1

Adding value to bananas

The results of a study and
workshop on the contribution of
Musa processing businesses to
rural development

Final Report

lNl8AP |s a prograrre ol lre
lrlerral|ora| P|arl 0erel|c
Resources lrsl|lule (lP0Rl), a
cerler ol

June 2006


2
TABLE OF CONTENTS




1- Project Data Page 3
2- Executive Summary Page 3
3- Technical Report Page 4
3.1 Activities completed Page 4
3.2 Results and conclusions of the Workshop Page 6
3.3 Plans for promotion of the results Page 17

Appendix 1: Reformulated proposal to CFC Page 18
Appendix 2: Preliminary survey format Page 20
Appendix 3: Methods guide Page 24
Appendix 4: Workshop Participants list Page 62
Appendix 5: Workshop programme Page 70
Appendix 6: Workshop report by local
organizing committee Page 73


3
1. Project data
1.1 Iiojecl lilIe CIC/IISC/O9IT Lxpanding naikel
oppoilunilies and adding vaIue lo Musa
1.2 Iiojecl execuling agency IICRI - InleinalionaI Nelvoik foi lhe
Inpiovenenl of anana and IIanlain
1.3 Iiojecl supeivising agency ICC A/TI
1.4 Slailing/conpIelion dales }une 2OO4 - }une 2OO6
CIC Cianl: $ 89 595
Co-financing conliilulions: $ 63 OOO
RockefeIIei Ioundalion $ 5O OOO
USAID $ 5 OOO
1.5 Iiojecl financing
Counleipail conliilulions: $ 66 OOO
1.6 Iailicipaling counliies Cosla Rica, Nicaiagua, Caneioon, Nigeiia,
Tanzania, MaIavi, IhiIippines, India, MaIaysia
2. Executive summary
Period covered: }une 2OO4 - }une 2OO6
Compiler of report: ChaiIes Slavei
In May 2OO4 lhe CIC financed IICRI/INIAI lo piovide a gIolaI pIalfoin foi lhe
deveIopnenl of pioduclion lechnoIogies and naikeling slialegies foi lanana-lased
pioducls. This pIalfoin iesponds lo such piolIens as posl haivesl Iosses, seasonaI
gIuls iesuIling fion nev noie pioduclive cuIlivais, dependence on a singIe cuIlivai,
Ioss of liodiveisily and lanana peiishaliIily. INIAI, voiking lhiough ils foui
iegionaI nelvoiks (ARNLSA foi Laslein and Soulhein Afiica, MUSACO foi Wesl
and CenliaI Afiica, MUSALAC foi Lalin Aneiica and lhe Caiillean, and AINLT
foi Asia and lhe Iacific), idenlified lvo counliies in each nelvoik lo caiiy oul a
counliy-lased sludy Iooking al lypes of Musa piocessing lusinesses, lheii lusiness
suppoil enviionnenl and lheii conliilulion lo iuiaI deveIopnenl. In a voikshop
heId in lhe IhiIippines in Oclolei 2OO6, lhe counliy leans piesenled lheii iesuIls foi
anaIysis. Ovei foily pailicipanls concIuded lhal piocessing has polenliaI lo
conliilule lo iuiaI deveIopnenl and lo lhe ieduclion in poveily, lul in lhe counliies
in lhe sludy, lheie is a need foi syslenalic and suslained inveslnenl in lhe lusiness
seivices enviionnenl and in lhe nanagenenl capacily of polenliaI snaII lusiness
opeialois. Ovei foily pailicipanls idenlified key inilialives foi INIAI and ils
nelvoiks lo addiess lhe possiliIily of incieasing lhe conliilulion of Musa piocessing
lo iuiaI deveIopnenl.


4
3. Technical report
3.1 Activities completed
In 2OO3 IICRI/INIAI piesenled a pioposaI lo CIC lo piovide a gIolaI pIalfoin foi
lhe deveIopnenl of pioduclion lechnoIogies and naikeling slialegies foi lanana-
lased pioducls. This pIalfoin iesponds lo such piolIens as posl haivesl Iosses,
seasonaI gIuls iesuIling fion nev noie pioduclive cuIlivais, dependence on a singIe
cuIlivai, Ioss of liodiveisily and lanana peiishaliIily. The pioposaI vas appioved
foi funding in ApiiI 2OO4. elveen lhe piesenlalion of lhe pioposaI and ils appiovaI,
INIAI, lhe TechnicaI Cenlie foi AgiicuIluie and RuiaI Coopeialion (CTA) and
olhei pailneis oiganized lvo voikshops in Afiica lo anaIyze lhe polenliaI foi adding
vaIue lo lananas and pIanlains. ased on lhe expeiience in lhese lvo voikshops
vhich focused on successfuI lusinesses, INIAI deveIoped an inpIenenlalion
slialegy foi lhe CIC-funded gIolaI voikshop lased on counliy sludies of Musa
piocessing lusinesses and lheii lusiness suppoil enviionnenl (Appendix 1). This
vas designed lo slienglhen Iinkages lelveen lhe pioduclion ieseaich and
deveIopnenl secloi and lhe piocessing ieseaich and deveIopnenl secloi duiing lhe
execulion of lhe sludy and lo lake advanlage of lhe vaIue of lhe iegionaI lanana
nelvoiks as a foiun foi piioiilizing a ieseaich and deveIopnenl agenda, as ieseaich
pailneis and as a channeI foi deIiveiing inpoilanl lechnoIogies and appioaches. Al
lhe sane line IICRI/INIAI aIso conlacled olhei souices of financiaI suppoil lo
conpIenenl lhe CIC funding. RockefeIIei Ioundalion lased in Naiioli agieed lo
join lhe effoil and funds fion lhe Uniled Slales Agency foi InleinalionaI
DeveIopnenl (USAID) veie used lo finance counliy sludies in Tanzania and
Caneioon.
In nid 2OO4 a pieIininaiy suivey foin vas diavn up and disliiluled lo counliy
cooidinalois piioi lo lheii annuaI iegionaI neelings (Appendix 2). IoIIoving lhe
queslions in lhe suivey, counliy iepiesenlalive conpiIed lheii exisling inpiessions
of lhe lypes of Musa pioducls found in lhe counliy and lhe suppoil secloi. In lhe
case of Lalin Aneiica, each counliy had aIieady undeilaken a suivey lased on a
siniIai suivey deveIoped ly iegionaI speciaIisls. Duiing 2OO4, lhe foui iegionaI
nelvoiks discussed lhe chaIIenges of adding vaIue lo Musa lhiough piocessing,
ievieved lhe pioposaI foi a gIolaI voikshop and anaIyzed lhe neiils of conpIeling
lhe counliy sludies in lhe diffeienl counliies lhal pailicipale in lhe nelvoiks. In
Lalin Aneiica, aII counliies piesenled an oveiviev of lhe Musa piocessing secloi,
lul in lhe olhei iegions onIy a fev of lhe counliies conpiIed lhe infoinalion. ased
on lhese iegionaI neelings, lvo counliies pei iegion veie seIecled lo pailicipale in
lhe inilialive - conpIelion of a counliy-lased suivey and pailicipalion in a gIolaI
voikshop.
In Iale 2OO4 and eaiIy 2OO5 INIAI slaff voiked vilh Ccn|rc Agrcncnicc Trcpica| dc
|ntcs|igacicn q |nscnanza (CATIL) piofessionaIs fion lhe Cenlie foi lhe
Conpeliliveness of Lco-lusinesses lo deveIop lhe nelhod foi lhe counliy-lased
sludy of snaII Musa piocessing lusinesses and lheii lusiness suppoil enviionnenl.
A diafl nelhod vas lesled oul in Cosla Rica lo yieId lhe veision vhich vas used
vilh coIIaloialois (see Appendix 3). The nelhod luiIl on lhe pieIininaiy suivey.
The nalionaI Musa iepiesenlalive fion lhe pioduclion secloi Ied lhe sludy ly


5
foining a gioup of 3-5 speciaIisls fion pioduclion, food piocessing and enleipiise
pionolion. This gioup fiisl pioposed a lypoIogy of Musa piocessing lusinesses
lased on lype of pioducl, lechnoIogy enpIoyed, lype of cIienl and size. They aIso
skelched oul lhe lypes of lechnicaI and lusiness seivices vhich veie avaiIalIe lo lhe
diffeienl calegoiies of Musa piocessing fiins. Wilh lhis fiisl diafl viev of lhe secloi,
lhey lhen conducled visils and inleivievs vilh 2-3 lusinesses iepiesenling each lype
lolh fion piocessing and seivices. Aflei each visil, lhe lean aIso anaIyzed lhe
conliilulion of lhe lusiness lo iuiaI deveIopnenl lased on a IiveIihoods fianevoik.
Wilh lhis fieId dala, lhe sludy lean lhen Iooked al Iinkages anong enlilies in lhe
secloi and aIso idenlified nechanisns vhich conliiluled lo lellei infoinalion and
seivice fIov in lhe secloi. Those inleivieved as veII as key oiganizalionaI Ieadeis
veie inviled lo a finaI voikshop lo ieviev lhe iesuIls, nake suggeslions and lo
idenlify foIIov-up aclions. The gaps lelveen nicio and snaII lusiness needs and
avaiIalIe seivices veie highIighled and lhe conliilulion of exisling Musa piocessing
lusinesses lo iuiaI deveIopnenl vas idenlified. These iesuIls veie piepaied as a
finaI iepoil and IoveiIoinl piesenlalion foi lhe gIolaI voikshop.
In ApiiI 2OO5 lhe INIAI offices in Iiance, and Wesl and CenliaI Afiica voiked vilh
coIIaloialois fion Caneioon and Nigeiia lo legin lhe counliy sludies in lhal iegion.
These sludies veie conpIeled duiing May-Augusl.
Duiing May and }une Ielleis of agieenenl veie signed vilh pailneis in seven
counliies lo caiiy oul lhe sludy foIIoving lhe nelhods guide. Iion }une lhiough
Seplenlei India, MaIavi and MaIaysia conpIeled lhe sludy using lhe nelhods
guide and IocaI expeilise. In }uIy lhe INIAI piojecl Ieadei visiled Nicaiagua and
IhiIippines lo ieinfoice lhe sludy lean. In Seplenlei lhe piojecl cooidinaloi visiled
Tanzania lo shaie expeiiences fion olhei counliy sludies vilh lhe lean in lhe
Kageia Disliicl of Tanzania. The nuIli-discipIinaiy counliy leans conpIeled lhe
sludy duiing lhe veeks and nonlhs foIIoving lhe visil fion lhe INIAI cooidinaloi.
A IocaI oiganizing connillee in lhe IhiIippines conposed of IhiIippine CounciI foi
AgiicuIluie, Ioiesliy and NaluiaI Resouices Reseaich and DeveIopnenl (ICCARD),
Depailnenl of AgiicuIluie - uieau of AgiicuIluiaI Reseaich (DA-AR), Cavile Slale
Univeisily and INIAI-Asia and Iacific oiganized lhe Iogislics foi lhe voikshop
and a lechno-faii. The voikshop vas heId fion 1O-13 Oclolei in Soulhvood Iaik,
IhiIippines, oulside of ManiIa vilh 5O pailicipanls (Appendix 4). Tvo lo lhiee
deIegales fion each counliy lean pailicipaled (21 peisons). Resouice peopIe in food
lechnoIogy and enleipiise pionolion veie aIso inviled lo conliilule lo lhe anaIysis
(9 peisons). Iood lechnoIogisls cane fion iaziI, Soulh Afiica, and IlaIy. usiness
expeils cane fion Uganda, Cosla Rica and IICRI-MaIaysia and Tanzania (piivale
consuIlanl). Repiesenlalives fion lhe foui INIAI iegionaI offices and lhe nain
office in MonlpeIIiei, Iiance, aIso pailicipaled in lhe voikshop (6 peisons).
AddilionaI iepiesenlalives fion lhe hosl connillee oiganizalions aIso pailicipaled
(14 peisons).
The fiisl lhiee days of lhe voikshop veie dedicaled lo piesenlalions, voiking
gioups and concIusions (Appendix 5). AII counliies had conpIeled a sludy
foIIoving a connon nelhod and had piepaied a povei poinl piesenlalion.
Woiking gioups veie foined ly speciaIizalion of lhe pailicipanls, ly iegion and


6
acioss iegions lo anaIyze lhe iesuIls of lhe voikshop fion diffeienl peispeclives (see
Appendix 6). On lhe fouilh day Cavile Slale Univeisily oiganized an enleipiise faii
on lanana piocessing. This faii incIuded a synposiun and dispIays fion slale
univeisilies aiound lhe IhiIippines, seIecled IocaI lanana piocessing lusinesses and
inpul lusinesses and goveinnenl offices. The counliy pailicipanls fion aiound lhe
voiId aIso dispIayed lheii Musa pioducls. Repiesenlalives of 12 counliy nenleis of
AINLT, lhe anana Nelvoik of Asia and lhe Iacific, pailicipaled in lhe
synposiun and faii. They heId lheii annuaI neeling duiing lhe lhiee days
foIIoving lhe faii, duiing vhich line lhey aIso ievieved lhe iesuIls of lhe voikshop
and discussed foIIov-up aclions in lheii iegion.
Lach pailicipanl ieceived a CD vilh lhe nine counliy sludies and voikshop
piesenlalions, a CD vilh piesenlalions fion synposiun al lhe lechno faii and a
iepoil piepaied ly lhe IocaI oiganizing connillee (Appendix 6).
In }anuaiy 2OO6 a pioposaI vas piesenled lo CTA lo pulIish lhe iesuIls of lhe sludy
as an iIIuslialed nelhods guide and lo cieale an eIeclionic infoinalion iesouice
cenlie on lhe INIAI vel sile.
In Maich 2OO6 lhe INIAI cooidinaloi piesenled lhe iesuIls of lhe sludy al CATIL in
Cosla Rica vhich had leen a pailnei in lhe nelhods deveIopnenl. In May lhe
iesuIls veie piesenled and discussed al lhe annuaI neeling of lhe Lalin Aneiican
and Caiillean lanana and pIanlain nelvoik neeling.
3.2 Results and conclusions of the workshop
This sunnaiy of lhe voikshop iesuIls and concIusions fiisl piesenls infoinalion
aloul lhe Musa piocessing lusinesses, lheii pioducls, lechnoIogy used and cIienls.
Lach lype of piocessing lusiness is lhen chaiacleiized ly lhe lype of seivices vhich
il enpIoys foi daiIy opeialions and Iong lein conpeliliveness. The seivice
enviionnenl ilseIf is lhen chaiacleiized in leins of ils capacily lo suppoil lusinesses
lo iesoIve piolIens and lo idenlify and lake advanlage of nev naikel oppoilunilies.
The seclion ends vilh a discussion of lhe polenliaI foi adding vaIue lhiough
piocessing lo conliilule lo iuiaI deveIopnenl and lhe pioposed foIIov-up inilialives
ly INIAI and olhei Iead oiganizalions.
3.2.1 Importance and diversity of Musa processing
The peicenlage of Musa pioduced vhich is conveiled inlo piocessed pioducls foi
iesaIe vaiies vilh lhe lype of Musa (TalIe 1).
OnIy aloul 5 of lhe lolaI pioduclion of desseil lananas is piocessed in lhe nine
counliies in lhe sludy. Cosla Rica and India accounl foi quile a Iaige shaie of lhis
lolaI lhiough lhe piocessing of iejecl lananas fion Cavendish pIanlalions inlo
lanana puiee and juice. AAA-lype lananas aie aIso piocessed on a snaII scaIe foi
juice, leei, fIoui, diied lananas and as an ingiedienl in diffeienl snack foods vhich
aie nade fiesh on lhe slieel each day.
Table 1: How much Musa is produced and processed in the nine countries in the study?


