9 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER

TH E OXYGEN M OD EL OF CAN CER

Majid Ali, M.D.
Th e " Ox y gen Model" of cancer is a unifying m odel t hat int egrat es all aspect s of t he causation and treatment of cancer that I know. A healthy cell breathes oxygen for energy. A cancer cell shuns oxygen and ferments sugar instead for its energy requirements. This is t he crucial difference bet w een t he energet ics of t hose t w o t ypes of cells. From t hat we can expect t hat any elem ent t hat t hreat ens t he ox y gen or der of t he h um an body w ill pr om ot e cancer gr ow t h. That , in deed, is t h e case. I t also follow s t hat an y t h er apy t hat improves the oxygen function can be expected to enh an ce t h e body ' s defen ses again st cancer . That is also borne out by clinical experience. Those are t he t w o cent erpieces of all m y effor t s t o under st and and t r eat cancer. Ex cept when an early cancer can be removed completely w it h su r ger y , t he st at e of t he ox y gen in t h e body not chem ot h er apy or r adiot h er apy det er m ines t h e lon g- t er m healt h an d qualit y of life of t he pat ient . Per sons w it h one can cer ar e m or e lik ely t o develop a secon d unrelat ed cancer. Thus, t he st at e of t he oxygen in t h e body is also cr ucially im por t an t for individuals w ho are for t unat e t o have an early cancer completely removed. This central place of oxygen in t he t reat m ent of cancer is t he prim ary message of these articles in this booklet. The " Oxygen Model" of cancer ( Figure 1) for u nder st anding t he basic nat u r e of can cer described in this booklet is based on that. And so is t h e " Ox y gen Pr ot ocol" for t r eat ing can cer ( Figu r e 2) . Ox y gen dr iv es all en er get ic, com m unicat ion, det ox, and defense funct ions of t he body . I t is a m olecular m essen ger par ex cellence t h e ult im at e spin doct or of hum an biology. In 2000, I devoted Oxygen and Aging to t he larger subj ect of t he oxygen order of hum an life.* I n t hat book , I pr esent a lar ge body of clinical, m icr oscopic, and biochem ical obser v at ions t h at or igin ally allow ed m e t o r ecognize t h e ox y gen issu e of paramount
* I r efer pr ofessional and adv anced r eader s t o m y Dysoxygenosis and Oxystatic Therapies, the third volume of The Principles and Practice of Integrative Medicine.

im port ance: t he m at t er of how cells shift in t heir affinit y for oxygen under different condit ions. I recommend Ox ygen and Aging t o r eader s w ho w ish t o read m ore about t he m any Dr. Jekyll/ Mr. Hyde roles of oxygen in health and disease. Th e deeper on e's u nder st an ding of oxygen issues, the easier it is for the person with cancer t o m ake t he changes t hat allow a full life. That is an im por t an t lesson m y pat ien t s w it h cancer have taught me. I have seen the magic of ' cancer diet s, ' ' cu r at iv e her bs,' and ' ener gy cures' work, but only temporarily. Denial of foods is deplet ing. Euphoria of eat ing 'curat ive foods' offer s but an em pt y h ope. Th e ch an ge t h at is necessary for living fully aft er t he diagnosis of can cer is m ade r equir es a deeper r espect of life a m uch deeper com m it m ent t o som e higher purpose in life. THE OXYGEN CONDITIONS Th e Ox y gen Model is not m er ely abou t dum ping oxygen int o t he body wit h oxygen by mask, hydrogen peroxide foot soaks, intravenous infu sions of ozone, hy per bar ic ox y gen, and by ot her approaches t hough all of t hose t herapies gr eat ly h elp. Th e Ox y gen Model is abou t u nder st andin g t h e " ox y gen condit ion s" t hat preserve healt h and t hose t hat set t he st age for t he dev elopm en t an d spr ead of cancer . Th e oxygen condit ions, for inst ance, are profoundly influenced by t he spir it ual equilibr ium in one's life or absence of it . Anger is dysoxygenat ive it cau ses ox y gen dy sequ ilibr iu m . Dem ands for con sider at ion , un der st an din g, or lov e ar e dysoxygenative. Sugar in the American diet robs people of oxygen. The scient ific basis of t hat is clear. But that is not the complete story. A little girl lovingly brings to her grandfather suffering from cancer a piece of h er bir t hday cak e. Den y ing t h at also robs the grandfather of oxygen. Which threatens oxygen m ore? Eat ing t hat cake or denying? No physician can offer a simplistic answer to anyone. The right answer can only come from deep within the state of that grandfather. Understanding sets one free. But t hat level of underst anding cannot com e m er ely fr om list en in g t o r abid speeches

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 10

THE OXYGEN MODEL OF CANCER

Figure 1

OXIDOSIS
Too Much Oxidation

ACIDOSIS
Too Much Acidity

GROWTH OF

CANCER

DYSOXYGENOSIS
(Too Little Oxygen)

THREE ESSENTIAL ASPECTS

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11 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER

THE SUN-SOIL MODEL

for Controlling Cancer
Figure 2

The LIMBIC SYSTEM

SEX HORMONES NEUROTRANSMITTERS

THE APICAL TRIO

ADRENALS THYROID PANCREAS

THE MIDDLE TRIO

LIVER B L O O D & LYMPH B O W E L

THE BASE TRIO

THE SOIL-ROOT UNIT

CLINICAL PRIORITIES
FOR RESTORING OXYGEN HOMEOSTASIS
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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 12 again st su gar fr om healt h ev an gelist s on t h e r adio. ( May be eat in g a bit e or t w o, w h ile r et ur nin g t h e lit t le gir l' s sm ile, an d qu iet ly du m pin g t he r est w h en sh e is not look ing w ill help.) The r elat ionsh ips bet w een ox idosis ( t oo much oxidation), acidosis (too much acidity), and dy sox y genosis ( der an ged cellu lar ox y gen utilization) are schematically shown in Figure 1. Sim ilar ly , t h e Ox y gen Pr ot ocol for t h e t r eat m ent of cancer is n ot m er ely a m at t er of pr ov idin g ox y gen by an y of t he m et h ods m ent ioned pr ev iously. The Oxy gen Prot ocol for t reat ing cancer is about creat ing t hose oxygen conditions that: 1. Activate substances in the body that kill cancer cells; 2. Invigorate immune cells that fight cancer cells; 3. Control the destructive behavior of cancer cells; 4. Coax cancer cells to relinquish their resistance to oxygen; 5. Prevent cancer cells from making protective cocoons around them (discussed later); 6. Prevent toxic acids produced by cancer cells from accumulating in the cells and further poisoning oxygen enzymes and disrupting oxygen genes; and 7. Make it difficult for cancer cells to find a hospitable environment in distant tissues to colonize (to form metastases). OXYPHILES AND OXYPHOBES I n n at u r e, t h er e ar e cells t h at lov e ox y gen. I call t hem ox y ph iles. Ther e ar e cells t hat have a phobia against oxygen, and so I call them oxyphobes. There are other families of cells t hat ar e m et abolic t w o- t im er s t h ey r eadily change t heir " ox y gen- pr efer en ce" w h en t h eir env ir onm en t al con dit ions ch an ge. Again , I recommend Oxygen and Aging for many valuable insight s int o t he oxygen condit ions, in response t o w hich healt hy cells and norm al body flora of microbes shift their metabolism. A su bj ect t hat is seldom , if ev er , addr essed is how cancer cells dam age h ealt hy cells in their vicinity and cause an oxygen shift in t hem t urning oxyphiles int o oxyphobes, furt her spreading t he dangerous chem ist ry of deranged ox y gen m et abolism . Th is is y et an ot her important aspect of the Oxygen Model of cancer.

