ART100 Living with Art

Chapter #14 Vocabulary Acropolis - main architectural advance in the classical period of Greece. Cuneiform-wedge-shaped depressions made by the ancient Mesopotamians in clay in order to inscribe the characters of their written language. Entasis-an almost imperceptible convex tapering (an apparent swelling) in the shaft of a column Hellenistic-period of style in Mediterranean culture influenced by the Greek art world following the conquest of Alexander the Great. The expression of inner emotions were more important than beauty to the artists of this period. Kore-a Greek statue of a clothed maiden. Greek literally for girl. Kouros-a Greek statue of a male youth who may have been a god or an athlete. Greek literally for young man. Krater-a Greek bowl with a wide mouth, two handles, and a foot. Vessels used for mixing wine with water at special meals called banquets or symposia. Mesopotamia-where the first cities and schools were located; located between the Tigris and Euphrates River; main religion was Polytheism; Babylonians were the first Mesopotamian Empire Sumeria-first civilization established in 3500 B.C.. The priest held the power here; created cuneiform; Sumerians developed the wheel, sail, and rudders. Sunken relief-figures are carved out of surface wood etching. Ziggurat- to build on raised area Tall structures from ancient Mesopotamia Chapter #15 Vocabulary Aisles-in architecture, a long, narrow space on either side of the nave of a church Ambulatory-a continuous aisle around a circular building, or a semi-circular aisle curving around the aspe of a church behind the main altar. Animal style-characterized by its emphasis on animal and bird motifs Apse-the semi--circular or polygonal recess at the end of a Christian church opposite the main entry, or in a wall of a Roman Basilica where the altar was placed Basilica-in architecture, a type of building erected in ancient Rome as a hall of justice and commerce; had rectangular plan with 2 or 4 rows of columns Carolingian-French and German art from the 8th to the early 10th century. Carolingian artists laid the foundation for the Middle Ages. Artisans created beautiful illuminated manuscripts and works of gold, silver, and gems among other materials Clerestory-refers to a wall of a building which is raised above an adjoining room Embroidery-making and arranging stitches of variously colored threads Gothic-style of architecture, painting, and sculpture which flourished in Western Europe (mainly in France and England) in the later Middle Ages Icon-a picture; a sculpture, or even a building, when regarded as an object of Christianity

Illumination-Decoration with drawings, usually in gold, silver, and rich colors, especially in the initial letters of manuscripts, particularly those done in the Middle Ages Narthex-a porch or vestibule of a church, generally colonnaded or arcaded and preceding the nave Nave-in architecture of a church, the major central area where the congregation gathers Renaissance-the revival or rebirth of cultural awareness and learning that took place during the 14th and 15th century, particularly in Italy, but also in Germany and other European Countries; period characterized by a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman art design and included emphasis on human beings, their environment, science, and philosophy Romanesque-(Roman-like) style of architecture employing Roman (rounded) arches and had heavy, thick walls based on the basilica; 1st style to become dominant throughout Europe Transept-aisle between the apse and the nave Chapter #16 Vocabulary Humanism-any attitude that gives priority to human endeavors, their values, capacities, worth, interests, needs, and welfare rather than those of the gods, the spirits, the animals, or any other non-human thing Maniera- (greca) a formal Byzantine style that dominated Italian painting in the 12th and 13th centuries. Its characterized by shallow space and linear flatness Mannerism-European art movement and style that developed between 1520 and 1600. Style that rejected the calm balance of High Renaissance in favor of emotion and distortion. Sfumato-in painting, the technique of blurring or softening outlines by subtle and gradual blending (feathering) of one tone into another Chapter #17 Vocabulary Baroque-the art style or art movement of the Counter-Reformation in the 17th century limited mainly to Catholic countries; a style in which painters, sculptors, and architects sought emotion, movement, and variety in their works Genre painting-the depiction of subjects and scenes from everyday life, ordinary folk, and common activities; achieved popularity in 17th century Holland (the Netherlands) Neoclassical- New a style in 19th century Western art that referred back to the classical styles of Greece and Rome; Neoclassical paintings have sharp outlines, reserved emotions, deliberate (often mathematical) composition, and cool colors Rococco-18th Century art style which placed emphasis on portraying the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on grand heroes or pious martyrs; Love and Romance were considered to be better subjects for art than historical or religious subjects. Free, graceful movement; a playful use of line; and delicate colors