Tola| area
|r
vo|ure
produced
so|d
lresr
ral|ora||y
so|d
processed
ral|ora||y

exporled
lresr

exporled
processed


7
0esserl 8arara 8 000 Z01 000 98,5 1,5 - -
Coo||rg oarara 31 000 32 000 35 5 - -
N|ger|a
P|arla|r 11 000 1 221 000 85 13 1,5 0,5
0esserl 8arara 5 000 30 000 55 5 38 2
Coo||rg oarara ?? 150 000 ?? ?? - -
Careroor
P|arla|r 200 000 1 200 000 Z5 15 10 1
0esserl 8arara 180 000 900 000 90 5 5 -
Coo||rg oarara 10 000 120 000 25 Z5 - -
Va|aW|
P|arla|r 15 000 30 000 80 20 - -
0esserl 8arara 12 000 0 000 99 1 - -
8reW|rg oarara
Coo||rg oarara
15 000
120 000
Z5 000
00 000
0
98
100
2
- -
Tarzar|a
P|arla|r 3 000 15 000 5 95 - -
0esserl 8arara 121 100 11 952 000 9 0,1 0,1 0,8
Coo||rg oarara 31 300 1 008 000 0 10 - -
lrd|a
P|arla|r 31 300 810 000 15 53 1,2 0,8
0esserl 8arara 2Z 000 150 000 9 1 30 -
Coo||rg oarara ?? 210 000 ?? ?? - -
Va|ays|a
P|arla|r 1 000 20 000 50 50 - -
0esserl 8arara 198 000 1 132 000 ?? ?? ?? ??
Coo||rg oarara 155 000 1 01 000 ?? ?? ?? ??
Pr|||pp|res
P|arla|r ?? 1 000
0esserl 8arara 21 000 ?? 90 1 9 -
Coo||rg oarara 3 090 ?? 98 2 - -
N|caragua
P|arla|r 18 000 ?? 80 1 15 1
0esserl 8arara 15 000 2 035 000 10 1 Z5 15
Coo||rg oarara 300 50 100 - - -
Cosla R|ca
P|arla|r 11 000 Z5 000 35 10 13 12
0esserl 8arara ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
Coo||rg oarara ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
Tola|
lor a||
courlr|es P|arla|r ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

The peicenlage of pIanlains piocessed foi saIe is aloul 24. The Iaigesl voIune of
lhis is in India, Caneioon and Nigeiia vhich aie lhe lhiee counliies in lhe sludy
pioducing lhe nosl pIanlains. The nosl connon pioducls aie pIanlain chips,
sveels and ioasled pIanlain as a slieel food.
Ioi cooking lananas lelveen 3O and 4O of lhe pioduclion is soId piocessed as
leei, aIcohoI, chips, calsup and slieel foods. The najoi poilion of lhis lolaI is
piocessed in IhiIippines vheie niIIions of schooI chiIdien and youlh luy a
lananacue eveiy day as an aflei-schooI snack. These slalislics on piocessing aie oflen
onIy lenlalive eslinales vhich need fuilhei iefinenenl.
Table 2: Musa products by country according to five types of processing businesses

Type of
business
Products/countries Strengths Weaknesses
Philippines bananacue
Cameroon banana fritters,
roasted plantain
Nigeria dodo ikere, roasted
plantain
Tanzania balagala, roasted
plantain
Micro-
enterprises:
single product
prepared and
sold on the
street (100s
to 1000s in
each country)
Malawi banana pancakes,
muffins, snack foods
Simple, low cost
technology
Labour intensive
Quality control by
consumer
Daily cost accounting
Low sale price
Difficult hygiene on
street (dust, mud,
lack of clean water)
Precarious finances
Minimal shelf life
Not licensed or
regulated
Raw material supply


8
India chips, sweets,
handicrafts, fibres
Nicaragua chips, sweets,
baked ripe plantain, chocolate
covered ripe banana, vinegar
Costa Rica chips
Nigeria chips, beer
Tanzania beer, brandy
Malawi banana pancakes,
muffins, snack foods
Micro-
enterprises:
single product
prepared at
home for sale
on street or
from home
(100s to
1000s in each
country)
Cameroon chips
Simple, low cost
technology
Labour intensive
Daily price accounting
Low sale price
Labour efficiency
Minimal shelf life
Not licensed or
regulated
Raw material price
and supply
Chips Nigeria, Malaysia,
India, Costa Rica, Nicaragua,
Philippines, Cameroon
Banana relish, juice, jam, figs,
sweets India
Flour Nigeria, Cameroon
Banana catsup Philippines
Small to
medium
enterprises:
mixed snack
or food
production
with company
label and
license
(few to 50 per
country)
Alcohol Cameroon
Traditional products for
popular taste
Diverse product mix for
efficient use of installations
and labour
Licensed and regulated
which permits expansion
to legal markets
Technology, packaging
can be upgraded
Strategic business
management
Need for more
specialized services
External financing
needed for expansion
Dependent on public
services
Vulnerable to cheap
imported substitutes
or changing tastes
Figs Cameroon, Tanzania,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Wine Malawi, Tanzania
Paper products and
handicrafts Nicaragua,
Tanzania, Malawi
Pre-frozen foods for export
Costa Rica
Micro and
small
enterprises
promoted by
NGOs
(few to 10 per
country)
Yogurt Nicaragua
Access to training on
management
Access to technical
training
Access to financing
New products for new
markets
Uncertain financial
sustainability
Services for business
not always available
locally
Market potential
potentially limited
Small volume
Frozen pre-cooked foods
Costa Rica
Dairy products Cameroon,
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, India,
Malaysia, Malawi
Puree Costa Rica, India,
Philippines
Chips Costa Rica,
Nicaragua, India
Flour Nigeria
Medium to
large
businesses
with modern
processing
technology
(few per
country)
Wine Tanzania
Business strategy and
management
Volume production for cost
reduction
Access to international
technology and packaging
Raw material price
and supply
High cost product not
accessible to low
income classes

3.2.2 Types of Musa processing businesses and their products
Lach counliy calegoiized lhe Musa piocessing lusinesses ly lechnoIogy, size of lhe
lusiness, lype of pioducl pioduced and cIienls. These diffeienl calegoiies
coiiespond lo noie oi Iess five diffeienl lypes of piocessing lusinesses (TalIe 2).
Theie veie lvo lypes of nicio lusinesses vhich iepiesenl fion hundieds lo
lhousands in lhose counliies indicaled in TalIe 2. The snaIIesl lusiness piepaies
and seIIs a singIe pioducl in lhe slieel each day and vas found in lhe foui counliies
of Afiica and lhe IhiIippines. The nicio lusiness lased al hone oi in a snaII
voikshop iepiesenls a sIighlIy Iaigei scaIe of opeialions foi such pioducls as chips,


9
lanana leei, lanana-lased aIcohoI and lanana filie handiciafls. This lype of nicio-
lusiness is found in lhe gieal najoiily of lhe counliies in lhe sludy.
The nexl calegoiy iepiesenls snaII lo nediun lusinesses. They pioduce a singIe
pioducl oi a videi iange of pioducls vhich aie idenlified vilh a IaleI, conlacl
infoinalion and Iicenses. These aie lhe lusinesses vhich aie IegaIIy iegisleied and
appeai in nalionaI slalislics. Chips aie lhe nosl connon pioducl, lul lusinesses
aIso pioduce jans, ieIish, aIcohoI, vine and diied lananas. This lype of lusiness is
nuch Iess nuneious lhan lhe nicio-enleipiises. Iei counliy lhe nunlei ianges
fion a fev lo 5O lusinesses.
A speciaI calegoiy vas designaled foi lusinesses sel up ly NCOs vhich oflen
pioduce speciaI oi nev pioducls foi lhe IocaI naikel, aIlhough sone aIso expoil
snaII quanlilies. They pioduced such pioducls as lanana filie papei, diied
lananas, vine and lanana-fIavouied yoguil. In Cosla Rica gioveis associalions
have aIso leen financed lo sel up piocessing pIanls lo expoil pie-piocessed pIanlain
foods. Such lusinesses oflen ieceive sone financiaI iepoil, so il is Iess cIeai if lhey
aie financiaIIy independenl.
Laige lusinesses vilh nodein lechnoIogy foi using lanana in lheii pioducls veie
found in aII counliies, aIlhough onIy in veiy snaII nunleis foi lhe pioduclion of
lanana-fIavouied niIk pioducls, vine, puiee and juice, chips and pie-piepaied
fiozen pioducls.
The counliy vilh lhe highesl peicenlage of piocessing is Cosla Rica vhich expoils a
diveisily of piocessed Musa pioducls. Counliies such as Tanzania, MaIavi and
IhiIippines have significanl added vaIue lhiough IocaI piocessing ly nicio
enleipiises. In Tanzania iuiaI househoIds ollain added vaIue lhiough lhe
piepaialion of lanana juice, leei and disliIIed aIcohoI. In lhe IhiIippines vaIue is
added ly nicio lusinesses in uilan aieas.
3.2.3 Services employed by different Musa processing businesses
Lach calegoiy of Musa piocessing lusinesses nakes use of quile diffeienl seivices
(TalIe 3). The nicio lusinesses use veiy iudinenlaiy piocessing and packing
equipnenl lased on liadilionaI lechnoIogy. They use no lusiness pIanning seivices,
accounling oi naikel sludies.


10
Table 3: Services employed by five categories of processing business

Type of processing business

Type of
service
providers
Micro: single
product
prepared and
sold on the
street
Micro: single
product
prepared at
home for sale
on street or from
home
Small to medium:
mixed snack or
food production
with company
label and license
Micro and small:
promoted by
NGOs

Medium to large:
modern
processing
technology
Technical
Assistance on
processing
-- -- Public food
technologists,
equipment and
input sales
Public food
technologists,
foreign
consultants
Contracted
internationally or
in-house
Simple
packaging
Recycled
paper,
polyethylene
bags, leaves,
serving stick
New paper or
polyethylene
bags, recycled
bottles, bring
your own
container
New packaging
polyethylene or
polypropylene,
plastic container,
bottles
Like small
business
--
Advanced
packaging
-- No Paper labels or
printed bags,
laminated or
aluminium bags
Like micro and
small business
Sealed for food
safety with
minimal handling,
product branding
Raw materials /
simple
ingredients
Local markets Local markets Bulk purchases,
contracts with
growers and
traders
Local markets Bulk purchases,
collection
network, grower
contracts
Specialized
ingredients
-- -- Spices,
preservatives,
flavourings
Specially
sourced by
business
advisors
Imported directly
Hand
equipment
Minimal
kitchen
utensils
Utensils for
larger batches
Similar to micro,
but higher quality
and larger
Like micro and
small business
Specialized or
efficiency and
food safety
Small scale
equipment
-- Large pans,
sieves, closed
containers,
stoves
Dryers, stoves,
large pans, worker
safety equipment
Like micro and
small business
Imported directly,
worker safety
equipment
Industrial
equipment
importers
-- Plastic bags,
sealers
Cookers,
sterilizers, dryers,
scales, package
sealers
-- Specialized
product lines
custom designed
Business
services
-- -- Accounting,
investment plans
Training courses Specialized
departments in
house
Professional
education in
processing
-- -- University food
technology
University food
technology
University food
technology
Practical
training in
processing
On job, from
family
On job, from
family, on job in
another
business
On-job,
occasional
government
service
Training on new
products
In house
Credit -- -- Government credit
or friends
Training and
technical
assistance free
Commercial
credit or parent
company
Environment
standards
-- -- Water, wastes,
noise
-- Water, noise,
wastes
Food safety
standards
-- -- On site
inspections,
health certificates
-- On site
inspections,
health
certificates, in
house labs
Labour safety
standards
-- -- Worker safety -- Worker safety



