BIOSTATISTICS: CASE ANALYSIS - FINALS

SUBMITTED BY: AROMIN, Patricia Anne L. KUMAR, Rajini BSNIII-A02

SUBMITTED TO: Maam Liza Hipolito

A. "Blowing Bubbles" (A poem by a very bright student) Studying stats just made me tense, I had to find some sane defense. Some light and lifting simple play To float my math anxiety away. Blowing bubbles lifts me high Takes my troubles to the sky. POIK! They're gone, with all my stress Bubble therapy is the best. The label said each time I blew The average number of bubbles would be at least 22. I blew and blew and this I found From 64 blows, they all are round! But the number of bubbles in 64 blows Varied widely, this I know. 20 per blow became the mean They deviated by 6, and not 16. From counting bubbles, I sure did relax But now I give to you your task. Was 22 a reasonable guess? Find the answer and pass this test Given: n = 64 s=6 16
Solution: 1. : : < . . 5 3. 1.645 4.
16/ 64 1

5. Decision: Since 1 < 1.645 ; Reject Hi , Accept Ho 6. Conclusion: The average number of bubbles is at least 22.

B. First born children tend to develop language skills faster than their younger siblings. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that first-borns have undivided attention from their parents. If this explanation is correct, then it is also reasonable that twins should show slower language development than single children and that triplets should be even slower. The following hypothetical data demonstrate the relationship. The dependent variable is a measure of language skill at age 3 for each child. Do the data indicate any significant difference? 1. Use an ANOVA with =0.05 to determine if there are any significant mean differences among the three groups of children? 2. Use the Tukey HSD posttest to determine which groups are significantly different. Solution: ANOVA TABLE SS Between 28 Within 42 Total 70 PARAMETERS df 2 15 17 MS 14 2.8 F 5 s s2 n Single Child (SC) 8 1.41 2 6 Twin (TW) 6 1.9 3.6 6 Triplet (TR) 5 1.67 2.8 6

Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference between the mean of the single child, twin, and triplet. H1: There is a significant difference between the mean of the single child, twin, and triplet. Grand Mean 6 (8) 48

6 (6) 6 (5) 6 6 6 36 18 3 .

Grand Mean

SS(B) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6(8 6.33) 6(6 6.33) 6(5 6.33) 16.7334 .6534 1 .6134

SS(W) ( )

5( ) 5(3.6) 1 18 14 4

3( .8)

Degree of Freedom ( ) 1 31 18 3 15

( )

Mean of Squares ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 14 ( ) ( ) ( )

4 15 .8

Frequency ( ) ( ) 14 .8 5 Critical Value 3.6 5

Decision: Since 5

3.68 , Reject

, Accept

Conclusion: There is at least one significant difference in the data. TUKEY TEST HSD SC-TW H0: There is no significant difference between the mean of single child and twin. H1: There is a significant difference between the mean of single child and twin. TW-TR H0: There is no significant difference between the mean of twin and triplet. H1: There is a significant difference between the mean of twin and triplet. SC-TR H0: There is no significant difference between the mean of single child and triplet. H1: There is a significant difference between the mean of single child and triplet. 3.67 .51 PAIRWISE DIFFERENCE Mean difference 8-6 = 2 6-5 = 1 8-5 = 3 HSD 2.51 2.51 2.51 Decision: There is one significant difference between the mean of the single child and triplet. Conclusion:The single child tends to develop language skills faster than the triplet. ( ) .8 6

SC-TW TW-TR SC-TR

C. Divide into two groups according to gender. Each group member should record his or her pulse rate in 1 minute. Group statistics should be calculated ( ). You should test the null hypothesis of no difference between your mean pulse rate and the mean pulse rate for 80 individuals (40 males and 40 females) given the following parameters: M = 69.4; M = 11.30 and F = 76.3; F = 12.5. The data of pulse rates from your class is as follows: MALES FEMALES 75 90 77 84 76 94 107 65 84 72 70 94 80 73 65 81 66 82 72 84 82 100 62 82 74 74 82 78 74 74 89 79 79 66 84 77 84 65 75 77

Given: 79. 769 3 8 78.5185185 1 3.91 564 8 .7977 8 13 7

Solution: 1. : : . 5 7

2. 3.

13 38 4. .

5.

( ) (

79. 769 3 8 78.5185185 (13 1)(1 3.91 564) ( 7 1)(8 .7977 13 7 .5584 456 1486.9 3 77 38 15 .74 741 [ .11396 114] 8) 1 [13 1 7]

.5584 456 3.3 38116 9 .17 6. Decision: Since .17 < . , Reject H1, Accept Ho 7. Conclusion: There is no difference between the mean pulse rates of males and females.