A BOOK OF CAN CER BY PERSON S W I TH CANCER FOR PERSONS WITH CANCER For fort y- six years, I have st udied cancer as a st udent of m edicin e, as a sur geon, as a pat hologist , as an im m unologist , as a clinician pr eoccupied w it h ox y gen equilibr ium ( h om eost asis) in t he body, and finally as an int egrat ive phy sician deeply in t er est ed in t he spir it ual dy n am ics of healin g. Most im por t an t ly , in t his book I have st r iven t o see and invest igat e t he pr oblem of can cer t hr ough t h e ey es of m y pat ient s w it h diverse t ypes of cancers. For t hat reason, I consider t his volum e t o be a book of cancer by persons wit h cancer for persons w it h cancer. As a young surgeon in Pakist an and lat er in En glan d, I consider ed can cer as a m ass ( t um or) t o be cut out . The person w ho harbored t hat m ass seem ed of no concern t o m e. Young surgeons are brought up t hat w ay. 'Prepare t hat colon cancer in t he Nort h w ard for t he operat ing theater,' was a kind of communication I received from m y professors. Then I never t hought about t he use of t he word theater for operat ing room . I t is hard t o avoid t heat rics when one w ields a scalpel ov er a draped- over , anest het ized being st rapped t o a t able. Surgery, t o a young surgical m ind, is about skills not about t he silent world of fear and uncertainty of the person with cancer, extending months and years after the 'procedure' is over. As a y ou n g pat h ologist in t he Unit ed St at es, I learned t hat one does not t alk about r est or in g an im m u ne sy st em dam aged by chem ot herapy in hospit al oncology conferences. That is w here 'm en' are separat ed from 'boys.' ' Men' do n ot engage in t h e t aboo subj ect s of 'building up t he im m une syst em ' w it h chicanery of nutrient therapies and herbal concoctions. I do not recall if ever t he w ord healing was spoken in thousands of those conferences. That was a word of t he 'fr inge m edicine.' Real m en of m edicine w er e t o r em ain abov e t h at . All t h at ch an ged when I began my work with integrative medicine and started to look at cancer through the eyes of my patients. I KNOW I WILL DO WELL About five years ago, I saw a woman with a highly malignant form of lung cancer called oat

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13 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER cell carcinoma. Oncologists at our hospital always ' gav e' less t h an six m ont h s t o liv e t o per son s wit h t his t ype of cancer in spit e of all possible treatments. As I read her biopsy report, my mind dr ift ed t o hundr eds of lung cancer s t hat I had diagn osed an d t o hu ndr eds of confer ences in w hich oncologist s h ad sim ply shr u gged w hen ask ed t o com m ent . The w om an facing m e chat t ed aw ay, t alking about her plans. 'I have a chur ch full of friends pr ay ing for m e. I have a good oncologist. And, Dr. Ali, I have you. I know I w ill do w ell.' I kept m y t hought s t o m yself and looked at her daughter on the next chair, holding a t oddler in h er lap. Her ey es w er e r ed fr om crying. It was clear to me that the oncologist had spoken plain ly t o t he dau ght er abou t t h e ex pect ed out com e, but n ot so t o t h e pat ien t herself. Or, perhaps he had, but t he pat ient had not understood well what had been said. Or, that she was still in denial. Or, her hope had drowned out the words of her oncologist. During a visit sev eral m ont hs lat er , she excit edly t old m e about a cruise t icket t hat her dau gh t er h ad bought for her as a gift . Sh e chat t ed aw ay abou t m any ot her t h in gs. Som e m on t h s ago ( near ly fiv e y ear s aft er h er in it ial visit ) , her chat t ing rem ained unabat ed. 'Has she chat t ed aw ay h er oat cell cancer ?' I ask ed myself. 'Or, does her hope continue to drown out all the noises in life? She simply lives on.' I DON'T THINK IT'S CANCER I n t he preceding, I described m y w ork in t he fields of surgery, pat hology, and int egrat ive m edicine t hat led m e t o dev elop t h e Ox y gen Model of can cer an d t o for m ulat e t he Ox y gen Pr ot ocol for t r eat ing it . Wh at m ay be possible wit h t he insight s provided by t he Oxygen Model of cancer ( for under st anding t he nat ure of t he problem ) and t he t reat m ent plan based on t he Oxy gen Pr ot ocol for can cer ? Th e case hist or y given below is of a m an wit h prost at e cancer. I t is t ak en fr om an ar t icle I published in Capit al Universit y's The Journal of I nt egrat ive Medicine 2000;1:143-151:
There are yet ot her higher dynam ics of belief in healing that doctors find very unsettling. One of my pat ient s had prost at e cancer diagnosed wit h a biopsy ov er t en y ear s ago. He declined sur ger y , r adiat ion t r eat m en t , an d hor m one t her apy . I nst ead, he em ploy ed nat u r al t her apies an d som e her bs w it h hormone activity. Following is a conversation that took place during his recent visit with me.

" Dr. Ali, I don't t hink I have cancer," he said matter-of- factly. "Good," I responded. " No, I m ean I really do not have cancer," he added with a smile. "Okay," I returned his smile. " I don't t hink you underst ood what I said," he becam e serious. " I t has been over t en years. I don't think it was cancer." " Oh! I get it . You m ean t hat t he biopsy was not read right, is that it?" I asked. "Yes," his face lit up. " Th at 's easy t o ch eck . I f y ou br in g m e t he slides I will look at them and tell you what I think." " Here, I have t he slides," he reached for his pocket and pulled out a slide pack. I ex am ined t he f aded slides. Th er e w as no question the biopsy showed a prostate cancer. " Th is is w hat w e pat h ologist s call pr ost at e cancer . " I t r ied t o be gent le aft er I finish ed examination of the slides. "I don't think it is cancer," he spoke firmly that time. "Well...." " I t has been over t en years," he cut m e off. "My PSA is down. My bone scan is negative. I have no pain. I have no urinary problems. What kind of cancer is that?" he asked with a wink. What k ind of can cer , in deed! I w on der ed. What ever he had cert ainly did not behave like cancer. He is right . I cannot find any t um or on exam inat ion nor is t here any laborat ory evidence of cancer. Who am I t o insist t hat it is cancer?! " We know so lit t le." I ret urned his wink and changed t he subj ect . The m an was sustained by his belief. At t he t im e of t his w rit ing ( fall of 2004) , he still has no clinical signs of cancer. He is living a full life. ON DEFYING DOCTORS' DIAGNOSES AN D PROGN OSES No one w it h can cer sh ould in m y view let a doct or set lim it s on her/ his life. I have seen qu it e a few pat ien t s w ho spok e w or ds similar to those given below: M y doct or t old m e I h a d a ye a r or so t o live , a n d t h a t I sh ou ld pu t m y t h in gs in o r d e r . Th a t w a s n in e y e a r s a g o . I ' m st ill here. My doctor died some years ago. I n m y new book Ox y gen an d Cancer , I also include case hist ories of som e persons w it h very aggressive and advanced cancers who also responded well for many years, like the man with

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 14 prost at e cancer w hose case is described above. When I see som eon e w it h a seem in gly v er y difficult sit uat ion for ex am ple, w hen can cer grows rapidly following chem ot herapy I cannot predict t he clinical out com e. St ill, t he principles of t he Oxygen Model are fully applicable and t he t her apies of t he Ox y gen Pr ot ocol ar e as n ecessar y for t h at case as t h ey w er e for t he
pat ient w it h pr ost at e cancer descr ibed abov e. Of course, t he sicker t he pat ient , t he m ore com pelling t he case for t he Oxygen Prot ocol. Thus, I explain bot h t he Ox y gen Model ( f or under st anding) and Oxygen Prot ocol ( for t reat ing) t o every person wit h cancer. I f clinicians like m yself never saw inst ances of long, useful life years after the patients were told they had a year or so to live, we would have simply quit t r eat ing cancer as I w ant ed t o do on m any occasions w hen I lost som eone. But it is t he survivors who close t hat opt ion for us. They gave me the courage to go on.

surrounding t he m alignant cells is considered as the centerpiece in all attempts to understand any and all aspect s of cancer . Specifically , t hat includes: 1. Local behavior of tumors; 2. Spread to distant locations (metastasis); 3. Gener alized effect s of t he t um or on r est of the body ("cancer toxicosis"); 4. Choice of therapies for eradicating local disease; 5. Choice of therapies for controlling widespread tumors; 6. Evaluat ion of responsiveness or absence of it of t he t um or t o t he t herapies em ployed; and 7. Long-term plans for the prevention of recurrence of second cancers. THREE STORIES FOR THE OXYGEN MODEL Th e Ox y gen Model of cancer has t h r ee core aspects: 1. It recognizes abnormal oxygen m et abolism t he absence of oxygen hom eost asis, in t he scient ific t erm inology as the fundamental metabolic derangement in cancer cells; 2. It calls for unfaltering focus on the search for all elements that cause, maintain, or exaggerate the degree of oxygen dysfunction in cancer cells, as well as in noncancerous cells in the vicinity of cancer cells; and 3. It provides the scientific basis of the treatment plans, both for destroying tumor cells as well as for the possibility of coaxing them to return to a healthful behavior. To explain t he above t hree essent ials of the Oxygen Model of cancer, I sometimes tell my pat ient s t hr ee st or ies. Th e fir st st or y , The Marat hon Runner, t he Canary, and t he Brewer's Microbes, illu st r at es the basic ox y gen dysfunction in cancer . Th e secon d st or y , The Phot ogr aph er an d His Roses, un der scor es t h e need for keeping a sharp focus on t he oxy gen dy sfu nct ion bot h for t h e clinician an d t h e pat ient w hile searching for fact ors t hat increase t he degr ee of t h at dy sfun ct ion and pr om ot e cancer growth. The third story, Pant ot ropha: t he Met abolic Tw o- Tim er , * ex plain s t h e scien t ific
*The scientific name of Pantotropha is Thiosphaera pantotropha.