11
The snaII lo nediun lusinesses iepiesenl a vide diveisily of condilions. Theie aie
snaII liadilionaI piocessing lusinesses using Iiniled seivices, lul lheie aie aIso
lusinesses sel up vilh naikel sludies, pIanl and equipnenl design and olhei
lusiness deveIopnenl seivices. The piocessing lusinesses sel ly NCOs aie usuaIIy
snaII. UsuaIIy lhe vonens gioups oi connunily associalions invoIved ieceive
liaining, lechnicaI assislance and naikel deveIopnenl suppoil.
The Iaige enleipiises oflen use inpoiled equipnenl and packaging, liing in
inleinalionaI consuIlanls lo design pioduclion and naikeling slialegies and have a
speciaIized nanagenenl and pioduclion voik foice. These lusinesses geneiaIIy
foIIov lhe IegaI Iicensing pioceduies foi food, voikei and enviionnenlaI
ceilificalion.
3.2.4 Mechanisms/linkages in business support environment to reach
small and micro businesses
Iion lhe pievious seclion il is cIeai lhal exisling nicio-lusinesses use onIy
iudinenlaiy seivices. Ioi Musa piocessing lusinesses lo lecone noie nuneious,
significanl and dynanic, especiaIIy foi lhe lenefil of iuiaI connunilies, an aclive
and accessilIe lusiness seivices enviionnenl is key. In lhis seclion lhe iesuIls fion
lhe counliy-lased sludies aie used lo piovide insighl inlo lhe quaIily and avaiIaliIily
of seivices foi snaII and nicio lusinesses. In essence lhe queslion lo le iesponded
is: In vhich lusiness suppoil enviionnenl vouId a naiginaI househoId, a vonens
coopeialive oi a connunily associalion find il easiei lo sel up oi expand a
piocessing lusiness leyond lhe connon nicio-enleipiises` To nake lhis evaIualion
iequiies exanining lhe iange and quaIily of seivices, lheii avaiIaliIily lo noie
naiginaI seclois and lhe nechanisns and Iinkages anong lhe diffeience lypes of
seivices lhal conliilule lo noie inlegialed ialhei lhan pieceneaI and uncoupIed
suppoil. The iepoils piesenled ly each counliy veie quile uneven in lheii coveiage
of lhis poinl. TalIe 4 is lheiefoie quile lenlalive and pieIininaiy in ils iesuIls.
A ianking of lhe iegions/counliies sludied ly lhe avaiIaliIily and quaIily of seivices
indicales lhal in Cosla Rica equipnenl, packaging and lechnicaI and lusiness
assislance aie dynanic seivices vhich laigel expoil and niddIe incone nalionaI
naikels. On lhe olhei exliene is lhe Kageia Disliicl of Tanzania vhich is dislanl
fion any Iaige cily and has veiy Iiniled seivices foi piocessing lusinesses. The
lusiness suppoil enviionnenl in Afiica vas geneiaIIy noie Iiniled lhan in Asia oi
Lalin Aneiica.
AII lhe iegions/counliies sludied have legun lo focus piogiannes on lhe added
vaIue as a conponenl of iuiaI deveIopnenl, lul lheie is sulslanliaI diffeience in lhe
exlenl of lhese piogiannes. Cosla Rica has nuneious inilialives lo Iink pioduclion
lo piocessing and lo geneiale added vaIue foi giovei associalion. These incIude
liaining seivices in agio-indusliy foi voikeis, young enliepieneuis and fainei
associalions and ciedil foi coopeialive piocessing. India and IhiIippines aIso have
diveise piogiannes lo aIIov iuiaI connunilies lo geneiale added vaIue. In Afiica
NCOs aie pIaying a Ieading ioIe in adding vaIue foi poveily ieduclion and lhe
pulIic secloi aIso has incipienl inilialives. Hovevei, aieas ienole fion Iaige cilies
ieceive nuch Iess allenlion.


12
The eslinale of lhe peicenlage of lhe popuIalion vilh polenliaI access lo seivice
piovideis lo add vaIue lhiough piocessing indicales lhe difficuIly foi naiginaI
faniIies oi connunilies lo piocess foi added vaIue. OnIy a veiy snaII peicenlage of
lhe popuIalion in Afiica has polenliaI access. This silualion is lellei in Asia, lul
even so lhe peicenlage ienains ieIaliveIy Iov. Cosla Rica has achieved a highei
degiee of accessiliIily lased on good infiasliucluie, snaII size and nuIlipIe
piogiannes dedicaled lo capacily deveIopnenl.

Table 4: Quality and accessibility of business support environment for the promotion and
expansion of processing businesses among rural communities in nine countries studied

Courlry
(reg|or covered |r
sludy)
Ava||ao|||ly ol
|rpuls, equ|prerl,
lecrr|ca| &
ous|ress
ass|slarce (1=|oW
9=r|gr)
3erv|ces Wr|cr lac|||lale eslao||srrerl or upgrade ol r|cro ard
sra|| ous|resses arorg rura| /prograrres lor rura|
deve|oprerl
Percerlage ol
rura|
popu|al|or
W|lr polerl|a|
access lo
serv|ces
N|ger|a
(area
Lagos/loadar)

1


3ra||/Ved|ur Erlerpr|se 0eve|oprerl Agercy
worer |r Food Process|rg (N00)
Nal|ora| lorl|cu|lura| Researcr lrsl|lule (Nll0RT)
ur|vers|l|es (Aoeo|ula, loadar, l|e-lle)

< 5
Careroor
(area Yaourde-
0oua|a)

3
FeW N00s
Cerlre Alr|ca|r de Recrercres sur 8arar|ers el P|arla|rs
(CAR8AP)
3ra|| sca|e dryer Wor|srops

< 5
Va|aW|
(3oulrerr reg|or)

2
0EVAT (0eve|oprerl Va|aW|ar Erlerpr|ses Trusl)
VlRT0C (Va|aW| lrduslr|a| Researcr ard Tecrro|ogy
0eve|oprerl Cerlre)

< 5
Tarzar|a
(Kagera 0|slr|cl)
1 FeW N00s |r lood process|rg
Agr|cu|lura| Researcr ard 0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule (AR0l)

< 5
lrd|a
(Tar|| Nadu slale
ard surrourd|rgs)


8
0|slr|cl Rura| lrduslr|es Projecl (0RlP)
3lale goverrrerl rura| agro-|rduslry |r|l|al|ve(NAVT)
8arara Producl C|usler Projecl
V|r|slry ol Food Process|rg
Nal|ora| 8arara Researcr ard 0eve|oprerl Cerlre

5 - 15
Va|ays|a
Z
Va|ays|ar Agr|cu|lura| Researcr ard 0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule
(VAR0l)

5 - 15
Pr|||pp|res

(3oulrerr
Taga|og Reg|or)



Prov|rc|a| 3c|erce ard Tecrro|ogy 0ll|ce
0eparlrerl ol 3c|erce ard Tecrro|ogy - Prov|rc|a| Cerlre
Tecrr|ca| Educal|or/Tra|r|rg 0eve|oprerl Aulror|ly
Nal|ora| Researcr Cerlers |r Food, Nulr|l|or, lrduslr|a|
0eve|oprerl ard Pac|ag|rg
ur|vers|l|es (Cav|le, Los 8aros)
Cred|l serv|ces


5 - 15
N|caragua
(wesl, Cerler,
3oulr)

5
3ra||/Ved|ur 8us|ress lrsl|lule
FeW N00s |r lood process|rg
ur|vers|ly (Leor)

< 5
Cosla R|ca
(Wro|e courlry)


9
Nal|ora| Tra|r|rg lrsl|lule
Tecrr|ca| r|gr scroo| lood lecrro|ogy lra|r|rg
Agr|cu|lura| Recorvers|or Prograr
Nal|ora| Courc|| or Producl|or
Cerler ol Food Tecrro|ogy
lrpul sa|es represerlal|ves are lood lecrro|og|sls


15 - 30


13
3.2.4 Processing as a solution to production and market problems
Adding vaIue lhiough piocessing is oflen seen as a soIulion lo diveise aspecls of
iuiaI deveIopnenl, especiaIIy anong pioduclion speciaIisls, pIanneis and poIilicians.
This sludy offeis sone pieIininaiy iesuIls on seveiaI of lhese poinls (TalIe 5).
Table 5: Gains expected from processing Musa for added value compared to results of the
studies

Proposed gains
from adding value
Tentative observations nine country studies
Processing is a
solution to reduce
loss and absorb
seasonal gluts
Low processing capacity
Few products for storage
Processors complain about seasonal lack of raw material and high prices
Processing will pay
better price
Processing pays market price or less
When price increases, processors suspend activity
Farmer processing was uncommon
Large untapped
markets
Local mass markets are for low cost, known products
Limited, but growing, disposable income in middle class
Some export markets available with appropriate scale of operations
Processing business
contributes to
poverty reduction
Important for marginal households as survival strategy
Few micro businesses grow to small/medium
Few processing businesses among rural households
New skills and resources to access information and services
Service providers difficult to access for poor households
Iiisl, piocessing is oflen pioposed lo ieduce posl-haivesl Iosses, lo alsoil seasonaI
pioduclion gIuls and lo use Iov quaIily pioduclion. The nine counliy sludies shov
lhal piocessing capacily is Iiniled and lheiefoie cuiienlIy nol sel up lo alsoil Iaige
seasonaI oveipioduclion. Shoil lein incieases in anounl of pioduclion vhich is
piocessed is nol IikeIy. Many of lhe pioducls lased on lanana and pIanlain aie
peiishalIe oi aie pioduced foi shoil-lein consunplion. This neans lhal lhey cannol
easiIy le sloied foi Ialei use. Iion lhe poinl of viev of lhe piocessois, lhe noie
Iiniling piolIen is lhe Iack of iav naleiiaI and high piices in ceilain seasons of lhe
yeai. Duiing peiiods of scaicily piocessing lusinesses aie idIe. The onIy case of lhe
use of oveipioduclion is lhe piocessing of iejecl lananas fion expoil pIanlalions.
Second, piocessing is oflen pioposed as an oppoilunily foi highei piices foi faineis.
The sludies shoved lhal piocessing lusinesses pay lhe naikel piice oi Iovei. When
pIanlain oi lanana piices inciease loo nuch, piocessois suspend lheii piocessing
Iines. They indicaled lhal lhey cannol easiIy pass shoil lein piice fIuclualions on lo
lhe consuneis of lheii pioducls. In addilion, veiy fev cases veie found of faineis
vho piocessed lananas oi pIanlains lo capluie added vaIue. Cosla Rica had a fev
fainei associalions vhich opeialed piocessing facloiies. In MaIaysia one of lhe chip
facloiies inleivieved aIso had pIanlain pIanlalions. In Tanzania lanana juice, leei
and aIcohoI pioduclion is lased in iuiaI connunilies.
Thiid, piocessed pioducls aie seen lo have a Iaige polenliaI naikel. The counliy
sludies shoved lhal al lhe cuiienl line nany of lhe piocessed foods aie consuned
ly IocaI nass naikels foi lheii Iov cosl and easy avaiIaliIily. This naikel does nol
appeai lo have nuch polenliaI foi expansion. Theie is gioving niddIe cIass naikel
vilh incieasing disposalIe incone foi pie-piocessed foods and innovalive snack
foods, lul in nosl of lhe nine counliies lhis giovlh is sliII Iiniled. In nosl counliies


14
IocaI conlacls spoke of iequesls foi piocessed pioducls foi expoil, lul lhe voIunes
and lhe quaIily iequesled veie usuaIIy leyond lhe pioduclion capacily foi iav
naleiiaIs and leyond lhe nanageiiaI capacily and lhe seivice capacily of nosl of lhe
counliies. Lxpoileis Iosl inleiesl vhen lhey undeislood lhal ieIialIe expoil voIunes
veie nol avaiIalIe.
3.2.5 Musa processing to reduce rural poverty
ased on lhe cuiienl Iiniled capacily of piocessing lo iesoIve pioduclion and naikel
piolIens, lhe conliilulion of piocessing lo poveily ieduclion can aIso le addiessed
(TalIe 5).
The lhousands of nicio-enleipiises vhich piocess lanana and pIanlain aie
exlieneIy inpoilanl lo naiginaI househoIds as a IiveIihood slialegy foi suivivaI.
Hovevei, veiy fev of lhese lusinesses giov fion nicio lo snaII lusinesses. They
aie quile skiIIed in opeialing vilh nininaI iesouices and lhey knov lheii naikels
quile veII, lul lhey do nol have lhe skiIIs and access lo seivice piovideis lo deveIop
nev pioducls oi naikels. In sone cases lhey nay piefei lo nol giov lo avoid lhe
inspeclion and supeivision lhal is iequiied lo lecone a IegaI snaII lusiness, a
silualion nenlioned in Nicaiagua and India. They nay le incieasingIy suljecl lo
inspeclion and Iicensing vhich lhiealen lheii suivivaI. In Cosla Rica, foi exanpIe,
slieel food enleipiises veie IegisIaled oul of exislence.
OnIy a veiy fev of lhe lusinesses piofiIed in lhe nine counliies veie ovned ly
lanana and pIanlain pioduceis vhich neans lhal lhe vaIue vhich is added does nol
oflen go lo iuiaI connunilies. The Kageia Disliicl in Tanzania vas lhe exceplion
vheie lhousands of househoId lusinesses pioduce lanana juice, leei and aIcohoI.
Hovevei, sanilaiy ieguIalions and conpelilion fion leei and iun nay ieduce lhe
nunlei of lhese lusinesses in fuluie yeais.
IinaIIy, lhe sludy leans feIl lhal lhe lusiness ovneis and opeialois in nosl cases
needed addilionaI skiIIs and iesouices lo access seivices and infoinalion vhich
vouId aIIov lhen lo iesoIve piolIens in lheii piocessing and naikeling and lo
idenlify and lake advanlage of oppoilunilies foi nev pioducls oi naikels. This
piolIen is aggiavaled ly lhe facl lhal nosl seivice piovideis aie nol easiIy accessilIe
lo pooi, naiginaI oi iuiaI househoIds.
In sunnaiy, piocessing has polenliaI lo conliilule lo iuiaI deveIopnenl and lo lhe
ieduclion in poveily, lul in lhe counliies in lhe sludy, lheie is a need foi syslenalic
and suslained inveslnenl in lhe lusiness seivices enviionnenl and in lhe
nanagenenl capacily of polenliaI snaII lusiness opeialois. The slialegies of Cosla
Rica and India lo pionole added vaIue in iuiaI connunilies indicale lhal piogiess is
possilIe.
3.2.6 What can INIBAP contribute to this situation?
Duiing lhe lhiid day of lhe voikshop, aflei aII lhe case sludies had leen piesenled
and inviled iesouice peisons had aIso piesenled seIecled lhenes of inleiesl, lhiee
voik gioups veie foined lo anaIyze lhe iesuIls of lhe sludies. These gioups - food
lechnoIogy, pioduclion, lusiness deveIopnenl - veie asked lo idenlify issues acioss


