Design of Digital TV Receive System Based on DVB-T

Xiaoyan Jiang
School of Electronic Information & Electric Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology CZU Chanzhou, China jiangxiaoyan@czu.cn

Yujun Bao
School of Electronic Information & Electric Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology CZU Chanzhou, China

AbstractThe theory and system structure of Europe digital terrestrial TV broadcasting is introduced in this paper. The system design and implementation of the DVB-T receiving system based on USB2.0 is given. This system selects MT2060 (Microtune Corp.) and DIB7700C (DIBcom Corp.) as its tuner, demodulator and USB controller. The system hardware architecture is described and the software is analyzed. This system has pasted test, and has received the digital terrestrial broadcast signal successfully. Keywords-digital TV; receive system; DVB-T; tuner; USB2.0

programs on personal computers to achieve real-time playing high-definition or standard definition television-quality MPEG2 video signal and audio signal, suitable for the use of PC to watch television programs, and can be mobile reception [1]. High-resolution displays, high-speed CPU and the display processor, mature software MPEG-2 player, provide people with a DVD-level audio-visual enjoyment. II. DVB-T TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

I.

INTRODUCTION

With the digitization of radio and television development, DVB-T mobile digital TV and the integration of 3C make watch digital TV anytime, anywhere possible. DVB-T mobile digital TV receive system can receive DVB-T digital TV
Encoder 1 GPS clock Multiplexer

In a variety of Digital TV signals transmission systems, digital terrestrial broadcasting because of its wireless reception, no need to re-setup network, as well as the characteristics of mobile reception, especially as the existing analogue terrestrial broadcasting replace, its transmission and reception of technical problems are taken seriously particularly at this stage.

Encoder 2

Single Frequency Adapter

Energy dispersal

Outer coder

Outer interleaver

Inner coder

Encoder N MPEG-2 source coding and multiplexing

Energy dispersal

Outer coder

Outer interleaver

Inner coder

Inner interleaver

Mapper

Frame adaptation

OFDM

Guard interval insertion

D/A

Front end To aerial

Insertion of pilot and transmission parameters

Figure 1. DVB-T block diagram of transmission system

Because of terrestrial television transmission in special circumstances, after years of research and feasibility studies, experts in DVB organizations selected coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) modulation as the

channel modulation and at the same time accompanied by a powerful error-correcting codes, reach to the spectrum utilization efficiency balance and transmission reliability [2]. COFDM modulation technology provides 2 modes of

978-1-4244-5273-6/09/$26.00 2009 IEEE

operation, a 2K mode (Carrier 1705) and an 8K mode (Carrier 6817), three kinds of modulation, four kinds of guard intervals to maintain and support the small-scale and large-scale operation of the Single Frequency Network (SFN), the same television program is transmitted by several transmitters at the same time and same frequency to improve reception [3]. The system allows different levels of QAM modulation and different inner code rates to be used to trade bit rate versus ruggedness. The system also allows two level hierarchical channel coding and modulation, including uniform and multiresolution constellation. In this case the functional block diagram of the system shall be expanded to include the modules shown dashed in Fig. 1 [4, 5]. Two independent MPEG transport streams, referred to as the high-priority and the low-priority stream are mapped onto the signal constellation by the Mapper and the Modulator which therefore has a corresponding number of inputs. To guarantee that the signals emitted by such hierarchical systems may be received by a simple receiver, the hierarchical nature is restricted to hierarchical channel coding and modulation without the use of hierarchical source coding. A programme service can thus be "simulcast" as a low-bit-rate, rugged version and another version of higher bit rate and lesser ruggedness. Alternatively, entirely different programmes can be transmitted on the separate streams with different ruggedness. In either case, the receiver requires only one set of the inverse elements: inner deinterleaver, inner decoder, outer de-interleaver, outer decoder and multiplex adaptation. The only additional requirement thus placed on the receiver is the ability for the demodulator/demapper to produce one stream selected from those mapped at the sending end. III. DVB-T RECEPTION SYSTEM