THE STRENGTH OF THE OXYGEN MODEL The strength of any model rests on its two fun dam en t al aspect s: Fir st , it ex plains w h at is observed. Second, things get done better with it. A good m odel pr ov ides a r at ion al basis for for m u lat in g plan s of act ion t h at ar e t hen v alidat ed or r efu t ed w it h t r ue- t o- life ex per iments. For a medical model to be valid, it should h av e a st r on g ex planat or y pow er for clinical findings, and it should provide logical basis for form ulat ing t reat m ent plans t hat m ay be proven safe an d effect iv e w it h long- t er m , t r ue- t o- life clinical out com e st u dies, or discar ded if t h e result s do not j ust ify t hat conclusion. I believe t he Ox y gen Model h as a st r ong ex plan at or y pow er for diverse clinical pat t erns of cancer, as well as the laboratory abnormalities encountered in t h e pat ient s. Mor e im por t an t ly , t h is m odel pr ovides for a scient ifically sound basis for t he Oxygen Prot ocol for t reat m ent of cancer. Above, I gav e t h e st or y of t h e w om an w it h oat cell cancer of t he lu ng. She liv es at a lev el of her ow n . Bu t t her e ar e m any ot h er lev els of exist ence aft er t he diagnosis of cancer has been m ade. Lat er , I pr esen t ot her case hist or ies t o shed light on yet ot her levels of cancer cont rol and healing. I n t he Oxygen Model of cancer present ed in t his issue, all aspect s of t he disease are seen t hr ou gh t h e pr ism of ox y gen m et abolism . Specifically, cellular oxygen dysfunct ion w it hin cancer cells as well as t hat in noncancerous cells

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15 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER basis of t he Ox y gen Pr ot ocol for t r eat m ent of can cer , in w hich t h e focu s is on cr eat in g con dit ions t h at do not per m it dest r u ct iv e behavior of cancer. I t sheds som e light on t he t an t alizin g possibilit y of r ev er sin g t he ox y gen dysfunct ion in cancer cells and prevent ing t heir disorderly growth and destruction of surrounding t issues. This st or y also offers v aluable insight s int o t h e n at ur e of som e can cer - r elat ed phenom en a w h ich can not be ex plain ed in an y other way, such as tumors remaining unchanged in size and clinically silent for long years. THE FIRST STORY: THE MARATHON RUNNER, THE HUMAN CANARY, AND THE BREWER'S MICROBES Hu m an canar y is m y t er m for a per son w it h gr eat er v u ln er abilit y t o syn t h et ic an d nat ural agent s t hat disrupt oxygen m et abolism and cau se w idespr ead cellu lar dy sfu nct ion. I n 1994, I int roduced t his t erm in The Canary and Chr on ic Fat igu e t o focu s on how cumulative inj ur y t o cellular en er get ics causes ch r onic fatigue, tissue pain, and brain dysfunction. Follow ing is t he fir st st or y for u nder st anding t he fundamental m et abolic derangement in cancer. A man has three pounds of grapes. He offers one pound of t hose grapes t o a m ar at h on r u nn er , t he second pou nd t o a hum an canary, and t he t hird pound t o a brewer. The fat e of t hose t hree port ions of grapes in m y v iew t ell t h e st or y of dist u r bed cellu lar energet ics in cancer bet t er t han anyt hing else I have read or heard in m y st udy of cancer during the last 46 years. Th e m ar at hon r un ner ' s m et abolism is opt im ized for su per ior cellu lar ener get ics. His "oxyphile" cells love oxygen. The grapes will turn int o j u ice in his m out h , an d t h at j u ice w ill be rapidly absorbed from his st om ach. I n t he liver, m uscles, and ot h er t issues of t h e body , t h e grapes will be readily turned into: 1.Clean energy; 2.Clean water; 3.Clean carbon dioxide; and 4.Extremely small amounts of acids. The m ar at hon r unner w ill use t he clean energy to maintain his superb health. He will use clean w at er t o h y dr at e h im self for pr eser v in g cellu lar ener get ics. He w ill br eat h e out car bon dioxide, and w ill prom pt ly ex pel t he ext r em ely sm all am ount s of acids t hrough his kidneys. The end r esu lt : t h e gr apes ener gize h im w it h ou t creat ing any residue of t oxic acids. I n m et abolic t erm s, he w ill ext ract about 30 unit s of cellular energy from every unit of t he grape sugars. This is called t h e r espir at or y m ode of cellu lar energetics (ATP production, in technical terms).* The fate of the second pound of grapes in t he body of t he hum an canary will be different . Since the oxygen order of life in a human canary h as been dist u r bed, t h e defect iv e m et abolic m achinery of t hat person w ill not m et abolize t he grapes as t he cells of t he m arat hon runner did. I ncom plet e breakdown of grape sugar will result in product ion of excess acids and alcohols. The exist ence of t his problem can be readily proven by m easuring t he increased urinary excret ion of those substances (discussed later in this book). Ex cess of t ox ic acids an d alcoh ols produced from incom plet e com bust ion of grape sugars will furt her clog t he oxygen m achinery of cells. As a consequence, t he canary w ill develop yet m ore fat igue, t issue pain, and brain fog. I m ight poin t ou t h er e t h at near ly all clinical pr oblem s of hu m an can ar ies can be r esolv ed. Hum an can ar ies get w ell w hen all elem ent s block ing t heir ox y gen m et abolism ar e sy st em at ically iden t ified and effect iv ely addressed. The m ar at hon r unn er in t h e r espir at or y energy m ode of m et abolism w ill be energized by grapes, but t he hum an canary w ill be sever ely de- en er gized by gr apes becau se t h e can ar y ' s m et abolism h as been degr aded t o a par t ially fer m ent at iv e m ode w it h alcoh ol and acid pr odu ct ion . Un der st andin g t his differ ence bet w een t he cellular energet ics of t he m arat hon r un ner an d a h um an canar y in m y v iew is cr u cially im por t an t for un der st andin g t he cor e ener gy dy sfu n ct ion in cancer : a can cer cell can not u t ilize ox y gen pr oper ly an d pr odu ces large quantities of toxic acids and alcohols. Next, let us consider what happens to the pound of grapes given t o a brewer, w ho crushes t hem an d adds t o t hem his m icr obes for
* I n biochem ist r y t er m s, one m ole of glucose w ill y ield about t hirt y m oles of ATP m olecules ( cellular energy currency) in t he hu m an r espir at or y m ode an d only t w o m oles of ATP in t he microbial fermentative mode.