15
aII lhe sludies vhich couId le addiessed ly an inilialive fion INIAI. Seven issues
veie idenlified (TalIe 6) and viII le ievieved liiefIy heie.
The piocessing lechnoIogy gioup concIuded lhal access lo good infoinalion on
quaIily conlioI and efficiency in piocessing vas noie of a piolIen lhan lhe Iack of
infoinalion, especiaIIy aloul lechnoIogy foi nicio and snaII lusinesses. The gioup
pioposed lhal INIAI liing logelhei expeiienced Musa piocessing lechnoIogisls lo
conpiIe a nanuaI on lhe lasics of Musa piocessing oiienled foi use in piojecls lo
pionole snaII piocessing lusinesses. This effoil lo consoIidale exisling lechnoIogy
vouId aIso piovide a lasis lo consoIidale an updaled ieseaich agenda.
The pioduclion gioup idenlified lhiee issues. Iiisl, vhiIe Musa geinpIasn has leen
chaiacleiized vilh lolanicaI desciiplois, nuch Iess infoinalion is avaiIalIe on lhe
fiuil and puIp chaiacleiislics of even lhe connon cuIlivais of desseil lananas,
cooking lananas and pIanlains. They suggesled lhal INIAI oiganize coIIaloialois
lo idenlify desciiplois of fiuil and puIp, conpiIe infoinalion ly cuIlivai on fiuil and
puIp chaiacleiislics and idenlify cuIlivais vilh disease and pesl loIeiance lo
sulslilule foi cuIlivais vilh siniIai fiuil oi puIp vilh disease suscepliliIily. Second,
lhey suggesled lhal pioduclion syslens le deveIoped lased on lhe needs of
piocessing ialhei lhan expecling piocessing lo le designed aiound pioduclion
piolIens. Hovevei, lhey indicaled lhal snaII scaIe lechnoIogy le deveIoped lo use
iejecl lananas vhich aie cuiienlIy piocessed piinaiiIy vilh advanced and Iaige
scaIe lechnoIogy. Theii finaI issue vas lhe Ioss of Musa liodiveisily due lo naikel
speciaIizalion. They pioposed lhal INIAI and pailneis deveIop slialegies foi
cuIlivai nixluies vhich can le naikeled lased on lheii liodiveisily.
The enleipiise gioup expiessed concein foi lhe Iack of allenlion lo lusiness aspecls
of piocessing and caIIed foi giealei pailneiships anong pioduclion, piocessing and
lusiness in lhe deveIopnenl of iuiaI piocessing lusinesses. They aIso indicaled lhal
a dalalase docunenling lhe expeiience of piojecls vhich pionoled piocessing
lusinesses foi iuiaI deveIopnenl vouId le a usefuI Ieaining iesouice lo iIIusliale
hov diffeienl appioaches can le laken lo pionoling and slienglhening Musa
piocessing lusinesses undei diffeienl condilions. They aIso idenlified a need foi
inpioved nelhods laigeling nicio and snaII lusinesses and fainei associalions
vho have noie iudinenlaiy liaining needs lhan addiessed in convenlionaI lusiness
liaining couises.


16
Table 6: Conclusions based on 9 country studies: Initiatives for the work plan of INIBAP and
the regional networks 12 Oct 2005

Issue Proposed Initiative
Processing technology
lrlorral|or lor qua||ly |rprovererl ard or
d|verse producls ras oeer gereraled
oy orgar|zal|ors ard |rd|v|dua|s arourd lre
Wor|d, oul |s rol eas||y access|o|e lo serv|ce
prov|ders lo r|cro ard sra|| process|rg
ous|resses
Prepare rarua| or lre oas|cs ol process|rg |r s|rp|e
|arguage usao|e oy serv|ce prov|ders ard sra|| sca|e
process|rg ous|resses or lre cr|l|ca| qua||ly |ssues oy ur|l
operal|or lor lre d|llererl lypes ol process|rg (dry|rg, lry|rg,
coo||rg, lerrerlal|or/d|sl|||al|or, ju|c|rg, oa||rg, lreez|rg) la||rg
|rlo accourl a|so lre ro|e ol cu|l|vars ard ralur|ly slale. Type ol
lecrro|ogy, equ|prerl ard s|ze ell|c|ercy |s a|so re|evarl;

lderl|ly gaps |r urderslard|rg ol qua||ly (r|croo|o|og|ca|,
prys|ca|-crer|ca|, sersor|a|, lecrro|og|ca|, rulr|l|ora| ard
rea|lr) oased or corp||al|or ol rarua|;
Production
Vary cu|l|vars rave oeer co||ecled ard
craracler|zed oased or oolar|ca| ard
agroror|c craracler|sl|cs, oul rucr |ess |s
|roWr aooul lre|r craracler|sl|cs lor
process|rg. Tr|s ||r|ls poss|o|||l|es lor
cu|l|var suosl|lul|or ard reW producl
deve|oprerl.
0eve|op proloco| lor craracler|zal|or ol posl rarvesl ard
process|rg qua||l|es ol cu|l|vars;

Prorole ara|ys|s ol posl rarvesl ard process|rg qua||l|es lor
posl|rg or Weo page (V0l3);

0rgar|ze preparal|or ol a corperd|ur ol cu|l|vars grouped oy
lre|r suosl|lulao|||ly lor process|rg as We|| as lre|r perlorrarce
craracler|sl|cs ard pesl ard d|sease lo|erarce;

0eve|op lVTP |r|l|al|ve or process|rg lypes lo l||| gaps |derl|l|ed
|r corperd|ur;
Process|rg ras oeer proposed as a slralegy
lo reduce posl rarvesl |osses ard seasora|
g|uls.
Redes|gr producl|or syslers oased or lre reeds ol processors
ralrer lrar lry|rg lo des|gr process|rg lo address lre currerl
producl|or proo|ers;
0eve|op sra|| sca|e process|rg lor use ol rejecl lru|ls;
8|od|vers|ly ol |s oe|rg |osl as
producl|or oecores rore rar|el-or|erled.
0eve|op ard docurerl slraleg|es lo add va|ue lo cu|l|var
r|xlures Wr|cr are rar|eled lor lre|r corlr|oul|or lo o|od|vers|ly.
Business strengthening
Producl|or ard lood lecrro|ogy researcr ard
deve|oprerl |s locused pr|rar||y or lecrr|ca|
|ssues ard |s rol oller rar|el or erlerpr|se
or|erled.
Prorole rev|eW ol p|arr|rg procedures oy researcr ard
deve|oprerl orgar|zal|ors lo |derl|ly opporlur|l|es lo
|rcorporale rar|el or erlerpr|se perspecl|ves;

lrcorporale rar|el ard erlerpr|se perspecl|ves lo or|erl acl|ors
|r lulure ru|l|-courlry projecls;
process|rg ous|resses represerl qu|le
d|llererl coro|ral|ors ol cap|la|,
raragererl s||||s, lecrro|og|ca| |eve| ard
lype ol rar|el Wr|cr ca|| lor d|llererl
approacres lo prorol|or ard slrerglrer|rg.
Prorole lre docurerlal|or ol projecls or|erled lo prorol|rg
ard sca||rg up process|rg ous|resses oased or a s|rp|e
lypo|ogy ol ous|ress lypes ard deve|op a dala oase as a
|earr|rg resource lo orgar|zal|ors prepar|rg reW projecls or
process|rg;
Tre lola| vo|ure ol processed |s |oW.
loWever, r|cro process|rg ous|resses
prov|de |rcore opporlur|l|es lo s|gr|l|carl
ruroers ol |oW |rcore rousero|ds Wr|cr
preserl a precar|ous s|lual|or lor qua||ly
|rprovererl ard ous|ress expars|or.
lderl|ly parlrers W|lr relrods exper|erce or sra|| larrer
rar|el slud|es, ous|ress leas|o|||ly ard p|arr|rg, parl|c|palory
lecrro|ogy deve|oprerl, serv|ce prov|der capac|ly ou||d|rg,
ous|ress lo ous|ress co||aooral|or lor lre deve|oprerl ol ru|l|-
courlry projecls or|erled lo rura| deve|oprerl lrrougr va|ue
add|rg lor larrer assoc|al|ors ard r|cro ard sra|| processors.
3.3 Plans for promotion of the results
INIAI has pIanned lhe foIIoving aclivilies lo pionole lhe discussion and use of lhe
iesuIls of lhe counliy sludies and gIolaI voikshop:


17
Oveiviev ailicIe anaIyzing iesuIls of nine case sludies lo le sulnilled lo
InfoMusa. This oveiviev viII aIso piovide an inlioduclion lo an inleinel-lased
iesouice cenlei.
Leaining iesouice cenlei on lhe INIAI vel sile lased piinaiiIy on lhe nelhods
and iesuIls piesenled in lhe case sludies and counliy iepoils:
The foIIoving infoinalion pioducls viII le piepaied and nade avaiIalIe lhiough
lhe vel sile. They viII aIso le disliiluled as haid copy lhiough iegionaI nelvoiks
and in INIAI-inilialed deveIopnenl piojecls:
- Inpioved veision of lhe nelhods guide foi lhe sludy of Musa piocessing
lusinesses and lheii lusiness suppoil enviionnenl vilh iIIuslialions fion
case sludies (eIeclionic foinals in LngIish, Iiench and Spanish, piinled
veisions in LngIish and Iiench depending on funding),
- Conpendiun of counliy iepoils (eIeclionic foinals - oiiginaI Ianguage),
- Conpendiun of 15 piocessing lusinesses iIIuslialing diffeienl pioducls and
lechnoIogies (eIeclionic foinal in LngIish, Iiench and Spanish),
- Wel Iinks lo lusiness deveIopnenl iesouices (CIAT -InleinalionaI Cenlie foi
TiopicaI AgiicuIluie- RuiaI Lnleipiises Inslilule, CATIL CLCOLCO, CDL),
- Dalalase on piojecls vhich pionole piocessing enleipiises foi iuiaI
deveIopnenl.
Iiesenlalion of iesuIls of sludy foi discussion and foIIov-up in iegionaI nelvoiks
in Afiica (pioposed foi financing vilh laIance fion RockefeIIei Ioundalion gianl).
ResuIls have aIieady leen discussed in iegionaI nelvoiks in Asia/Iacific and
Lalin Aneiica.
IoIIov-up lo INIAI inilialives pioposed in IhiIippines voikshop:
- Woiking gioup of food lechnoIogisls have legun lo piepaie a nanuaI
on lhe lasics of Musa piocessing lo le lesled vilh snaII Musa
piocessing lusinesses in Afiica in 2OO7 (pioposed foi financing vilh
laIance fion RockefeIIei Ioundalion gianl),
- Woiking gioup of food lechnoIogisls have legun idenlificalion of
desciiplois of fiuil and puIp quaIily vilh slandaidized pioceduies foi
neasuienenl lo le ievieved and pulIished eIeclionicaIIy ly eaiIy
2OO7,
- Sludy pioposaI in piepaialion foi polenliaI of louiisl holeIs and ciuise
ships as naikel foi Musa liodiveisily in CenliaI Aneiica,
- Ihase II pioposaI lo CIC foi Musa evaIualion and disseninalion
incoipoiales Musa piocessing and lusiness pionolion.


