of Cinchona tree; ALERT: Cinchonism quinine toxicity 2. CHLOROQUINE 3. PRIMAQUINE sometimes can also be given as chemoprophylaxis 4. FANSIDAR combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine CLEAN Technique *Insecticide treatment of mosquito net *House Spraying (night time fumigation) *On Stream Seeding construction of bio-ponds for fish propagation (2-4 fishes/m2 for immediate impact; 200-400/ha. for a delayed effect) *On Stream Clearing cutting of vegetation overhanging along stream banks *Avoid outdoor night activities (9pm 3am) *Wearing of clothing that covers arms and legs in the evening*Use mosquito repellents *Zooprophylaxis typing of domestic animals like the carabao, cow, etc near human dwellings to deviate mosquito bites from man to these animals Intensive IEC campaign
POSSIBLE
TOPICS
ON
COMMUNITY
HEALTH
NURSING
FOR
THE
UPCOMING
JULY
2012
PNLE
*Patterned
on
the
previous
board
exams
from
December
2006
December
2011
the
purpose
of
this
note
is
to
GUIDE
students
on
the
possible
topics
that
might
be
part
of
the
upcoming
July
2012
PNLE