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 16 CLEAN ENERGETICS, DIRTY ENERGETICS Th e nor m al hu m an ox y gen - dr iv en m et abolism t h e r espir at or y en er gy ( ATP) product ion m odel is cleaner, far m ore efficient , and y ields lar ger am ou nt s of u sable en er gy . Fer m ent at ion, by cont r ast , is far less efficient , ' dir t ier ' in t h e sense of pr odu cing acids an d alcohols, and yields far less usable energy t wo versus t hirt y unit s, as indicat ed earlier . This is explained by t he exist ence of a far m ore diverse enzy m e ar sen al of ox y ph ilic hu m an cells t han t hat of cancer cells, oxyphobic m icrobes, and a cer t ain nu m ber of cells in h um an can ar ies. Hum ans have m ost of t he ferm ent at ive enzym es of microbes; the oxyphobic bugs, by contrast, do n ot h av e t he h um an en zy m es n ecessar y for complete digestion of foods. Enzymes, of course, ar e cat aly st s of m et abolic r eact ion s in liv in g beings. To sum m ar ize, near ly all cells of t h e marathon runner love oxygen and hate acidity. A v ar iable n um ber of cells of a hu m an can ar y becom e ox y gen- shy , com prom ising t he cellular energetics. Under ordinary conditions, oxyphobic m icrobes hat e oxygen and love acid. Also, under ordinary conditions, cancer cells hate oxygen and love acid. The im port ant difference bet w een t he cellular energet ics of a person w it h cancer and a hum an canary is t his: All cancer cells in a t um or m ass hav e ox y gen dy sfun ct ion , w h er eas a v ar iable n um ber of t h e canar y cells st ill h av e healt hy oxygen m et abolism . I n m y experience, t he larger t he num ber of dy sfunct ional cells in the body, the more disabled a human canary. THE PHOTOGRAPHER AND HIS ROSES My second st or y concer n s t h e secon d m ost im por t ant issu e in t h e field of cancer : u nfalt er in g focus on all t he elem en t s t hat t hr eat en ox y gen or der of t he body in an indiv idu al w it h can cer . Wh at is r equ ir ed is a diligent and syst em at ic search for all t he visible and invisible sources of t oxins t hat inact ivat e or dest roy enzym es t hat are driven by oxygen for opt im al cellular energet ics. The m aj or groups of t ox in s in t h e cont ex t of cancer in clude m y cot ox ins, t ox ic m et als ( m er cu r y , lead, alum inum , and ot her s) , car cinogenic pest icides and h er bicides, and sy n t het ic env ir on m en t al pollu t an t s. I t is r egr et t able t hat t hose cr ucial issues ar e seldom , if ev er , giv en du e con sider at ion in hospit al t um or boar d an d oncology conferences. I know t hat . For several years I m oderat ed t hose conferences. During 33 y ear s of m y hospit al w or k , I do not recall any oncologist ever raising the issue of the total body burden of m ercury and ot her t oxic m et als in his plans of t r eat ing cancer . Nor of env ir onm ent al pollu t an t s an d how t o r em ov e t hem fr om t h e body . I ndeed, t he discussion of t hose subj ect s was never allowed in hospital conferences. My second story is intended to emphasize t he need for diligent search for all elem ent s t hat put in j eopar dy ox y gen m et abolism an d h om eost asis. Needless t o say , t he degr ee of st r ess on ox y gen h om eost asis in a giv en individual is det erm ined by t he cumulative load of all "oxygen-stressors." Here is that story. A m an had t w o passion s in his life: growing roses and photographing every aspect of h is plant s. I n t he m or n in g, h e su r v ey ed his plants with pride and joy before leaving for work. His evenings w ere devot ed t o a close scrut iny of h is flow er s an d t o t ak ing pict ur es. His r ose garden w as a delight t o behold for him , for his n eigh bor s, and for passer sby . A t r oubled t eenager in t h e neigh bor hood oft en saw him engr ossed w it h h is r ose bushes. On e day , h e planned a cruel t rick on t he m an. During a rainy night , he heavily sprayed t he rose plant s wit h a potent herbicide. The next m orning, t he m an not iced t hat the flowers on some plants seemed different. The soil w as obviously w et and t he plant s w ere w ellhydrat ed. 'Why do t hose flow ers look different ?' h e m u m bled t o him self. He br ou gh t ou t his cam era from t he house and snapped pict ures of t hose flow er s. Th en h e w ent t o w or k . On his ret urn from w ork, he not iced t hat som e flowers were wilting. Troubled by that sight, he went into t he house, grabbed his cam era, and shot m any more pictures of the wilting roses. Next, he spent h ou r s in dev eloping t hose pict u r es an d scr ut inizin g t h em for clues t o w h at ailed his flow er s. He w as disappoint ed. He slept fit fu lly t hat nigh t , aw ok e ear ly n ex t m or ning, an d r ushed ou t . He w as j olt ed by t h e sight of his garden. Many m ore flow ers had w ilt ed and som e leaves w ere brow ning. Alarm ed, he held som e of the leaves in his hands and wondered about what h ad h appen ed. Ther e w as n o m ist ak in g it . Something was terribly wrong with all of his rose bushes. He ran t o t he house, pulled his cam era, and shot several more rolls of film. Baffled and deeply saddened, he went t o w ork. All day he rem ained dist raught , his m ind

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17 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER returning to his roses every few minutes. He took off early from work and w as horrified at t he first glance at his garden. All of his beloved flowers w er e dead. Most leav es had br ow n ed out . All plant s drooped. 'Oh, m y God! ' he cried and t hen held his head in agony. Dazed, he looked at t he dying plants for long minutes. Then he rushed in, brought out his cam era, and began a frenzy of shoot in g pict u r es. Again he spen t hour s dev eloping ph ot ogr aphs and ex am in ing t hem w it h a m agnify ing glass. Ther e w er e n o clues. That night he did not sleep. Nor could he go t o work t he next day. All day long, he looked at his dead plan t s an d at t he ph ot ogr aphs of t h ose plant s. Beside him self w it h insufferable sorrow , h e t ook y et m or e ph ot ogr aphs and spen t y et m ore hours searching for clues t o t he deat h of his roses. He found none. More days passed. He kept st aring at his dead garden, t aking yet m ore pict u r es, an d pou r ing ov er t hem w it h his magnifying lens. Du r ing t h e 29 y ear s of m y w or k as a h ospit al pat hologist , I saw on cologist s, radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists engaged in spr ees of shoot ing pict ur es CAT an d PET scans, ult rasounds, phot om icrographs of biopsy t issues wit h nary a m ent ion of t he real cellular m et abolic disast ers t hat w ere lit erally devouring their patients from within. After the patients died follow in g ch em ot h er apy and r adiot her apy , w e per for m ed au t opsy ex am in at ion s an d t ook y et m or e pict u r es of dead and dy in g t issu es. Th e purpose w as t o cert ify t hat , based on w hat we had discovered, t he pat ient had t o die and t he clinicians h ad done ' all' t h at cou ld hav e been don e. Bu t , w as t h at r eally t r u e? Nu t r it ion al, h er bal, an d det ox t her apies, of cou r se, w er e never mentioned. I was the chief pathologist in the hospital. No, no oncologist ever asked m e t o change m y aut opsy findin gs t o ex oner at e him . No dir ect w or ds t o t h at effect w er e ev er spok en. I t w as sim ply u nder st ood t h at t he aut opsy fin dings were t o be present ed in such a fashion t hat all questions about the appropriateness of care were cat egorically squashed. Then I did not recognize t he full dynam ics of happenings in t he m orgue, but now I do. We w er e lik e t h at phot ogr aph er r elen t lessly engaged in a fr en zy of snapping pict ures, t irelessly st ar ing at t hem in fut ile effort s t o underst and w hat was happening t o ou r pat ient s. Th at w as follow ed by m or e sur ger y , m or e chem ot h er apy , and m or e r adiot her apy. The special nut r it ional and det ox n eeds of per sons m ade v er y sick by chem ot h er apy an d r adiot h er apy w er e nev er spok en abou t . No one ev er dar ed t o ut t er t he word healing. There was no consciousness of the possibilities of healing for some of those patients through a serious study of their deranged cellular ener get ics an d by r est or in g t h e ox y gen h om eost asis. We w er e doct or s, doin g ou r doct oring t hing business as usual. PANTOTROPHA: A METABOLIC TWO-TIMER I use t h e t hir d st or y of t he m icr obe Pant ot ropha t o illust rat e t he core elem ent of t he Oxygen Prot ocol for t reat ing cancer t he design for an in t egr at iv e t r eat m ent plan for coax in g cancer cells to abandon their malignant behavior. This is an area in w hich t he m ost inj ust ice has been don e t o per son s w it h cancer . All public funds allocat ed t o cancer resear ch for decades h av e been t ot ally con t r olled by the chem ot herapy indust ry, direct ly or indirect ly. At r ecen t com m encem ent ex er cises at Capit al Univ ersit y of I nt egrat ive Medicine, Washingt on, D.C., Congressw om an Const ance Morella t old us t hat her Congressional Com m it t ee has allocat ed about $110 m illion for research in t he so- called alt ernat ive m edicine. Not one dollar of t hat t o m y k n ow ledge w en t t o an y alt er nat iv e or int egr at iv e clinician for con du ct ing ou t com e studies of integrative management plans. Pant ot ropha is a m et abolic t w o- t im er a m icr obial species t hat is h igh ly sk illful in ext ract ion of energy from sew age w hen oxygen is essen t ially absen t an d also w h en ox y gen is av ailable. Fir st ident ified in 19 83 in sew age plant s, t h is m icr obe can ener gize it self w it h sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the absence of oxygen. When oxygen is available, it sw it ches t o an ox y gen- dr iv en m et abolism m ode an d efficient ly ext ract s energy from a w ide array of inorganic substances by aerobic respiration. Evident ly, t he bug is wise in t he w ays of m an aging it s genet ic pool t o ser v e du al r oles under changing conditions of oxygen availability. I ndeed, in sew age plant s, burst s of oxygen are introduced periodically to invigorate this microbe for enhanced sewage treatment. It is noteworthy in t h is con t ex t t h at t h er e ar e m an y ot her microbial metabolic two-timers. Can a cancer cell, like pant ot ropha, be a m et abolic t w o- t im er t hriving in t he absence of