18

Appendix 1: Work plan and budget for workshop and INIBAP-facilitated
support platform to Add value to the banana - Presented to CFC and co-
funders 3 December 2004
AIlhough onIy one lanana, lhe Cavendish lype, doninales gIolaI liade, seveiaI
hundied Musa vaiielies aie cuIlivaled in lhe liopics foi IocaI and uilan naikels and
hone consunplion. Many of lhese lananas aie consuned fiesh. SnaII food-
piocessing enleipiises aIso pioduce and naikel a vide iange of lanana-lased
pioducls (see lalIe). Nev food pioducls lased on lananas aie leing deveIoped. On
anolhei fionl, lanana lieedeis have had iecenl success in deveIoping noie
pioduclive and disease iesislanl cuIlivais. INIAI and ils pailneis have leen lesling
nev cuIlivais fion IHIA, CARAI, and IITA in ovei 2O counliies lhioughoul lhe
liopics. These cuIlivais aie nol exacl iepIicales of liadilionaI cuIlivais in leins of
lexluie and lasle, lul couId seive as iav naleiiaI foi innovalive lanana pioducls. In
conjunclion vilh inpioved nanagenenl lechniques, lhese cuIlivais and addilionaI
cuIlivais undei deveIopnenl vilh inpioved ealing quaIilies iepiesenl a polenliaI
lhal pioduclion exceed IocaI denand, especiaIIy duiing peak haivesl peiiods.
Conveiling peiishalIe Musa fiuils fion highei yieIding cuIlivais inlo lanana-lased
pioducls vilh Iongei sheIf Iife and deveIoping lanana-lased pioducls vhich aie
noie convenienl and appeaIing lo lhe gioving uilan naikels vilh gioving
disposalIe incone aie polenliaI palhvays lo geneiale vaIue fion lhese nev
lechnoIogies and inpiove lhe veII-leing of iuiaI connunilies. Ioi INIAI and ils
pailneis lhis neans Iinking geinpIasn coIIeclion, evaIualion, and inpiovenenl
vhich has leen lheii liadilionaI focus vilh fain-lo-naikel channeIs, lanana
piocessing lechnoIogies and enleipiise slienglhening, nev aieas foi lhe iegionaI
Musa nelvoiks and nalionaI Musa seclois.
INIAI has ieceived financing fion lhe Connon Iund foi Connodilies (CIC) lo
docunenl lechnoIogies cuiienlIy used in innovalive lanana piocessing enleipiises
and lo pionole lhen lhiough a gIolaI voikshop. This voikshop has leen
scheduIed foi nid lo Iale 2OO5 foi lhe IhiIippines. INIAI is oiganizing funding lo
lioaden lhe sludy and lhe voikshop lo deveIop a suppoil pIalfoin foi lellei
lanana-pioducl enleipiises. INIAI is Iinking dispeised expeilise and knovIedge
and pulIic and piivale secloi expeiience anong a ieIevanl gioup of slakehoIdeis
vhich viII seive as a suppoil pIalfoin foi inilialives foi noie dynanic lanana-
pioducl enleipiises. The lhenes lo le coveied ly lhe pIalfoin incIude lanana
piocessing lechnoIogy, lechnicaI and lusiness aspecls of enleipiise deveIopnenl,
aIleinalive piojecl appioaches lo enleipiise deveIopnenl, and suppoil syslen
Iinkages lo inciease enleipiise success.
Lxpecled oulpuls:
Menlei counliies in INIAI-faciIilaled nelvoiks vilh lioadened focus on
piocessing enleipiises foi iuiaI veII leing:
Leaining iesouices on Musa piocessing enleipiises slienglhening:


19
- VaIidaled nelhod foi lechnicaI and lusiness anaIysis of snaII scaIe Musa-
piocessing enleipiise vilh 2O case sludies lo exenpIify piocessing lechnoIogy
and enleipiise issues,
- Invenloiy of piojecls foi pionoling and slienglhening Musa-piocessing
enleipiises,
- Melhod lo anaIyze IocaI/nalionaI suppoil syslen foi Musa-piocessing enleipiise
slail-up vilh 8 counliy sludies lo exenpIify diffeiences in enleipiise suppoil
syslens in diffeienl counliies,
Iiioiilies, ieconnendalions, lhenes foi nev piojecls, foIIov-up aclions foi Musa
piocessing enleipiise pIalfoin idenlified ly voikshop pailicipanls,
6o-fund|ng
Act|v|ty 0ate
6F6
budget
|N|AP 6TA 0ther
Preserlal|or ol va|ue-added ous|ress slraleg|es
lor |r 1 reg|ora| relWor|s (10 courlr|es)
Corp|eled
Jure-Nov
2001
S20,000
lr|ps/l|re
S10,000
reel|rgs

Velrod deve|oprerl lor oarara process|rg
erlerpr|se sludy, prol||e ol ous|ress supporl
erv|rorrerl ard docurerlal|or ol projecl
prorol|rg process|rg ous|ress
Jaruary
2005
S3,000 S,000 S3,850
Case slud|es Lal|r Arer|ca - erlerpr|ses, 2
ous|ress supporl erv|rorrerl, 2 projecls
Feoruary S8,000 S5,000 S5,000
Case slud|es Easl/3oulrerr Alr|ca - erlerpr|ses,
2 ous|ress supporl erv|rorrerl, 2 projecls
Apr|| S8,000 S5,000 S5,000
Case slud|es As|a - erlerpr|ses, 2 ous|ress
supporl erv|rorrerl, 2 projecls
Vay S8,000 S5,000 S5,000
Case slud|es wesl/Cerlra| Alr|ca - erlerpr|ses,
2 ous|ress supporl erv|rorrerl, 2 projecls
Jure S8,000 S5,000 S5,000
wor|srop |r Pr|||pp|res Terlal|ve
|ale Ju|y
S3,595 S28,000 S15,000 S8,000
21 parl|c|parls S18,000
1 parl|c|parls S32,000
parl|c|parls S12,000
Erlerpr|se la|r S3,000 S2,000
Preparal|or ol C0 0ur|rg
Wor|rsrop
S2,000
Varua|/case slud|es or lre prorol|or ol
producl erlerpr|ses (Erg||sr, Frercr, 3par|sr)
Augusl-
0cl 2005
S12,000 S11,000
Preserlal|or Wor|srop resu|ls |r reg|ora| relWor|s Augusl-
Nov 2005
S12,000 S12,000
0|slr|oul|or rarua|/case slud|es |r reg|ora|
relWor|s
Nov 2005-
Nov 200

S20,000
lrave|/l|re
S10,000 reg|ora|
reel|rgs



20
Appendix 2: How can we add more value to bananas and plantains a
preliminary survey
Since lhe earIy 1990's scienlisls have roduced aboul a dozen nev banana and Ianlain
cuIlivars vhich are resislanl lo cerlain esls and diseases and can roduce doubIe or lriIe
lhe yieId of lhe IocaI cuIlivars. In lhe nexl 10-20 years scienlisls viII breed many more
cuIlivars vilh high roduclion caabiIily. WiII more bananas and Ianlains mean more
money and grealer veII being for farm househoIds and ruraI communilies`
In deveIoing counlries 55% of lhe economic vaIue of lhe agricuIluraI seclor derives from
osl-roduclion aclivilies, vhiIe in more deveIoed economies over 80% of lhe vaIue of
agricuIlure is from osl-roduclion. The message is cIear. More income and grealer veII
being from more bananas and Ianlains is more IikeIy lo come from osl-roduclion
aclivilies. IrequenlIy, hovever, osl-roduclion is conlroIIed by urban-based businesses
and lraders.
Hov can lhe increasing vaIue of bananas and Ianlains lhal comes from rocessing and
markeling benefil ruraI househoIds and communilies` Tvo eIemenls are imorlanl:
Competitive small and medium rural enterprises for processing and
marketing;
A dynamic information and services support system which supports
innovation and competitiveness among rural enterprises.
Imagine yourseIf vilh a fev cros fieIds and needing more income! Hov aboul rocessing
your bananas for saIe! Your chaIIenge is lo lake lhis iniliaI idea, deveIo il, lesl il, and lhen
begin roduclion for saIe. ul you need addilionaI informalion - vhal lo roduce, for vhal
buyers, lechniques for rocessing, hov lo ackage il, vho viII seII il, vho are lhe
comelilors, hov lo finance lhe cosls. Wilh your smaII-scaIe enlerrise your chaIIenge is lo
organize informalion, knovIedge, maleriaIs, and Iabour lo creale somelhing vilh addilionaI
vaIue. Irom an iniliaI idea, you need lo sludy, Ian, and lesl lo deveIo a rololye for
smaII scaIe roduclion vhich may grov or faiI. Once you are eslabIished, a neighbour mighl
imrove on your idea and lake your cuslomers. Or a nev roducl aears from anolher
region or counlry vhich is more inleresling lo buyers. To defend lhe vaIue you have
crealed, you need lo roduce more efficienlIy or you need an imroved roducl or maybe an
imroved ackage. You may need lo imrove your business managemenl skiIIs beller cosl
accounling, beller markel informalion.
To sel u a smaII business, creale vaIue, and slay comelilive, a farm or viIIage househoId
musl drav on informalion and services from olher sources. Ideas for roducls, lechnicaI
informalion on hov lo rocess bananas for |uice, figs, fIour, chis, mals, ackaging maleriaIs,
equimenl for rocessing, financing for exanded faciIilies, dislribulors lo nev markels,
business managemenl skiIIs. We can refer lo lhis veb as lhe informalion and services
suorl syslem. In some IocaIilies such informalion and services are nol readiIy avaiIabIe.
In olher regions usefuI informalion and services can be acquired more easiIy.
The reIiminary queslionnaire on lhe foIIoving ages is designed lo heI us anaIyze
lhe chaIIenges of romoling smaII ruraI rocessing enlerrises and slrenglhening lhe
suorl syslem vhich logelher Iead lo more vaIue from banana and Ianlain and
grealer ruraI veII being. Three areas are addressed: roducls soId, lechnicaI
rocessing services, enlerrise skiII suorl.


21
Preliminary questionnaire: Small banana and plantain-processing
businesses and their support system of information and services
1. What banana and plantain-based products are sold:

1.a. IiII in lalIe desciiling lanana and pIanlain-lased pioducls pioduced and soId
ly foinaI secloi (IegaIIy iegisleied lusinesses). Visil supeinaikels and snaIIei
shops in cily, lovn, viIIage. Lisl lanana and pIanlain-lased pioducls found.
Conpaie nunlei and quaIily of lanana and pIanlain-lased pioducls lo olhei siniIai
foods fion olhei iav naleiiaIs. Nole vhelhei lhey aie pioduced nalionaIIy oi
inpoiled.
Type ol oarara
or p|arla|r
producl
Cu|l|var
used
Nal|ora| ard |oca| |aoe|s
lrporled
orards
Frequercy
corpared lo olrer
s|r||ar lood
producls
0ua||ly ol pac|ag|rg
corpared lo olrer
producls












Indicale lhe piepaied food ilens fion lhe foinaI secloi in vhich lanana and pIanlain
aie a ninoi ingiedienl`

1.l. Indicale lhe alundanl lanana and pIanlain pioducls pioduced and soId ly
infoinaI secloi (snaII scaIe and IocaI - on slieels, ioadside slands, lus slops, soId ly
chiIdien)
Type ol oarara or p|arla|r
producl
Cu|l|var used
Frequercy corpared lo
olrer s|r||ar lood producls
0ua||ly ol pac|ag|rg ard
preserlal|or corpared lo
olrer producls



Indicale lhe piepaied food ilens fion lhe infoinaI secloi in vhich lanana and pIanlain
aie a ninoi ingiedienl`



22
2. Quick inventory of the support sectors for technical processing
aspects of banana or plantain product businesses:

2.a. Indicale lhe souices of infoinalion/lechnicaI expeilise/liaining couises on
lanana oi pIanlain piocessing lechniques foi snaII-scaIe lusinesses:

- Iisl univeisilies/ieseaich cenlies vilh food science piogians ( voik on
lanana/pIanlain):


- piivale conpanies, consuIlanls vhich piovide lechnicaI expeilise on
piocessing ( voik on lananas oi pIanlain):


2.l. Indicale piivale secloi souices of piocessing equipnenl and packaging naleiiaI
foi snaII-scaIe slail-up enleipiises. Aie olhei souices used ly nediun and Iaige
scaIe lusinesses` Aie naleiiaIs and equipnenl faliicaled nalionaIIy oi IocaIIy`
(Ieihaps a coIIeague in lhe food science depailnenl nighl have infoinalion lo
ansvei lhis queslion. Oi a visil lo a neaily snaII lusiness.)



2.c. Indicale liade faiis oi associalions of snaII food piocessing lusinesses. Whal aie
lheii aclivilies` Hov nany nenleis do lhey have`



2.d. Whal aie infoinalion souices avaiIalIe lo snaII lusinesses on IocaI / nalionaI /
inleinalionaI naikels foi lanana and pIanlain pioducls` Hov easy is il lo access` Is
il up-lo-dale`


23
3. Sectors related to small business set up and operations:

3.a Indicale goveinnenl piogians and offices vhich pionole snaII scaIe piocessing
enleipiises. Whal seivices do lhey offei`



Indicale univeisilies, piivale cenlies, and NCOs vhich have piogians oi suppoil foi
snaII-scaIe piocessing lusinesses.



Indicale any speciaI piojecls lo pionole snaII-scaIe piocessing enleipiises vilh
lanana/pIanlain oi olhei siniIai ciops. Indicale aIso donoi, possilIe conlacls.




3.l. Indicale souices of ciedil foi snaII-scaIe piocessing enleipiises, incIuding
goveinnenl piogians, lanks, IocaI oiganizalions, coopeialives, and infoinaI secloi.
Have lheie leen any sludies aloul ciedil avaiIaliIily`



3.c. Indicale goveinnenl agencies oi offices vhich noniloi and ieguIale snaII-scaIe
piocessing lusinesses: voikei safely, food safely, enviionnenlaI ieguIalions,
pioducl iegislialion:



4. Are there studies or statistics which are useful in knowing more about
size and nature of the banana and plantain product business?

Whal is lhe conliilulion of lhe lanana and pIanlain piocessing secloi lo lhe gioss
nalionaI pioducl and lhe gioss agiicuIluiaI pioducl`


24
Appendix 3: Methods guide


METHODS for the ANALYSIS
of MUSA PROCESSING BUSINESSES
and their SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT:
A GUIDE for FACILITATORS



Ruth Junkin CATIE CECECO
Charles Staver IPGRI INIBAP
Sith Ying Snchez private consultant

April 2005



25
Table of Contents



INTRODUCTION

A PRELIMINARY VIEW OF MUSA PROCESSING
Banana and Plantain Products on the market
Technical support sector
Sectors Related to Small Business start up and operations
Size and Nature of processing sector businesses
Production Potential

FORMING A NATIONAL (OR LOCAL) TEAM
Presentation of the goals of the study and the proposed methodology
Participant presentation of the strategies of their organizations
Mapping and characterization of processing businesses
Mapping and characterization of providers of business services and
development assistance
Description of mechanisms, policies and programmes which promote
or inhibit the development of Musa processing businesses
Accessing secondary information on production, processing and
service providers
Developing a plan to carry out the study

ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING BUSINESSES
General information on the business
The original idea and the start up/establishment of the business
Technology and organization of the processing line of Musa
How is the business linked into the market
How is the business managed
Analyzing and summarizing the results on each business
Principal strengths and weaknesses
Analysis of the potential contribution to Rural Development


26

Analysis of the Support Services
Interview guide for businesses and organizations
Learning from projects for the promotion of small processing businesses

Processing and organizing the results of the study
Planning and carrying out the final workshop
Follow up by the national team and workshop participants






27
INTRODUCTION



Traditionally, the organizations dedicated to bananas and plantains have dedicated their
efforts towards germplasm, new cultivars, pest management and agronomic practices.
Although these themes are highly relevant to increasing crop productivity, they do not cover
numerous options of how bananas and plantains might contribution to improved livelihoods.
The processing and marketing of banana and plantain products is one of such opportunities
that requires a broader analytical perspective and work plans.