requirement. DVB-T PCTV receiver system includes tuner, demodulator and USB Bridge. The design adopts Microtune's MT2060 tuner and DiBcom DIB7700C chip for DVB-T signal reception and demodulation data protocol conversion. The MicroTuner MT2060 is an advanced, low-power single-chip broadband tuner that has been optimized for highperformance cable modems and digital cable set-top boxes that require low composite distortion and noise under digital cable environments [6]. It supports all high performance video, voice, and data applications. The MT2060 includes all active circuitry required to implement total RF functionality. It is capable of receiving frequencies in the 48MHz to 860MHz range and of converting a selected channel to a standard intermediate frequency (IF). The DIB7700C is a fixed and handheld DVB-T demodulator which includes microprocessor with a USB2.0 interface. The DIB7700C performs all the processing from samping analog baseband (BB) or intermediate frequency (IF) input signal to encapsulating MPEG2-TS packets over a USB2.0 link. It offers very robust algorithms that allows the demodulator to synchronizate and extract the TPS parameters even with a C/N (dB) = 0 dB. The gain slops of BB (or IF) and radio frequency (RF) amplifiers are digitally compensated to ensure an automatic gain control (AGC) loop linear behavior. The AGC is also able to cope with strong adjacent analog channel. The gain balance between the RF and the BB (or IF) is handled automatically, either in hardware or in software. A digital filter with high rejection capability is added to cope with adjacent channels. Combined with the interpolation function it allows the circuit to demodulate 8, 7 or 6 MHz channels without changing the analog front-end. The DIB7700C is able to recover up to + / - 350 kHz frequency offset which contributes to reduce the scanning time. A special fast hardware control is implemented for scanning. To optimize performance in portable environments, the DIB7700C implements a dynamic FFT window positioning process that gives the circuit the ability to track any change in the channel profile on a symbol per symbol basis. The positioning is optimal even with echoes with a delay higher than guard interval.
DIB7700C
USB DVB-T DEMODULATOR ON

A. Hardware Design In DVB-T standard, it provides the sending end of the system architecture and signal processing, the receiving end is open, can develop their own DVB-T receiving equipment, as long as the device can launch the right to receive and process signals, and to meet the DVB -T standard performance

USB2.0 controller TUNER LNA Microtune MT2060 IF PWM IF PWM RF I2C tuner GP6_RXSD USB USB port Type a male

TC1303A MAX1970 / 71 DC / DC 3.3V DC/DC 1.2V Combo LDO DC/DC REG 3.3V and 1.8V 5V USB

Figure 2. System block diagram

The overall structure is shown in Fig. 2. RF signal transmitted by the antenna into tuner and convert into the intermediate frequency signal (IF), then enter the DIB7700C, which integrated A / D converter and sample the IF signal, AGC also supports the regulation to ensure that the signal strength, perform signal clock recovery, carrier recovery, channel estimation, adaptive equalization and viterbi decoding, deinterleave, RS decoding, descrambled, output transport stream (TS) to video multiplexer, packing into a USB protocol data sent to PC machine for demultiplexing, MPEG audio and video decoding, and data processing and so on. B. Software Design In watching television under the windows operating system hardware drivers are based on Microsoft's BDA (Broadcast Driver Architecture) structure, topology and its function as shown in Fig. 3.
Tuner filter

D1 =

f LO1 f REF

(3)

D2 =

f LO 2 f REF

(4)

N1 = 64

f LO1 D1 f REF

rounded to nearest integer

(5)

N 2 = 8192

f LO2 D2 f REF

rounded to nearest integer

(6)

Pin1 Tuner node Demodulator node

Pin2

Where, fREF is the external crystal reference frequency (16 symbols in the above equations represent MHz). The the mathematical floor function. 3) Write the MT2060 register : Calculated using the above values MT2060 register value calculation process shown in table 1.
TABLE I.
WRITING MT2060 REGISTER

Figure 3. Topology functions

Register 0x0C 0xFF 16LBAND+ N1 / 4 D1 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05

Value

It has a similar structure as the directshow and take the filter as a node, belong to a receiver filter, a filter can do a lot of work, depending on the filter which kind of nodes it contains, as well as those nodes which functions they have. Function topology only describes a structure, the specific work distributed to the various nodes in the topology. In the process, the external visible tuner filter actually contains two nodes, tuner node and demodulator node. BDA tuner driver's duty is tune signal, demodulation, acquisition, demultiplexing, through the MPEG-2 software decoder watches digital TV. In the following, analysis of tuner, demodulator principle. According to the upper application passed tuning parameters and through the I2C bus interfaces, set MT2060 chips registers, set the appropriate search parameters, so that the tuner tuned to the correct frequency. 1) Calculation of the vibration frequency f LO 1 and f LO 2: Given the desired RF input frequency (fIN), the first IF frequency (fIF1) and the output IF frequency (fOUT), the desired LO1 and LO2 frequencies are computed using (1) and (2).

16 ( N1 mod 4) + ( N 2 mod 16) ( N 2 mod 4096 ) / 16 2 D 2 + N 2 / 4096

In table 1, mod expresses modulus; LBAND values and fIN band scope are shown in table 2.
TABLE II. fIN range 48 95 95 180 180 260 260 335 335 425 425 490 490 570 570 645 645 730 730 810 810 860 LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER (LAN) BAND SETTING MHz 1011 1010 1001 1000 0111 0110 0101 0100 0011 0010 0001 LBAND

f LO1 = f IN + f IF1

rounded to nearest 0.25 MHz

(1)

(2) f LO 2 = f LO1 f IN f OUT rounded to nearest fSTEP Where, FSTEP is the smallest step frequency of fLO2, 50 kHz or 62.5 kHz. 2) Calculation of D1, D2 and N1, N2: Calculated frequency counter D1, D2 and sub-frequency coefficient N1, N2.