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 18 oxygen but also able t o do w ell w hen oxygen is present ? Ot t o Warburg, a Germ an chem ist w ho won two Nobel Prizes for his discovery of oxygenand h y dr ogen - t r an sfer r in g en zy m es, asser t ed t hat cann ot be so. Fully in aw e of his achievem ent s, I believe he was off t he m ark on t his accou nt . I see st r on g clinical ev idence ( pr esen t ed below ) t hat a cancer cell can be a m et abolic t w o- t im er . Un der cer t ain con dit ion s, can cer cells do abandon t h eir ox y gen- h at in g behavior and join the community of peaceful cells with physiological mode of metabolism. Th e singu lar ch allen ge in t he field of can cer in m y v iew is t his: Can w e cr eat e oxygen conditions in the body that coax a cancer cell t o st op h at ing ox y gen and r et u r n t o t h e n or m al ox y gen - dr iv en cellular en er get ics? I n ot her w or ds, can cancer cells be per suaded t o swit ch fr om a m icrobe- lik e ferm ent at ive t o t he physiologic respirat ory m ode of ATP product ion? That is a t ant alizing possibilit y. But w hat m ay be realistically hoped for here? My pat ien t s w it h pr ost at e can cer h av e convinced m e t hat it is possible in m ost cases t o create microecologic conditions in which prostate cancer cells abandon t heir dest ruct ive behavior for ext ended periods of t im e. That w as t he case w it h near ly all m y pat ien t s w it h ch r onic ly m ph ocy t ic leu k em ia. Ev er y phy sician w h o r egular ly t reat s cancer k now s of at least som e inst an ces in w hich his pat ient s den ied t h e m edical prognosis and lived act ive lives for long y ear s. Ph y sician s w ho v igor ously pr escr ibe n ut r ient , her bal, ox y gen , and spir it ual approaches know som et hing m ore im port ant : A good num ber of t heir pat ient s did well for years when t hey w ere able t o follow sound program s, and det eriorat ed rapidly w hen t hey revert ed t o old w ay s of consu m ing sugar ( a pot ent acid pr odu cer ) an d t ox ic foods ( t hat disr u pt bow el ecology) , and allow ing increm ent al exposure t o environmental toxins (that overburden the liver), and engaging in t ox ic t hought s ( nursing anger and a sense of being victims). The cancer literature includes descriptions of a lar ge n um ber of pr ogr am s for t r eat in g can cer w it hou t ch em ot h er apy and/ or r adiot h er apy , in clu din g t h ose pu blish ed by Gershon, Kelley, Pauling, and ot hers. The crucial point t here is: When one crit ically exam ines t he com ponent s of all t hose program s, t he com m on den om inat or is im pr ov em ent of ox y gen u t ilizat ion in cells, t hough n on e of t hem r ecogn ized ox ygen h om eost asis as the cen t er piece of t he pr ogr am . Th at r ecogn it ion encouraged me to continue to pursue the Oxygen Model for understanding and the Oxygen Protocol for treating cancer during many periods of doubt and uncertainty. AN OVARIAN CANCER, TWENTY YEARS LATER I n 1 99 5 , in RDA: Rat s, Dr ugs an d Assum pt ion s, I descr ibed a case st udy of an ovarian cancer in a young wom an. I t w as t oo far advanced t o be rem oved com plet ely at surgery. I nexplicably, it shrank and st ayed as a dorm ant m ass in t he pelv is for t w en t y y ear s. Below , I reproduce som e t ext from t hat book relat ing t o that case history.
One day I f inish ed t he fir st dr aft of t h is chapter, David Landers, M.D., a good friend and a past Direct or of Gynecology and Obst et rics at our hospit al, cam e t o r ev iew t he pat hology slides of a case. The pat ient was a 44- year- old wom an when he rem oved and I diagnosed a highly aggressive ovarian cancer in 19 74 . Th e cancer had alr eady br ok en t hr ou gh t he surface of t he ov ary an ex t r em ely poor prognost ic sign ( in m ainst ream t hinking) , since it indicat es t he spr ead of t h e t um or t o t h e v ar ious cr ev ices of perit oneum t hat line t he inside of t he abdom en like a cont in uous sh eat h . I t is gen er ally accept ed as an indication that the cancer is beyond surgical cure. The pat ien t w as giv en r adiot her apy aft er her su r gical wound healed. Three years lat er, Dave explored her abdom en as a " second- look" operat ion and found no evidence of residual neoplasm. Now , in 1994 t w ent y year s aft er t he init ial sur ger y I diagnosed cancer on a needle aspir at ion biopsy of a sm all area of t issue t hickening around t he rect um observed wit h a CAT scan. What puzzled Dave m ost w as t hat h e had been aw ar e of t h is ar ea of t hickening for a few y ear s. I t hadn't changed in it s m easur em ent s an d caused no discom for t f or t he pat ient . A few days lat er, he rem oved t he t hickened t issues along w it h t h e segm ent of r ect u m t h at t he t um or had invaded. I asked m y st aff t o pull out t he 1974 tumor slides and compared them with the tumor excised in 1994. Except for som e color fading in t he slides of t he init ial t u m or , t h e t w o t u m or s look ed exactly the same. I asked Dave how m ight we underst and such a case. Were there any clinical clues to the behavior of the tumor? It was a highly malignant tumor that broke t hrough t he surface of t he ovary t went y years earlier, seeding t he abdom inal cavit y. I n 1977, t he operat ive search for any residual tumor was negative. Where did the present tumor come from? If it was there all those y ear s, w hy did it r em ain dor m ant deep in t he

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19 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER

pelv is for so lon g? Dav e k new t h at t h e t issue t h ick enin g a now pr ov en and h ighly m alignant cancer was t here for a few years. What was holding it back ? I m m u ne sur v eillance? That 's t he u su al answer. But what caused t he im m une surveillance t o break down in som e people and not in ot hers? Dave offered advancing age as a possible explanation.

The cases like t he one described are not rare. Every senior pat hologist can recall several cases in w hich a h igh ly m align an t can cer inexplicably becam e a 'sleeping dog' for years or decades. I do not believ e such cases can be understood except through a clear understanding of t he basic nat ure of t he oxygen derangem ent in cancer. Som e readers m ight wonder w hy I do not focus on genetic mutations in such cases. My sim ple answ er is t his: Highly m alignant cancers have hundreds, if not t housands, of m ut at ions, and it is w ell- est ablish ed t h at t he n u m ber of t hose m ut at ions cont inues t o increase w it h t im e by a pr ocess called gen et ic in st abilit y . Som e st r on g in flu en ces h av e t o be applied t o ar r est t hat pr ocess. Th at in fluen ce is in m y view none other than oxygen. SPONTANEOUS REMISSION OF CANCER When I was a young surgeon- in- t raining, I saw m y pr ofessor s sn ick er at t h e subj ect of spontaneous remission. So I learned to snicker at it t oo. ( I h av e som et im es w onder ed if apprent ices in any ot her profession ever becom e so blind in their subservience to their masters as in surgical disciplines.) Years lat er, I found out t hat som e doct or s, in clu ding pr ofessor s, do becom e open t o t he possibilit y of spont aneous r em ission of cancer . That happens only w hen they themselves develop cancers. What is spontaneous remission of cancer? I t is a t er m u sed w h en cancer ous t um or s disappear w it hou t m edical t r eat m ent , or w h en t um or s sh r in k or disappear sev er al m ont hs or som e y ear s aft er ch em ot h er apy and/ or radiot herapy had failed com plet ely. For a person w it h cancer , w hat can be bet t er t han spontaneous remission? If that is so, why should we physicians be so irked by the very mention of t hat ? One explanat ion is t hat w e are afraid t hat adm ission of spont aneous rem ission of a cancer, aft er w e h ad failed m iser ably , dim inishes ou r aut hor it y or st at u s and, of cour se, ou r livelihood. Another explanation is that physicians com m only see t he devast at ing consequences of delayed t reat m ent of cancer when pat ient s lose

v aluable t im e w ait ing for spont aneous healing. So physicians dism iss spont aneous rem ission as a dangerous form of denial by t he pat ient or, w or se, a case of deliber at e decept ion by pract it ioners w ho denounce t radit ional t herapies for can cer . Th at is a r eal issu e. I hav e also encou n t er ed such cases, r egr et t ably qu it e fr equ en t ly , w h en t h e possibilit y of cur at iv e sur ger y w as lost u nder t h e gu idance of illinformed advisers. Sidest eppin g t hose issu es, the phenomenon of spontaneous remission, however uncom m on, gives us crucially im port ant insight s int o t h e beh av ior of cancer s u nder cer t ain con dit ions. I t len ds addit ional su ppor t for m y view that the biologic behavior of cancer changes for t he bet t er under cert ain condit ions. I believe t hat occur s in m ost , if n ot all, cases because changes in cellular m icr oenv ir onm ent coax t he cancer cells t o relinquish t heir t wo- t im er habit s and st ay fait hful t o nor m al ox ygen m et abolism with respiratory ATP production. AN INSIGHTFUL EXAMPLE OF SPONTANEOUS REMISSION: PREGNANCY CURES A CANCER Let us consider the example of the cancer t hat can be coun t ed u pon for alt er in g it s malignant behavior and joining the community of healt hy cells t hat surround it . That is t he case of t he cancer t hat arises in t he lining of t he ut erus in young wom en w ho repeat edly m iss ovulat ion. I f su ch a cancer is show n t o ex per ien ced pat hologist s w it hout giv ing t hem det ails of t he clinical present at ion of t he case, t hey cannot t ell it apart from highly m alignant and fat al ( if not r em ov ed ex pedit iou sly ) cancer s in w om en w it hout pr oblem s of ov u lat ion. An d y et , t his can cer can be coun t ed u pon t o un der go spont aneous r em ission w hen pr egnancy occur s and t he ut erine lining harboring it prepares it self for car r y ing pr egnancy . How m ar v elous! Pregnancy cures a cancer! How m ay w e ex plain t he beh av ior of m alignan t cells in su ch a can cer ? Ev ident ly , concept ion does not phy sically er adicat e every sin gle can cer ou s cell in such a case. Rat h er , gest at ion alt ers t he m icroecologic condit ions so they can no longer support destructive malignant beh av ior . Wit h ch an gin g hor m onal influ ences, som e fer m ent at iv e- t o- r espir at or y ( FTR) sh ift m ust occu r for t he cells t o r et u r n t o t h eir healthful oxygen order.