For rural households of modest means the decision to start up a small Musa processing
business is quite serious. The challenge is to convert an inspiration into a viable plan for a
profitable business. The future business owner has to gather diverse information what to
produce, for which consumers or clients, what production techniques to use, how to package
and distribute the product, how to compete with other similar small businesses and how to
finance the initial investment. Once the business has been set up, the business needs to be
vigilant to keep up quality and quantity standards, respond to an often fluctuating demand,
keep informed about the competition and maintain and improve the standards of the
equipment and the building.

Many rural businesses still do not have the technical and management capacity to compete
effectively in markets which are more and more demanding. They face difficulties to identify
market opportunities, to diverse their clients and to comply with demands of quality, quantity
and timeliness. All successful businesses access business support organizations for
services in marketing, management and production line design. The small processing
business needs not only business support services, but also support services which provide
inputs such as raw material in a reliable supply, inputs, machinery, and packaging materials
to produce their final products.

In many cases, development organizations, NGOs or consultants offer these services as part
of projects or programmes for development. Such services are also available to a limited
extent on a commercial basis. However, often these services are not well designed on the
needs of the businesses which most need their services. In some regions services may be
absent or not available to small, low capital businesses. The methods in this guide propose
to look at the match between the needs of Musa processing businesses and the services
offered by business development agencies, technical assistance groups and private sector.
The strengthening of service providers which operate in rural communities where many small
processing businesses are located represent an opportunity to contribute to the sustainable
development and competitiveness of the small business sector.

This guide has several objectives:
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of small Musa processing businesses;
Analyze the availability of information and services for small rural processing businesses
which contribute to their efforts to compete;
Analyze the potential of small processing businesses to contribute to rural development;
Profile the mechanisms for information flow and collaboration and areas of non-
communication among the important agents linked to adding value to Musa through
processing;
Analyze the experience of a project which promoted small rural processing businesses;


28
Identify possible strategies for improving the conditions for the start up and expansion of
small processing businesses which contribute to rural development. These strategies may
depend on closer links among specialists from production, food processing and business
support;

This guide is for use by research and development agencies working with Musa. Tools and
methods are provided to analyse the needs of small processing operations to consolidate
and expand their businesses. The proposed approach calls for a collaboration among
agronomists, food technologists and small business advisors.

The diagnostic tools and methods proposed identify the strengths and weaknesses of small
businesses from a technical as well as a business point of view. The tools, at the same time,
are designed to identify the links from small businesses to providers of different kinds of
service and information to solve their problems and expand their production and sales
inputs, machinery, technical design and layout, technical trouble-shooting, marketing,
finances, management and planning. In this way, the team and other national collaborators
can analyse the relations among the different agents in the whole sector, which contribute to
or make difficult the start up and expansion of new businesses.

The guide diagnoses the support environment for the development of micro and small
businesses which have grown up in rural and small town households with modest resources.
In general, such businesses use simple production and administrative systems. For the
study of such businesses as well as their support environment, we will observe the following
points:
Infrastructure and equipment
Availability and use of inputs
Production processes
Administration
Short term and strategic planning and financial management
Markets and marketing
Investment strategies
Transportation and logistics

By comparing the needs of the processing businesses and the availability of support
services, we will be able to identify preliminary strategies to strengthen the business support
environment for the establishment of processing businesses which contribute to rural
development.

The proposed method has six sections described in the following pages:

1. A preliminary survey of Musa processing
2. Forming a national (or local) team and mapping the sector
3. An analysis of processing businesses
4. An analysis of support sector businesses
5. Documentation of the work of a project dedicated to small rural processing business
6. Processing and analyzing results


29
I. A Preliminary View of Musa processing


To begin the analysis of Musa processing businesses and their business support
environment we begin by gathering quite basic information on products sold, the
characteristics and location of the businesses, their sources of inputs and other basic
services and the organizations which offer technical and business advice.

In this first section the questionnaire orients how we collect and organize preliminary
information before a more detailed study. The sources of information can be varied
contacts, other studies and reports, visits to sales areas, even internet.

A. Banana and plantain products on the market

Fill in table describing banana and plantain-based products produced and sold by formal
sector (legally registered businesses) and by the informal sector (small scale and local in
the street, at bus stops, sold by children)? Visit supermarkets and smaller shops in city,
town, village. List banana and plantain-based products found. Compare number and quality
of banana and plantain-based products to other similar foods from other raw materials. Note
whether they are produced nationally or imported and from the informal or formal sector.

Type of
banana or
p|anta|n
product
6u|t|var
used
Nat|ona| and |oca|
|abe|s (note whether
forma| or |nforma|}
|mported
brands
Frequency compared
to other s|m||ar food
products
Pr|mary s|tes of
sa|e













Indicate the prepared food items from the formal sector in which banana and plantain are a
minor ingredient?

Indicate the banana and plantain products produced and sold by informal sector in which
bananas and plantains are a minor ingredient?


30
B. Technical support sector a quick inventory

Make a list with a short description of programs, projects and organizations which promote or
support small scale processing businesses. This list should include:
Universities and research centres with food science programs
Private companies and consultants which provide technical information on processing
Businesses which provide processing equipment, packaging material and other
inputs used in food processing
Food processing associations or chambers of commerce
Commercial fairs
Information sources on markets

Type of organ|zat|on
8erv|ces offered and to what s|ze
bus|ness
7 serv|ce or|ented to Musa




















C. Sectors related to small business set up and operations

Make a list with a short description of programs, projects and organizations which promote
and/or support small processing businesses. The list should include:
Universities, private offices and NGOs which have programs with services for small
businesses
Credit agencies or funds for small scale businesses from the government, banks,
local credit cooperatives or sources of commercial credit.
Government agencies and offices which regulate and monitor small processing
businesses (worker safety, food quality, environmental safety, product registration,
businesses licensing)


31
Support sector for the Small Business

Type of organ|zat|on Name of organ|zat|on 8erv|ce offered 6ontact |nfo:



















Special projects are also often set up to promote the establishment of rural processing
businesses of Musa and other crops. Please list projects in the past 10 years in the country
or local region which have promoted rural processing business. Who was the donor? Which
organization ran them? Do you know a contact person?

1.

2.

3.

4.

D. Size and nature of processing sector businesses

List here any studies or statistics which are useful in knowing more about size and nature of
the banana and plantain product business? Are there any studies which estimate the
potential size of the market for processed products, especially relating to particular
constraints? Have any other diagnostic studies been done on processing businesses or the
general business environment for small rural enterprises?






32


What is the contribution of the banana and plantain processing sector to the gross national
product and the gross agricultural product?

E. Production potential
To evaluate the potential for the development of Musa processing businesses, it is useful to
have a general overview of the national production by types of Musa. In the chart below,
information can be organized by category of Musa according to the situation in each country.

Productive potential


P|anta|n 0essert banana 6ook|ng banana
Tota| product|on area

Annua| vo|ume of
product|on

7 so|d fresh for nat|ona|
consumpt|on


7 processed for sa|e for
nat|ona| market


7 exported fresh

7 exported |n processed
form

33
II. FORMING A NATIONAL {OR LOCAL) TEAM

The national team will lead the planning and implementation of the study of small processing
businesses and their support environment. The team should be composed of key agents in
the Musa sector which have interest and actions directed towards the development of
processing businesses.

The information completed in the preliminary survey will assist in the identification of key
actors who might be invited to participate in the national or local team. In the case of large
countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, Philippines, India, Colombia, etc, teams may be
convened by region rather than at the national level. Even in small countries it may be more
manageable to cover a small region in the study rather than the whole country. In each of
the categories listed below at least three potential partners or participants might be identified
to participate in the national study team.

Representatives of government ministries and offices which promote small rural
businesses regulate small businesses (product licenses and standards, worker
safety, environmental hazards), provide credit or technical assistance for small
businesses, which promote cooperative businesses, which organize technical
assistance, which develop policies on technology development. Where possible
these should have particular links to Musa.
Universities or research and development centres on food technology and
processing, including Musa.
Representative of the national Musa programme which represents the country in the
regional Musa network and other key team members related to processing.
NGOs and other support organizations which provide business support services to
small rural processing businesses
Representatives of small business association, association from the food industry or
other business organizations
Representatives of consumers organizations if such exist in the country.

The participants in the national team ideally should have experience and professional
preparation in agronomy, food technology, small business promotion and management and
community development. This will contribute to a multi-disciplinary approach and potential
future collaborative programs. The national leader or principal scientist who represents the
country in the regional INIBAP-facilitated Musa network can play a key role in the team. He
or she might participate directly or delegate a member of their research group.

A workshop to do a preliminary characterization of the processing sector
The representatives from the different sectors can be convened for a workshop of about one
day to set up the foundation of the study. The agenda for the workshop should include the
following points:



34
F. Presentation of the goals of the study and the proposed methodology

A facilitator presents the goals of the study and the methods to be used. The participants
can be given a copy of the guide before the workshop. In this way they can review the
proposal before the workshop and come prepared with comments and questions.

G. Participant presentation of the strategies of their organization

Each person introduces themselves and quickly describes their group. Later in the workshop
they can provide more information about their activities in support of the Musa sector.


35
Characterization of Processing Businesses

Type of
bus|ness
Est|mated
number of
bus|nesses
Pr|mary
geograph|c
|ocat|on
Type of owners
Pr|nc|pa|
products
Techno|ogy
emp|oyed
8ources of
raw
mater|a|s
Pr|mary
market
Pr|nc|pa|
cha||enges
faced
Pr|nc|pa|
opportun|t|es

























36
H. Mapping and characterization of processing businesses

The first question is: How many processing businesses are there and how can we group them?
What are the characteristics for grouping number of employees, type of technology, type of
product, market which is targeted, permits and registration? Once the groups are identified, they
can be represented on a large paper. For each group their number and other important
characteristics can be noted. The relationships among the businesses can also be discussed
and represented with arrows, lines and descriptive phrases. At the same time the matrix A
Characterization of Processing Businesses - can also be completed with basic information on
each group. The information compiled in the preliminary survey may be useful for this task

I. Mapping and characterization of providers of business services and
development assistance
To the map we can next add those businesses which provide services to processing businesses.
These include inputs for processing, inputs for packaging, machinery, and small equipment.
Another group provides technical and business development services such as business
management, market studies and information, financial services such as accounting, credit,
technical assistance on production and marketing and industrial engineering. These can be
represented on the map with lines, arrows and descriptive phases to communicate the
relationships among the sectors. Some providers may be linked to a single type of business,
while others may serve diverse types of businesses. An example is shown of the initial mapping
done in Costa Rica by a small group from the production and processing sector in February
2005.
In this discussion and mapping, the matrix can also be completed - Characterization of the
Providers of Services for Business Support and Development. The information compiled in the
preliminary survey may also be useful in this task.

Once this matrix has been completed, the most important (organizations, agencies, projects,
offices, associations) actors can be selected for an analysis of the relationships among them.
For this discussion the matrix Relationships among key Actors can be used. The group can
discuss how the actors collaborate, compete, coordinate, ignore each other, divide up the work
or work in separate areas without any interactions.



37


Characterization of Providers of services for Business Support and Development

Type of
bus|ness
Est|mated
number of
bus|nesses
Pr|mary
geograph|c
|ocat|on
Types of owners
Pr|mary
products
offered
who are pr|mary
c||ents and how do
they access
serv|ces
Pr|nc|pa| weaknesses
who are most
|mportant actors of
th|s type

























38
Interactions among key actors

Actor 1 Actor 2 Actor 3 Actor 4 Actor 5 Actor 6 Actor 7 Actor 8 Actor 9
Actor 1



Actor 2


Actor 3


Actor 4


Actor 5


Actor 6


Actor 7


Actor 8


Actor 9





39





40
J. Description of mechanisms, policies and programmes which promote or
inhibit the development of Musa processing businesses
To complete the mapping, the group can identify the mechanisms which exist to create more
effective communication among the different actors. How do groups of actors access new
information? Are there policies which seek to promote processing businesses? Are there
known problems which result from policies which inhibit new business development? Do these
policies favour certain types of businesses over others? These can be listed and described in
the format below and can be added to the map.

Mechanisms, policies and programs
Name Pr|nc|pa| 6haracter|st|cs










K. Accessing secondary information on production, processing and service
providers

It is worthwhile to take a brief moment with the participants to share the list of studies, survey
and statistics which has been compiled on Musa processing. There may be other studies which
have been done, but which have not been circulated widely among agents in the sector.

L. Developing a plan to carry out the study

At the end of the workshop, the group can then develop a work plan, budget, dates and people
for the study. The following activities are proposed:

interviews and visits to 2-4 Musa processing businesses,
interviews with the principal business development service providers,
interviews with several providers of technical and input providers to processing businesses.
documentation of a project dedicated to rural processing business development.
final workshop to review results.
Interview teams should be organized with different specializations (production, processing and
business development) represented in each team.




41
III. ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING BUSINESSES


The method proposes a visit and interview to profile a sample of Musa processing businesses.
Several steps are involved:

Choice of businesses to be profiled

From the list that was established in the initial survey, a sample of 2-4 businesses can be
selected, taking into account the following issues:

Work in the regions considered of primary importance for the organizations of the
national team. The final decision on the number and location of the businesses to be
interviewed will depend on the size of the country, the number of zones of particular
interest and the time and budget available for the study.
Select a cross section of businesses with varied characteristics in years in operation,
size, organizational structure (association, cooperative, family, partnerships) and final
product.