For example, input center frequency fIN 177 MHz, the first IF center frequency fIF1 is 1222 MHz, output IF center frequency fOUT is 43.75 MHz, reference frequency fREF is 16 MHz; tuning resolution fSTEP is 62.5 kHz. With (1) and (2) to calculate fLO1 = 1397 MHz and fLO2 = 1176.25 MHz, 1379MHz is a multiple of 250 kHz, do not need to round, the same 1176.25 MHz is a multiple of 62.5kHz, do not need to round; with (3) and (4) to calculate D1 = 87 and D2 = 73; with (5) and (6) to calculate N1 = 20 and N2 = 4224; see table 1, 0x01 = 0xA5, 0x02 = 0x57, 0x03 = 0x00, 0x04 = 0x08, 0x05 = 0x93, the LBAND values see table 2, enter the center frequency fIN for 177 MHz, in the range of 180 ~ 260 MHz, so LBAND = 9. Tuning software flow chart is shown in Fig. 4.
Calculation of fLO and fLO2

compared with the regulatory requirements, in full compliance with regulatory requirements and a considerable margin.
TABLE III. COMPARISON OF C/N PERFOMANCE AND MINIMUM INPUT
LEVEL

Modulation

Code rate

C/N performance(dB)
Standard Test results

Minimum input level(dBm)

Standard Test results

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM

1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8

5.1 6.9 7.9 8.9 9.7 10.8 13.1 14.6 15.6 16.0 16.5 18.7 20.2 21.6 22.5

3.8 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.1 9.6 11.7 12.9 14.2 14.9 14.3 17.3 19.1 20.5 21.8

-92.1 -90.3 -89.3 -88.3 -87.5 -86.4 -84.1 -82.6 -81.6 -81.2 -80.7 -78.5 -77.0 -75.6 -74.7

-96.1 -94.5 -93.5 -92.6 -91.9 -90.2 -88.4 -87.3 -86.1 -85.4 -86.0 -83.1 -81.6 -80.3 -79.2

Elimination of pulse disturbance

16QAM 16QAM 16QAM

Select low noise amplifier band

64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

Calculation of MT2060 Registers

64QAM 64QAM

Write the MT206 registers 1~5

V.
Locked detection

CONCLUSION

Figure 4.

Tuning flow chart software

Demodulator DIB7700C after hardware reset, to do some initialization work and then come in automatically search depending on the application software passing in frequency and bandwidth information, after locked in the tuner, AGC, symbol rate, forward error correction FEC, MPEG synchronization signal have been locked continuously, the entire front-end part locked, the output of the transport stream into a computer through the USB, demultiplex and MPEG audio and video decoding, receipting program with the PC, the signal quality is good, sound, image are smooth, the entire system works properly. IV. RECEIVER PERFORMANCE TESTING

In this paper, study the DVB-T reception based on PC, it is very significant in the digital television flourish today. The program has used PC to watch digital TV, enabling the computer and the television integrated together, this is a very innovative idea, so that a computer adds multimedia capabilities, and increase of television ransmission channels. The program has been validated in real life and put into mass production, resulting in a good economic and social benefit. REFERENCES
[1] Lei Hai-jun, Liu Kun, Zhang Chang-shui and Peng Ji-hu. The Design of DVB - T Digital TV Receiving System based on USB. China cable television. vol. 07, pp. 662-665, 2005. (in Chinese) Xue Ying. Research and Implementation of mobile digital TV receiver based on DVB-T . Tianjin, Tianjin University of Technology, 2005. (in Chinese) Liu Da. Digital TV technology. BEIJING, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2007. (in Chinese) Lu Yi, Yu Zhen-sheng and Li Yan-qing. Implementation of digital settop box receive front-end based on DVB-T. Electronic Measurement Technology, vol. 30, pp. 133-134, Jan, 2007. (in Chinese) Gan Shiting. DVB-T-based Mobile Digital TV Terminal Project. Communication & Audio and Video, pp. 24-30, Apr, 2006. (in Chinese) MT2060 SINGLE-CHIP BROADBAND TUNER PRODUCT BRIEF. http://www.microtune.com/pdf/Briefs/PB-00063.pdf. (in Chinese)

[2]

[3] [4]

According to the specifications of Nordig, in the carrier for 8k, guard interval 1/4, in different modulation and coding rate, test the system carrier to noise ratio and the minimum input level, the minimum input level tested under 8 MHz bandwidth and at 474 MHz. From table 3, the system test results

[5] [6]