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 20 I n t he con t ex t of ch an ging behav ior of cancerous cells, I have been m ost im pressed by a group of about 30 pat ient s w it h biopsy- proven prost at ic cancers w hom I m anaged w it h prim ary focus on dir ect ox y st at ic t h er apies ( descr ibed lat er in t his book) for one t o fift een years. All of t hem had refused surgery and radiot herapy for t heir cancers. Most of t hem did not receive any synt het ic horm onal int ervent ion. Som e of t hem r eceiv ed such t r eat m ent for sh or t per iods of t im e. Many of t hem used soy- derived and ot her phy t ofact or s in t er m it t en t ly . As det er m in ed by dir ect r ect al ex am inat ion, t heir t u m or s h av e shr un k en or r em ained u nchan ged. Th ey h av e show n no ot her clinical or laborat ory evidence of progression of disease with therapies designed to m aint ain oxygen equilibrium and preserve t heir ant iox idan t defen ses. I t h as been clear t o m e that the prostatic lesions diagnosed histologically as cancer s did n ot m et abolically behav e lik e m alignan t neoplasm s. Th e ex cept ion t o t hat fav or able ou t com e occur r ed in less t h an fiv e per cent of cases. I n som e cases, bon e scan s show ed m et ast ases and t he PSA values were in t he h un dr eds. St ill, t h ey r espon ded t o t h e t herapy and PSA values ret urned t o norm al ( or very close to the normal) range. CANCER CONTROL WITH ENERGY THERAPIES Wor k w it h elect r icit y offer s fu r t her suppor t for m y v iew , t h ou gh t he ev iden ce is indirect and lim it ed at t his t im e. The behavior of cancers can be posit ively alt ered in som e cases. Nikola Tesla ( 1856- 1943) , t he Serbian invent or of AC cur r en t , con sider ed h u m ans as elect r ic beings. He regarded diseases as dist urbances in t he ener gy fields of t he body. How fascinat ing t hat one of t he great est invent ors of t he West should com e t o t h e sam e con clu sion abou t diseases as did the ancient Chinese who mapped out acupuncture meridians! Tesla left no clear record of having treated cancer w it h elect ric energy. How ever, his 'Tesla m achin e' h as cont in u ed t o spar k int er est ev er since. Over the decades, some 'Tesla enthusiasts' h av e claim ed t o hav e im pr ov ed t h e Tesla m achine an d obt ained good r esu lt s t r eat in g cancer w it h it . I have personally observed only lim it ed benefit s so far am on g som e pat ient s t reat ed w it h t hat approach. How ever, I have a st r on g sen se t hat Tesla w as r igh t in h is basic premise. Can t he cellular ener get ics in cancer be r est or ed t o nor m alcy for lon g per iods of t im e w it h t he Tesla approach? I believe t hat can be ach iev ed if su fficien t fun ding can be m ade av ailable for t echn ical en hancem ent s an d ex t en ded clin ical t r ials. I n deed, I see Tesla therapeutics playing an important role in treating cancer in t he fut ure. I have good reason for m y belief. I n 1 94 9 , t h e Am er ican Jou r n al of Obst et r ics an d Gy necology * r epor t ed t h e ex ist ence of a st r ong n egat iv e char ge on t h e cancer cells in a t um or of t he ut erine cervix. Ten years lat er, Science** reported control of cancer by norm alizat ion of t he surface charge of cancer cells in m ice. Regr et t ably , t h ose en or m ou sly significant leads were not followed. Why? Because in t he Unit ed St at es, t he phar m aceut ical in du st r y det er m ines w h ich r esear ch leads ar e funded and w hich ones ar e killed. And, of course, t here are no drug dollars t o be m ade by cont rolling cancer by norm alizing cancer cell surface charges. I hav e n o dou bt t hat ot h er for m s of ener gy ligh t , sou n d, and ot her s w ill be h ar nessed in t h e fu t u r e t o t r eat cancer by correct ing t he basic st at e of oxygen disorder in can cer cells. Pr ogr ess in n anot ech n ology has already spaw ned t he new field of sonocytology, in w h ich im por t an t adv an ces ar e bein g m ade. Soun d, fir st and for em ost , is a pr essur e w av e cr eat ed by som e for ce im pact ing on m olecules that spreads and is registered when it strikes the eardrum . Why w ould we not expect t hat healt hy cells, can cer cells, and ev en m icr obes cr eat e som e pr essur e w av es, no m at t er h ow w eak ? Atomic force microscope (AFM) is the name given t o t h e nan ot echn ology dev ice design ed t o measure sounds made by individual cells. I might m en t ion her e for t h e gener al int er est of t h e r eader t h at pu lsat ion s of ev en t he sm allest of cells have been recorded. I n som e cases, t hose vibrat ions m ake t he cell walls rise and fall t hree or m ore nanom et ers about fift een carbon at om s st acked on t op of each ot her at t he ast onishing rat e of up t o 1,000 t im es per second. Wit h such sophist icat ion in t echnology, sonar t herapies for cancer may not be in too distant a future.
* Langm an LJ, Burr H S. A t echnique t o aid in t he det ect ion of m alignancy of t h e fem ale gen it al t r act . Am J Obst et Gy necol 1949; 57:274-81. * * Hum phr ey CE, Seal EH. Biophysical approach t ow ar d t um or regression in mice. Science 1959;130:388.

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21 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER I s it likely t hat som eone at som e fut ure dat e will propose an " Energy Model" of cancer in which one or more forms of energy will be shown t o drive t he oxygen order of life in healt h and t he developm ent of cancer as a disorder in t he energy fields? Yes, t hat is possible. How ever, I believe t hat will not invalidat e t he Oxygen Model of cancer an d t h e Ox y gen Pr ot ocol, but w ill merely extend those models. CHEMOTHERAPY WORSENS OXYGEN DYSFUNCTION IN CANCER Th e m ain r eason ch em ot h er apy has a dism al record is t hat it does not address any of t he cr it ical issues of der anged oxygen order in can cer cells. Th e m ain t r agedy in t h e field of oncology is t hat oncologist s do not learn about t her apies t h at can su ppor t t he ox y gen metabolism during chemotherapy. Ch em ot h er apy w r eak s h av oc on t h e various aspect s of t he oxygen or der in healt hy cells. It does work well in most childhood cancers because in my v iew ch ildr en hav e an enor m ou s capacit y to w it h st and sev er e punishment to that oxygen order. Chemotherapy dr u gs sign ificant ly cont r ibu t e t o ox idosis ( t oo m uch ox idat iv e st r ess) , acidosis ( t oo m uch acidit y ) , an d dy sox y gen osis ( ox y gen dysfunct ion) in m any w ays. I t is for t hat reason t hat near ly all can cer s becom e m u ch m or e aggr essiv e and gr ow r apidly if t hey r et ur n following chemotherapy. Aft er over six decades of int ensive w ork w it h ch em ot h er apy agent s all ov er t h e country as clearly show n by nat ional st at ist ics cited in the preceding chapter I see no evidence t hat any of t he available chem o drugs can bring for t h t he necessar y fer m ent at ive- t o- respirat or y shift . I ndeed, all cu r r ent ly u sed chem o dr ugs incr ease t he degr ee of t h e cr u cial en er get ic disorder in cancer: the microbe-like fermentative m et abolism . By cont rast , I see m uch hope in t he new er drugs t hat rest ore norm al oxygen- driven cellu lar com m un icat ion s. I r ecogn ize m uch pot en t ial in t h e clin ical ben efit s of an t ibodies direct ed against signaling m olecules t hat sust ain and perpet uat e m alignant cell replicat ion. Som e not able exam ples of such agent s are t he new er dr u gs, inclu din g Gleev ec, I r essa, Her cept in , Rit ux in, Av ast in, an d ot her s. But , t her e is som et hing far m ore im port ant of int erest here: good old oxygen. OXIDATIVE THEORY OF CANCER I n 1958, in King Edw ard Medical College, Lahore, I lear ned m y fir st definit ion of cancer: uncont rolled m ult iplicat ion of cells w hich, if not r em ov ed pr om pt ly by a su r gical pr ocedu r e, proves fat al. Many fact ors viruses, par asit es, and chem icals, su ch as t h ose in ch im ney soot w er e t h ou ght t o be inv olv ed in t h e causat ion of cancer. But w hat I rem em ber m ost is t hat none of t he professors ever t old us t hat sh e/ he k new w h at w as t he causat iv e fact or in any of t he hundreds of pat ient s w it h cancer w e saw . I t w as alw ay s en igm at ic. Th at did not change during t he years of m y surgical t raining in En glan d. Du r ing 2 9 y ear s of m y pat h ology w ork in t he Unit ed St at es, t he lit erat ure on t he causat ion of cancer grew enorm ously t o a point t hat no on e ev er t h ou gh t it could be r ead in t w ent y lifet im es, let alon e in one. I ndeed, it becam e a t aboo subj ect . Older doct or s w er e sim ply am used whenever any int ern or resident brought up t he quest ion of w hat causes cancer. That rem ains t he w ay t hings are in t he hospit als even now. I n 1 99 5, I su r v ey ed a lar ge body of studies on the subject of the cause of cancer and r ecogn ized one com m on denom inat or in all pr oposed or pu t at iv e m echan ism s of car cin ogen esis: m olecu lar ox idat iv e in j u r y . Ox idat ion is a pr ocess of degr adat ion an d decay loss of elect r on s ( en er gy ) in scien t ific j ar gon . Th at y ear , in Rat s, Dr ugs an d Assumptions, I put fort h m y oxidat ive t heory of can cer , su m m ar izing m y v iew t h at t oo m uch ( acceler at ed) ox idat iv e in j u r y is t he com m on pat hw ay in all know n phenom ena t hat set s t he st age for the dev elopm en t of cancer . Fur t her m ore, unr elent ing ox idat iv e st r ess fr om any and all causes is t he single m ost im port ant m echanism t hat favors t he growt h of m alignant tumors. THE OXYGEN THEORY OF CANCER I n 2 00 1 , look ing t hr ough t h e pr ism of oxygen hom eost asis, I ext ended t hat hypot hesis and offered the following definition of cancer: Cancer is dest r u ct iv e beh av ior of cells incit ed an d per pet u at ed by m an y fact or s t hat cum ulat iv ely lead t o an om alous ox y gen signalin g. It has six ot h er pr in cipal ch ar act er ist ics: ( 1 ) r espir at or y - t o- fer m ent at iv e ( RTF) shift in ATP product ion; ( 2) product ion of prodigious quant it ies of organic acids lact ic acid