Making contact with processing businesses and setting up a date for an interview

About one half day will be needed for the visit and interview with each processing business.
When requesting an interview, a time should be chosen to assure the owner or representative
can dedicate full attention to the interview. It may also be useful to see the processing
operations in action. If possible, other important employees might be available to participate in
the interview, such as the administrator, the floor supervisor, someone from marketing or other
members of the management. In the case of a family business, these jobs may all be done by a
few people.

An overview of the interview and visit

The facilitator of the study should convene the other members of the team for the visit to the
processing plant of about 2 hours. The team will gather the following information:

General information
How the business was started the original idea and the start up process
Technology and the organization of the processing procedure
How is the processing business connected to the marketing chain
Organization and management of the business

Since the team is multi-disciplinary, each member can carry out the different sections of the
interview. For example, the food scientist can conduct the interview on technology and the
organization of the processing procedure and the business development specialist can gather
the information on the organization and management of the business. Often the team will need
to adjust the methods described here according to the situation of business or the person being
interviewed. The businesses may consider some information too sensitive to reveal. In such
cases general information is acceptable. Those interviewed also have the right to not answer.


42
A team member might also take digital photos of the building, owner and staff, the products and
the processing line, if the owner agrees.
Processing the information

As soon after each interview as possible, the team should meet to discuss and process the
results and develop conclusions. This will make full use of the different professions which are
represented in the team.

M. General Information on the business:


Name of the Business:

Address:

Telephone: Fax: email address:


Names of the contacts which provided information and their position in the company:




What are the primary products produced by the business? (Including label, weight, size,
packaging, pricing). The products have any kind of certification?




Who are the clients for the products as they leave the factory?





Who are the final consumers of the products?







43
N. The Original idea and the start up/establishment of the business:

In what year was the business set up? Who was responsible for setting it up?
Where did the idea for a business come from? Where there any special circumstances which contributed to the start-up? Where other products
also considered?
How were the following developed - the technical knowledge, the idea for the market, the feasibility study, the investment plan? Who were key
sources of information and collaboration? Were any organizations, agencies, projects or paid consultants involved in the start-up?
Did you do initial tests of the product, of the market, of the equipment?
How was the expansion achieved? How did you realize there were opportunities for growth? Did you have any special collaborators as you
grew or became better established? What was key information which contributed to growth and where did it come from?
Have you used credit or other financial services for expansion? Where from and for what investment? Did you consider it and turn it down?
For what reason?
What have been the key changes in the life of the business? How did they come about?
Did you have any special difficulties at any point? How did you resolve them? Were there any important information sources? Describe them.
What have been the most important information sources contributing to the success of the business? What has been the most difficult
information to obtain?
Time Line: A method to organize the discussion
In this section, we want to document where the original idea for the business came from, how it
was started and the important steps in its consolidation and expansion. To assist the
organization of the information, a time line can be used. Begin the line when the idea for the
business was generated and continue until the present time. The following questions will help
you to construct the line.


44
O. Technology and organization of the processing line of Musa:



step:
Vo|ume|t|me:
0escr|pt|on of area and equ|pment
used, |nputs and too|s
0escr|pt|on of act|v|ty, t|me, who
does |t, what spec|a| sk|||s and
tra|n|ng
Poss|b|e prob|ems wh|ch may occur,
spec|a| qua||ty contro| |ssues and
techn|ques
0bta|n|ng raw mater|a|









A tour through the workshop or plant: a Method for to promote discussion
In this section, the person being interviewed explains how he or she produces their most
important Musa product from obtaining the raw material to the storage of the product. To
facilitate the sequence of information gathering, the study team can walk the plant with the
manager, stopping to discuss each step in the processing line, volumes of inputs, rates of
production, time required, the number of persons working in each stage and their skill needs and
the special issues with quality control at each stage. The food technologists may be able to
clarify certain issues and provide additional information to the rest of the team after the visit has
been completed.


45

step:
Vo|ume|t|me:
0escr|pt|on of area and equ|pment
used, |nputs and too|s
0escr|pt|on of act|v|ty, t|me, who
does |t, what spec|a| sk|||s and
tra|n|ng
Poss|b|e prob|ems wh|ch may occur,
spec|a| qua||ty contro| |ssues and
techn|ques
















Product storage
(loW rucr l|re car lre
producl oe slored al lre
Wor|srop? ls producl oller
|osl |r slorages?)




46
What happens with waste products, sub-products, waste water, used inputs?

|n wh|ch step 0escr|be type and quant|ty of waste
products:
how and where are they manager
before e||m|nat|on
how are they e||m|nated













Does the business have to comply with norms and inspections of worker safety, health and quality? Describe!!


47
Map of the Installations: (In this sheet, we want to understand the overall dimensions of the factory, the location
of the primary activities and the route which the raw material and then the semi-processed product takes in the
building.)


48
P. How is the business linked into the market chain


Where is the raw material obtained? How many providers of raw material are maintained? Who purchases and transports the raw
material? Are the providers of raw materials stable? What are the price arrangements with raw material providers (long term fixed
contracts, weekly contracts, daily purchase at lowest price, etc)?
Do you require special characteristics in the raw material? Is there much difference in the quality of raw material available? Does the price
vary by quality?
Where does the product go once it has been processed and packaged in the workshop or factory? Is it stored outside someplace by
buyers? For how long?
Who are the direct purchasers of your products? How does the product reach these clients? Are relations stable with clients? How is
payment made (cash, credit, monthly accounts, etc)? How are prices determined? Are sales final or is unsold product returned?
Do volumes of product sold each week vary from week to week? Do prices vary throughout the year for the product? How long is the
shelf life of the product? How long does it take for a whole batch to be sold? What happens if it is not sold?
How are new clients identified? Is there any advertising?
Who are the principal competitors? How are these competitors studied and analyzed? How do you get market information?
What do your clients do with the product (distribute to other sellers, sell it directly, process it for sale in a different form, etc)? (If there are
additional steps to reach the final consumer, this question can be repeated?)
What are the services that you use in each of these steps such as inputs, credit, business management, market information services? At
which point in the chain?
Do you have any special sources or contacts when you have emergency problems with equipment, with regulations and licensing or with
finances and bookkeeping?
Do you have any special needs for services which are not met? Any research which you would like to see done? Have you tried to
develop a Musa product which needs further research or for which technology is not available?



Mapping the chain: a method to generate the information
To help organize the discussion on this point, a simple map of the production chain to which the
business is linked can be used. This map should include the direct agents in the chain and then
can be complemented with the service providers. The following questions will aid in filling out
the map.




49
Q. How is the business managed


What are the short, medium and long term objectives of the business? (In the case in
which they are well defined, they can be documented. If they are not defined, then
during the interview the team can help in their clarification. The objectives can be
economic, technical and marketing.)
What are the primary challenges which the business faces? Who helps to meet these
challenges? Individuals and organizations? What service or information do they
provide?
Does the business receive any business management services? Any advisory service in
business management? Who are the principal providers? What are the conditions to
receive the services (fees, membership in a group, etc.)?
Does the business belong to any association or chamber of commerce?
How many employees does the business have? What are their positions and their
responsibilities? A diagram of the organization might be useful to illustrate the
relationships among the different positions. Do all the people who work in the factory
receive salary? Did any of the staff receive professional training?
How does the business insure that the employees have the abilities to carry out their
work? Are there training programs for employees?
Does the business maintain account books? Do you register costs? How frequently?
Do you balance the accounts? How frequently?
Do you have operating plans and budgets? Do you have problems sometimes to pay
staff and providers?
Does the business make a profit? Does the business have lots of debt?

Semi-structured interview: Method to gather information
In this section, we discuss how the business is managed, its strengths, the challenges, market
strategies and how tasks such as planning, financing and human resources are managed. A
guide based on a series of questions has been prepared and should be used with the director of
the business or some other person who has ample knowledge of how the business is run daily
and its longer-term strategies.



50
R. Analyzing and summarizing the results

At the end of the interview, once they have left the business site, the team should meet to
summarize the primary findings of the visit. These can be categorized in three groups:
principal strengths
principal weaknesses
potential contribution to rural or community development

1. Principal strengths and weaknesses

Discuss and make notes in the following table:

Principal strengths and weaknesses

Area strengths weaknesses
Phys|ca| structure and
equ|pment


Ava||ab|||ty and use of |nputs


Product|on process




Adm|n|strat|on


P|ann|ng, f|nanc|a| management,
strateg|es




Harkets and market|ng


F|nanc|a| cap|ta|




Transportat|on and |og|st|cs




0thers







51
2. Analysis of the potential contribution to rural development

INIBAP, IPGRI and many national organizations and NGOs have as an objective to contribute to
rural or community development possibly by the promotion of small businesses. To measure
this contribution, we will identify how the business contributes to the five types of capital defined
in the sustainable livelihoods framework.
1


Contribution of the Business to Rural Development

6ap|ta| 0ef|n|t|on 0uest|ons to ask about the bus|ness
human Education; knowledge, skills, health,
nutrition, labour availability during the year
Does the business contribute to a local
population with additional skills and experience?
Is the work place healthy?
8oc|a| Integration among members of the
community; membership in business, social
or political groups; relations which
contribute to the local potential for
development
Does the business contribute to stable and
positive local social relations? Does the
business provide opportunities for establishing
linkages outside the community?
Phys|ca| Physical infrastructure,
telecommunications, electricity, water,
health centres, schools, equipment and
tools for production
Does the business contribute to the development
of physical capital for production, for economic
growth or for physical infrastructure at the local
level
F|nanc|a| Sources of income during the year (jobs,
remittances, labour migration, etc), savings,
credit, debts
Does the business contribute to an increase in
income in local households? Does the business
attract other businesses?
Natura| Access to natural resources such as land;
condition of soils, water, local biodiversity,
agricultural activity
Does the business adequately dispose of waste
products? Does it use resources otherwise
needed for marginal sectors? Is the business a
good neighbour (smoke, smells, noise)?

The analysis of the potential rural development benefits should be done for each business.
There are two steps for this analysis identification of the groups of persons in the business and
its surroundings and then analysis of the actual and potential benefits for each group. At the
end these benefits are then identified by the 5 types of capital and a rating is given. The formats
on the following pages can be used to organize the discussion.




1
See Guidance sheets on sustainable livelihoods prepared by Department For International Development (DFID)
and available at: http://www.livelihoods.org/info/info_guidancesheets.html


52
Groups linked to the business and benefits received
Croup
how many
peop|e
8oc|o-econom|c
character|st|cs
Potent|a| benef|ts as a
resu|t of be|ng ||nked to
the bus|ness
Actua| benef|ts
8upp||ers of raw
mater|a|s and
the|r fam|||es


Emp|oyees and
the|r fam|||es


Prov|ders of
other |nputs


Rec|p|ents of
waste products


0|str|butors of
f|n|shed products


6onsumers



0wners



Ne|ghbours



0ther sma||
bus|nesses



0thers





53
Summarizing the Actual and potential Benefits from the Business by type of Capital

6ap|ta| 0ef|n|t|on 0uest|ons to ask about the bus|ness 8pec|f|c contr|but|ons
6ontr|but|on (none, ||tt|e,
some, much}
human Education; knowledge,
skills, health, nutrition,
labour availability during
the year
Does the business contribute to a local
population with additional skills and
experience? Is the work place healthy?


8oc|a| Integration among
members of the
community; membership in
business, social or political
groups; relations which
contribute to the local
potential for development
Does the business contribute to stable
and positive local social relations? Does
the business provide opportunities for
establishing linkages outside the
community?

Phys|ca| Physical infrastructure,
telecommunications,
electricity, water, health
centres, schools,
equipment and tools for
production
Does the business contribute to the
development of physical capital for
production, for economic growth or for
physical infrastructure at the local level

F|nanc|a| Sources of income during
the year (jobs, remittances,
labour migration, etc),
savings, credit, debts
Does the business contribute to an
increase in income in local households?
Does the business attract other
businesses?

Natura| Access to natural
resources such as land;
condition of soils, water,
local biodiversity,
agricultural activity
Does the business adequately dispose
of waste products? Does it use
resources otherwise needed for
marginal sectors? Is the business a
good neighbour (smoke, smells, noise)?





54
IV. ANALYSIS OF SUPPORT SERVICES



In this section we change our focus from the Musa processing businesses to the businesses and
organizations which provide services to them.

How to choose the providers of services for interviews:

The identification of providers to be interviewed should be based on the information gathered in
the preliminary survey, in the meeting for the formation of the national team and in the interviews
with the Musa businesses. It is probably not possible to interview all the providers identified.
However, with the information on hand, it should be possible to select those services which have
more links to Musa businesses, which are more relevant in the promotion of small rural
processing businesses and which represent a mix of the different services. See below:

equipment and machinery providers, processing line design, workshop layout
Input providers (flavourings, oil, packing material, label design, etc)
Administrative Services (accounting, computer services, etc.)
Business management Services (strategic and operational planning, investment
alternatives organization, etc.)
Market and marketing services (market information, potential for expansion of same
market, entering new markets, marketing testing, product testing)
Financial Services
Technical assistance on processing line design, workshop layout, trouble shooting on
product quality, product diversification
Transportation and logistics (distribution systems)

Making contact with processing businesses and setting up a date for an interview

About one to two hours is needed for the interview with each service provider. When planning
the interview, make sure your contact and other relevant persons from the business have time to
talk with the team at the scheduled time.

Gathering information

A guide with questions has been prepared to structure the interview. One person in the team
should conduct the interview, according to the type of business which the provider provides.
The other team members can listen closely, take notes and add questions at the end for more
complete coverage of the theme. This also provides the other members of the team with
insights into how the processing sector operates.

Processing the information

Alter each interview, the team should take time to meet, process the results and discuss their
preliminary conclusions. This interaction among team members with different backgrounds and
experience will contribute to future collaborations as well as improve the analysis.