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 22 and ot h er s; ( 3 ) cr eat ion of a cocoon of coagu lat ed pr ot eins ar ou nd m align an t cells t o exclude funct ioning host im m une cells and t heir soluble defense m olecu les; ( 4 ) un cont r olled cellu lar r eplicat ion t hat disr u pt s local t issu e architecture; (5) colonization of distant tissues in which the destructive behavior of neoplastic cells cont inues; and ( 6) un der cer t ain condit ion s, a cancer cell can be coaxed to alter its behavior. Coax ed t o alt er it s behav ior ! Fr om a clinical standpoint, this last attribute of cancer, in m y view , sh ould be accept ed as t h e sin gu lar aspect of int erest , bot h for t he pat ient and t he practitioner. Except w hen a cancer is t ot ally rem oved by a surgical procedure, t he long- t erm out com e with cancer therapies depends on how effectively oxygen hom eost asis is achieved and preserved. This st at em ent m ay r aise som e ey ebr ow s. But t his conclusion seem s inescapable t o m e in light of per sonal pat hologic, clinical, an d r esear ch observations. A m aj or st r en gt h of t h e ox y genat iv edy sox y genat ive ( OD) m odel of car cin ogen esis in m y v iew is t h at it is fu lly con sist ent w it h t he focus of War bu r g on gly coly sis; of Pau lin g on an t iox idant s; and of ot h er s on en v ir on m en t al, v ir al, and genet ic fact ors in considering t he et iology and t reat m ent of cancer. I n Figur e 1, I schem at ically pr esent t he t hr ee essent ials of t he ox y gen m odel of cancer: acidosis, oxidosis, and dysoxygenosis. CANCER CELLS PUNISH NONCANCEROUS CELLS A cancer severely punishes healt hy cells t hat com e in it s way. Cancerous cells sm ear t he su r faces of n oncancer ou s cells w it h t heir t ox ic acids block in g t h eir m em br ane chan nels, recept ors, and pum ps. They clot prot eins in t he fluids t hat bat he noncancerous cells, and so rob t hem of t heir nour ish m ent . Th e pr ocess of pr ot ein clot t in g also r edu ces blood an d ly m ph flow in healt hy t issues, so devit alizing t hem . By t hose and ot her nefarious act ivit ies, cancer cells also cause m ut at ions in genes of noncancerous cells. The cum ulat iv e r esu lt s of all t h ose phenom en a is deox y gen at ion of noncancer ou s cells. I n ot her w ords, cancer cells cause cancerlik e m et abolic ch an ges in noncancer ou s cells, and then literally cannibalize them. The full im pact on oxygen hom eost asis of n or m al cells ly in g close t o m align ant cells is seldom fully appreciat ed in discussions of cancer biology. This is not m erely a t heoret ical concern. I t is t he abilit y of cancer cells t o dev it alize sur r oun din g healt hy cells an d t h e abilit y of h ealt h y cells t o su bdu e cancer cells by t h eir oxy gen- dr iven m et abolism t hat det er m ines t he long-term outcome in the treatment of cancer. In m y view , t his is a crucial issue when t he goal is alt ering t he behavior of m alignant cells. I n t he bat t le bet w een cancer and noncancer cells, t he outcome does not merely depend on the genomic char act er ist ics of m alignan t cells, as is bein g increasingly claim ed in oncology circles, but also on the metabolic resilience of the host cells. By inflict ing in cr em en t al ox idat iv e an d dy sox y genat iv e st r ess m y t er m for influ ences that cause oxygen dysfunction, not merely a lack of ox y gen cancer cells lit er ally ' m et abolically dehum anize' noncancerous cells, prom ot ing t he r espir at or y - t o- fer m ent at iv e shift t h at I h av e pr ev iously descr ibed in t h e cells of hu m an can ar ies. Ev ident ly, can cer cells t h r iv e in ox idat iv e- dy sox y genat iv e condit ion s, w h er eas h ost cells at t em pt ing t o cor don t h em off ar e suffocat ed by t h ose m icr oecologic con dit ions. Thu s, I believ e t his ex plain s a com m on obser v at ion in int egr at iv e pr act ices: Man y pat ient s w it h cancer w ho clinically do w ell w it h vigorous adherence t o int egrat ive m anagem ent pr ogr am s ( t h at pr eser v e ox y gen h om eost asis and redox equilibrium ) det eriorat e rapidly when they abandon such therapies. WARBURG WAS RIGHT, WARBURG WAS OFF THE MARK The German chemist Otto Warburg clearly and em ph at ically designat ed t he fer m en t at iv e m et abolism of a cancer cell as it s fundamental m et abolic lesion . That , of cou r se, w as an enorm ous cont ribut ion t o our underst anding of cellu lar ener get ics of cancer . I begin m y definit ion of cancer wit h t he ferm ent at ive aspect of t he m et abolism of a cancer cell t o recognize t h at cont r ibu t ion, as w ell as t o em phasize t he cr u cial clin ical sign ificance of War bur g' s assertion. War bur g t ook pains t o un der scor e his n ot ion of t h e ir r ev er sibilit y of t he m et abolic ( glycolyt ic) shift in cancer. That not ion it seem s t o m e is open t o quest ion. Warburg w rot e: *
* See Dysoxygenosis and Oxyst at ic Therapies, t he t hird volum e of The Principles and Pract ice of I nt egrat ive Medicine, for t his and other citations.

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23 - A Snapshot of Cancer - Taken from the book OXYGEN and CANCER

For cancer form at ion t here is necessary not only an irreversible dam aging of respirat ion but also an incr ease in fer m en t at ion in deed, such an incr ease of t he fer m ent at ion t hat t he failure of respiration is compensated for energetically.

Fully in aw e of Warburg's cont ribut ion t o t he field, h er e I ex pr ess m y opposit ion t o his v iew of ir r ev er sibilit y of can cer . My pr im ar y ar gum ent against War bu r g's v iew is t h e ex per ien ce of m an y of m y pat ient s w ho h av e liv ed an d ar e liv in g lon g h ealt h fu l liv es w it h ox y st at ic t h er apies, and w it h ou t su r ger y , radiot herapy, or chem ot herapy, years aft er t he init ial diagnosis. Sim ilar cases are not unknow n to integrative clinicians. I now underscore m y definit ion by clearly ident ify in g cancer as a " cellu lar beh av ior al disor der ." To u nder scor e t he core m et abolic derangem ent in cancer, I st at e t hat all dynam ics of a cancer fir st an d for em ost ar e dr iv en by der an ged ox y gen m et abolism design at ed as dysoxygenosis. Th is v iew of can cer , ev iden t ly , is at variance w it h a m ult it ude of ot hers t hat hold as com m on denom inat ors t he issues of genes and cascades of regulatory and downstream effectors initiated by mutated genes. In 1931, Warburg was awarded the Nobel Pr ize in m edicin e for h is discov er y of ox y gen t r ansfer r in g en zy m es. Thir t een y ear s lat er , h e won a second Nobel Prize for his delineat ion of h y dr ogen - t r an sfer r in g en zy m es. ( He w as prevent ed from receiving t hat prize by t he Hit ler r egim e becau se h e w as Jew ish .) Dur ing t hat per iod h e r ecognized t he ener get ic shift in m alignant cells alluded t o earlier. The following t wo quot es from his writ ings are not ew ort hy for t he succin ct ness of descr ipt ion of his v iew of cancer: Since t he respirat ion of all cancer cells is dam aged, our fir st qu est ion is, How can t h e r espir at ion of body cells be in j u r ed? Of t his dam age t o respirat ion [ of cancer cells] , it can be said t h at at t he ou t set t hat it m u st be irreversible, since t he respirat ion of cancer cells never returns to normal. Warburg went on to designate the shift in t he oxygen- relat ed energet ics of a cancer cell as the prime cause of cancer, to which all secondary causes cont ribut e. Consider t he follow ing quot e from a special lect ure he delivered on June 30, 1966, at t he m eet ing of t he Nobel laureat es at Lindua, Germany:
Th er e ar e pr im e and secondar y cau ses of diseases...Cancer, above all ot her diseases, has countless secondary causes. Almost anything can cause cancer. But even for cancer, t here is only one prime cause.

War bur g, of cou r se, w as r efer r ing t o oxygen in t he above quot e. The im plicat ions of Warburg's not ion of t he fundam ent al difference bet w een t he m et abolism of a cancer cell and a n or m al cell w er e bot h pr ofou nd and clear . I t m eant t hat oxygen- relat ed issues m ust be in t he cen t er field in all con sider at ion s for t r eat in g can cer . I n it ially , War bu r g' s sem in al discov er y spar ked int ense int er est about t he pot ent ial of ox y gen t her apeu t ics for t h e t r eat m ent of m alignant neoplasm s am ong a large num ber of Eu r opean an d Am er ican clin ician s. Those t herapies included: ( 1) direct oxygenat ive ( nasal ox y gen , ox y gen bat h s, an d ot her s) ; an d ( 2 ) indir ect bio- ox idat iv e t her apies ( int r av en ou s infusions of ozone and hydrogen peroxide). WATCHFUL WAITING: Toxic Chemotherapy or Nothing At All I n 199 1 w hile w or k ing on The But t er fly and Life Span Nut rit ion, a physician- friend from Chicago called m e about h is w ife's h ealt h difficu lt ies. I t ook som e n ot es of t hat conversat ion and lat er added t he follow ing t ext to a chapter in the book:
My wife has an abnormal protein spike in her blood. Th e hem at ologist at t he m edical school t ells m e t here is not hing he can do now. 'Don't let a quack give her vit am ins,' he t old m e. 'When it t urns int o m yelom a ( a t ype of bone cancer) , we will hit her with chemotherapy.'

My friend had a choice of w ords for t his hem at ologist w hich are not print able in a book like this. On several occasions, I saw pat ient s w ho w ere t old t hey had prost at e cancer. Then t hey w er e adv ised a 'w at chful w ait ing' appr oach by t heir urologist s and oncologist s. Their responses w ere not m uch different t han of m y physicianfr ien d w hose w ife h ad a pr ot ein spik e in her blood. At our cent er, we have about 25 pat ient s who were diagnosed to have a form of leukemia. They w er e also adv ised a w at chfu l w ait in g approach unt il t heir blood count s rose enough t o be treated with chemotherapy. Th e abov e cases illu st r at e a 't ox ic- chem odr u gs- or - n ot h in g' m indset am ong doct or s. I t cont inues t o baffle m e why none of t hem ever m ake t he effort t o invest igat e nonchem ot herapy opt ion s t h at m igh t ex ist for such cases. I s it possible that none of them ever become aware of t he good clinical result s obt ained in m ost cases w it h nu t r it ional, h er bal, det ox , and spir it ual appr oach es? I f t h at w er e t r u e, t hat 's even a sadder cir cu m st an ce because it r eflect s v er y poorly on their clinical interests and abilities. But I know t hat is not t he case. I ndeed, I know for

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The Oxygen Model of Cancer - 24 fact t h at m any of m y pat ien t s y ear s lat er point edly t old t heir doct ors ( w ho had advised a w at ch ful w ait in g appr oach) t h eir su ccessfu l stories. Their doctors were not interested. Ent er t he Ox y gen Model of cancer ! This model renders untenable the deplorable advice of wat chful w ait ing for any form of cancer, or even any pr ecan cer ou s lesion. Sin ce an ox y gen disor der is t h e fu n dam ent al der an gem ent in cancer, and since m any useful t hings can alw ays be done t o t r y t o r est or e ox y gen equ ilibr iu m ( hom eost asis) , t he v er y idea of t elling any one t hat not hing can be done about her/ his cancer becomes absurd. CHANGING PSA VALUES WITH AIR TRAVEL Air t ravel st resses oxygen in m any ways. I n 20 00 , in Ox ygen an d Agin g I r elat ed som e case h ist or ies t o illust r at e som e pat t er n s of ill h ealt h associat ed w it h lon g fligh t s. I also int roduced t he t erm air t ravel dysoxygenosis for t hat associat ion. Below , I r epr odu ce a case hist ory from Oxygen and Aging t o illust rat e t he effect s of t r av el on t h e beh av ior of cancer in som e cases. Specifically, t he t able below shows t he dat a for changing PSA values w it h repeat ed t rip t o Europe from t he Unit ed St at es. The t ext follow ing t he t able includes som e ot her relevant information. A 65- year - old m an w it h prost at e cancer t r av eled t o Eu r ope for a t w o- t o- t h r ee- w eek vacat ion yearly from 1996 t o 1999. Aft er each t r ip, h is PSA v alue r ose. ( PSA is a m ar k er for pr ost at e can cer .) Aft er t h e fir st t r ip, t h e PSA v alue r et u r n ed t o t he pr e- t r av el nu m ber aft er t w o m on t h s w it h his n ut r ien t and h er bal prot ocols. A year lat er, he went t o Europe again and had his PSA m easured t here. There was no change. When tested again on his return, his PSA v alue h ad n ear ly doubled. Th e v alu e r et ur ned again t o t h e pr e- t r av el lev el w it h h is r egu lar program . Table 4 show s PSA values before and after each trip. My pur pose in including t he abov e case h ist or y is n ot discou r age per sons w it h can cer from air t ravel. Rat her, I w ish t o underscore t he im por t an ce of t hr eat s t o ox y gen h om eost asis t hat m ight com e in m any disguises. I t t hink it is v er y usefu l t o consult one's phy sician befor e ex t en ded air t r av el so t hat som e addit ional m easu r es ( descr ibed in lat er sect ion s of t his book ) can be t ak en t o pr ot ect ox y gen homeostasis during the trip. CONCLUDING COMMENTS I n closing t his ar t icle, I r epeat t hat t he Oxygen Model of cancer is a unifying m odel w it h a st rong explanat ory pow er for various cancerr elat ed clin ical ev ent s. Rat h er t han focus on indiv idu al fact or s t h at cause cancer as is t h e case in t he prevailing t hinking t his m odel calls for an in t egr at iv e t h in kin g abou t all r elev an t fact or s t h at collect iv ely st r ess ox y gen m et abolism and set t he st age for t h e dev elopm en t of cancer . Once can cer has dev eloped, t he Ox y gen Model calls for a syst em at ic evaluat ion of each of t hose fact ors so t hat an int egrat ive program can be designed t o effectively address them. Wh en an ear ly can cer is com plet ely rem oved by a surgeon, it should st ill serve as a clarion call for t hat individual. The developm ent of t hat cancer is a clear indicat ion t hat genet ic and env ir onm ent al fact or s ex ist t hat n ot only result ed in t he first cancer but also render t hat person m ore vulnerable t o second cancers. I t is w ell est ablished t h at t h ose w ho dev elop on e can cer ar e m or e lik ely t o dev elop addit ional cancers in other body organs. In such cases, the Oxygen Model of cancer calls for a diligent review of all elem ent s t hat m ight have t hreat ened t he oxygen order of life oxygen hom eost asis, in t he pr esent cont ex t in t h e pat ient . The Ox y gen Model is shar ply focu sed on seizing t hat opportunity.

PSA Values Changing With Air Travel

Date 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 PSA Values Before Trips 12.2 7.9 21.1 23.5 3.6 2.5 2.2 1.1 PSA Values After Trips 22 23.2 25.3 32.2 11.1 3.1 6.6 3.3 Comments About Treatment* on phytohormones on phytohormones on Zoladex and Casadex on PC-SPESS on PC-SPESS on PC-SPESS on PC-SPESS * On antioxidant andHerbal protocols throughout

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