55
Name of the organization or business:

Address:

Telephone: Fax: E-mail:




Names of persons interviewed who provided information from the business or
organization:



Interview guide for businesses and organizations
which provide support services to processing businesses


In what year was the business or organization established?
What are the mission, objectives and services offered
What kinds of clients are served, how many, what are the conditions for becoming a
client
How many Musa processing businesses are clients/? From what type of Musa
processing businesses? What are the conditions for becoming a client?
What is the geographical area served
Financial sources for business or organization
Are there other similar organizations also working with Musa processing businesses?
How does the business or organization stay up to date in the services it offers? At the
national level and at the international level?
How does the business or organization learn about the needs of clients? Are there
special mechanisms used to understand client needs?
What are plans for future, will the business be expanded, in what ways.
What are the principal challenges to small processing businesses?
What are the principal opportunities for small Musa processing businesses?



56
Learning from projects for the promotion of small processing businesses:
How did they operate and what did they achieve

During the preliminary survey a number of projects were identified which promoted processing
businesses. This experience can be very useful for the design of new projects. This brief set of
questions will provide enough information to extract important procedures and results from the
experience of the project. If more than one project is of interest for the Musa sector, the team can
choose the project which is the easiest to document. The team can interview key members of the
project or beneficiaries and can also use the project documentation.

Title of project:
Project site:
Time period:
Approximate budget for small business related activities:

Executing agency/number and staffing specializations:

Collaborating organizations:

Objective of project:

Target population:

Principal project activities related to small processing business formation:





How many small processing businesses were set up during the project and how many people
were involved:

List the businesses related to Musa processing:

How many of the businesses are still currently in operation?


What were the major achievements of the project?

What were major difficulties or setbacks?



57
What were the major important lessons for future projects of a similar nature?


Describe how people to set up and manage potential small processing businesses were identified.
What was the role of the project staff?

Describe how products and activities of small processing businesses were identified. What was
the role of the project staff? How were initial ideas developed? How was initial size of business
determined? Market studies done by whom? Feasibility studies done by whom?


Describe how processing technology was designed, set up and modified as needed. What was
role of project staff? How did private sector input suppliers participate? Who provided training?
How was quality control, hygiene and food safety taught? Were new products developed? By
whom?

Describe how people managing small processing businesses improved their business
management skills. What was the role of project staff? Who else participated? How were
training needs determined? How was skill acquisition monitored and evaluated? Describe the
major blocks of training activities in business management. Were there any mechanisms for
troubleshooting and follow-up to training?

Describe how marketing was established and improved. What was the role of the project?


Describe how financing for small processing businesses was planned, obtained and managed.
What was the role of the project? Were incentives or subsidies used? How were machinery and
installations financed? Who paid salaries of small processing business managers and staff?
What was expected time period for profitability and for payback of credits?


Describe how ownership of business was defined and managed. When did beneficiaries become
owners? How was readiness determined? How were technical aspects, business management
and financing integrated in the business structure? How were business staff strengthened as
entrepreneurs?

What was the project strategy to strengthen small business processing business contribution to
improved livelihoods for households and rural communities?


Obtain copies of training materials and other documents of interest to future projects:


58
V. PROCESSING and ORGANIZING THE RESULTS


S. Planning and carrying out the final workshop

The study team(s) of the different businesses and organizations should close the study with a
presentation of results to the group which participated in the workshop at the beginning of the
study. During the course of the interviews, other possible participants may have been identified.
Government and development organizations may also want to invite key decision makers for
future programs. The study team(s) should meet to complete the information, prepare the
materials for the workshop and plan the program.

The workshop should include:
An introduction to the objectives of the study, a short review of the methods used and a
summary of the activities carried out.

The results for each processing business. Emphasis should be given to the description and
analysis of the processing technology, marketing and business management. Key information
sources and services providers should be identified for each.

Summary discussion of the results of the processing businesses. What are major strengths and
weaknesses? What are major sources of information? What is the contribution to rural
development?

The results of each service provider. Emphasis should be given to the types of services
provided, the types of clients which are served and their perspectives on problems and
opportunities of the processing businesses. Key information sources both nationally and
internationally should also be identified.

Updating the overviews prepared in the first workshop. The map of the processing sector and
the matrix of connections from the first workshop can be reviewed. Where do the processing
businesses and service providers fit into the map? Are there any types of processing
businesses missing from the map? Are the main information and services which are provided
drawn on the map? Are there types of service providers missing? The important sources of
information to the service providers can also be added to the map. Are the linkages correctly
drawn and described? The group then identifies the most important modifications in the map
and matrix.

Analysis of the gaps between the limitations of the processing businesses and the services
offered by the providers. In this step the group should think about how the services meet the
needs of the different types of processing businesses. Are small rural Musa processing
businesses linked to good sources of information which permit them to improve and expand their
businesses? Are service providers linked to good sources of information which permit them to
improve and expand their services? What are the most important gaps? What might be the
cause of these gaps? Are there opportunities for service providers to expand? What does that
expansion of coverage imply for their operations?




59

Gaps between services needed and services offered

Area
Pr|nc|pa| weaknesses |n
bus|nesses
8erv|ces offered Caps |n serv|ce
Phys|ca| structure and
equ|pment



Ava||ab|||ty and use of |nputs



Product|on process



Adm|n|strat|on



P|ann|ng, f|nanc|a| management,
strateg|es



Harkets and market|ng

F|nanc|a| cap|ta|

Transportat|on and |og|st|cs

0thers


Potential for contribution of Musa processing businesses to rural development. Which
businesses seem to offer the most contribution to rural development? What is the market
potential for such businesses? What is the role of service providers in that potential? How can
the service support sector be strengthened to increase the opportunities for more such
businesses and expansion of the existing businesses?

Presentation of project which promoted small processing businesses. Based on the review of
the activities and organization of the project on the promotion of processing businesses, a
summary can be presented of the project approaches, achievements and lessons learned.



60
Important sector linkages between production, processing, marketing. Looking at the matrix,
what mechanisms operate to bring together groups of businesses or organizations with similar
services offered such as associations of processing businesses, chambers of commerce,
intersectorial government planning commissions, trade fairs, public-private corporations, task
forces? These should be the principal mechanisms for information flow/ needs and
opportunities identification among public sector, among private, public-private and which size
firm is most represented.

T. Follow up by the national team and workshop participants
To complete the workshop, the participants can identify possible short terms tasks which may
have been identified to contribute to the effectiveness of the sector to contribute to rural
development.
Follow-up Actions

0rgan|zat|on Act|ons proposed Approx|mate dates Person respons|b|e















61
Appendix 4: DIRECTORY OF PARTICIPANTS

1
st
Global Banana Uses Enterprise Workshop
OCTOBER 10-13, 2005, Manila Southwoods Manor, Carmona, Cavite, Philippines


NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Ha|ays|a
Te|. No. 03 891 3Z115
Ce|| No. 03 019311Z1
Fax No.
lore le| No 03 8Z3 Z22
hassan N|k Hasdek Researcr oll|cer Va|ays|ar Agr|cu|lura| Researcr
ard 0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule (VAR0l)
lorl|cu|lure Researlcr Cerlre,
VAR0l P0 80X 12301 50ZZ1 KL
Ha|ays|a
e-ra|| rrasde|_rard|.ry
Te|. No. 03 891 38199
Fax No. 03 891 8Z99
Ce|| No. 03 013-3801Z01
lore le| No 03 892 519
A|| Abu Kas|m |n 0epuly 0|reclor
Pr|r|c|pa| lea|lr 0ll|cer
Va|ays|ar Agr|cu|lura| Researcr
ard 0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule (VAR0l)
P0 8ox 12301 0erera| Posl 0ll|ce
50ZZ1 Kua|a Lurpur, Ha|ays|a
e-ra|| aou|as|r_rard|.ry
Te|. No. 03 03 8913ZZ51
Ce|| No. 03 012909135Z
Fax No. 03 03 8912290
6he Ahamad Za|nun Researcr oll|cer Va|ays|a Agr|cu|lure Researcr ard
0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule (VAR0l)
Food Tecrro|ogy Researcr Cerlre
P0 80X 12301 50ZZ1 KL,
Ha|ays|a
e-ra|| Warza_rard|.ry
|nd|a
Fax. No. 91 131 218115
Ce|| No. 91 0930551582
Te| No. 91 131 2ZZ329
Narayana 6herukatuk 3er|or 3c|erl|sl Nal|ora| Researcr Cerler lor
8arara (NRC8) Trogara|a| Road
Trayarur T|rupacr|||| 20102, |nd|a
e-ra|| cKrarayara2001_yaroo.cor
Fax No. 91 131218115
Ce|| No. 91 9812115891
Te| No. 91 131 218101/10
lore le| No. 91 131 2158Z13
8ath|amoorthy 8 0|reclor Nal|ora| Researcr Cerlre lor
8arara (NRC8) Trogara|a| Road,
Trayarur T|rupacr|||| 20102, |nd|a
e-ra|| rrco-salrya_elr.rel
Te|. No. 91 122 5511259
Ce|| No.
lore le| No 91 122 55228Z3
Fax No. 91 122 2131Z2
8|vakumar 80 Assoc|ale Prolessor 0epl ol Agr|cu|lura| ard Rura|
Varagererl
Tar|| Nadu Agr|cu|lura| ur|vers|ly
Co|roalore, TN, |nd|a
PlN 11003
e-ra|| sds|va_lrau.ac.|r


62
NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Ph|||pp|nes
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Ce|| No. 3 09192011512
Fax No. 3 19 53001
lore le| No 3 19 538192
Arganosa Arturo 8omat|za 3uperv|s|rg 3c|erce
Researcr 3pec|a||sl
Tecrro|ogy 0ulreacr Prorol|or
0|v|s|or - PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| a.argarosa_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Fax ro. 3 19 13 001
Ce|| No. 3 919308Z91
e-ra|| o.ourgos_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
urgos ess|e
0|reclor
Tecrro|ogy 0ulreacr ard
Prorol|or 0|v|s|or-PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No
Te|. No. 3 19 53 3138
Ce|| No. 3 091Z209081
Fax No. 3 19 53 3259
lore le| No 3 19 53 0393
Nuevo Per||ta Aqu|no Researcr assoc|ale
prolessor
Poslrarvesl lorl|cu|lure Tra|r|rg
ard Researcr Cerler
ur|vers|ly ol lre Pr|||pp|res -Los
8aros, Co||ege, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra||
6ameroon
Te|. No. 23Z 223 Z010
Ce|| No. 23Z 223Z010
Fax No. 23Z 958328
Ta||e
0e|egueTa|es 0ry Food
8P 011 Yaourde, 6ameroon
e-ra|| Les.la|ess_|aposle.rel
Te|. No. 23Z 312 Z129/23Z 312 052
Ce|| No. 23Z 985220
Fax No. 23Z 312 5Z8
Ngoh New||ah Cerard Food sc|erl|sl |r
Poslrarvesl Tecrro|ogy
Prograre
CAR8AP/TPR P0 80X 832
0oua|a, 6ameroon
e-ra|| gorgor_yaroo.cor
Ha|aw|
Te|. No. 25 1 1Z1 52Z
Ce|| No. 25 9 200 8ZZ
Fax No. 25 1 1Z1 52Z
lore le| No 25 11Z1 213
anda 0|ckson lorl|cu|lur|sl 0eparlrerl ol Agr|cu|lura|
Researcr 3erv|ces 8vuroWe
Agr|cu|lura| Researcr 3lal|or
P0 8ox 5Z18 L|roe, Ha|aw|
e-ra|| d|roarda_yaroo.cor
Te|. No. 25 1 1Z1 20/20Z
Ce|| No. 25 8 31 931
Fax No. 25 1 1Z1 312/52Z
lore le| No 25 1 1Z1 213
Hshan| V|ctor lorl|cu|lur|sl
(Researcrer)
0eparlrerl ol Agr|cu|lura|
Researcr 8vuroWe Researcr
3lal|or P0 8ox 5Z18 L|roe,
Ha|aw|
e-ra|| vrsrar|_yaroo.co.u|


63
NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Tanzan|a
Te|. No.
Ce|| No. 255 Z18310255
Fax No.
yabachwez| Hgenz| Agr|cu|lure researcrer AR0l Varu|u, 8u|ooa
P0 8ox 12Z 8u|ooa,
Tanzan|a
e-ra|| rsroyaoacreWez|_yaroo.cor
Te|. No.
Ce|| No. 255 Z18 Z51108
Fax No.
lore le| No 255 Z18 13002
raru|uard|_yaroo.cor
|sh|ka Hshaghu|ey Hcharo Agr|cu|lura| Researcr
0ll|cer
Agr|cu|lura| Researcr ard
0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule
AR0l - Varu|u
P0 8ox 12Z 8u|ooa, Tanzan|a
e-ra||
|sr|rsragu_yaroo.cor
N|ger|a
Te|. No. 231 (02) 2112230
Ce|| No. 231 (0)8035815123
Fax No.
Ak|nyem| 8unday 0|usey|
8o|omon
Pr|rc|pa| researcr
oll|cer
Nal|ora| lorl|cu|lura| Researcr
lrsl|lule PV8 5132 l0l-lsr|r
Jer|cro, loadar, N|ger|a
e-ra|| sosa||rg_yaroo.cor
Te|. No.
231 02 2112230
231 02 2112501
Ce|| No. 231 (0)8033858118
Fax No.
aba|o|a 8ad|at


Food lecrro|og|sl

Nal|ora| lorl|cu|lura| Researcr
lrsl|lule (Nll0RT)
Jer|cro Reserval|or Area
101-l3llN l8A0AN, N|ger|a
e-ra|| oyer||eoaoa|o|a_yaroo.cor
N|caragua
Te|. No. 505 311 1209
Ce|| No. 505 85009
Fax No. 505 3111209
lore le| No. 505 311 18Z
6ontreras |rma 0ocerle |roesl|gador ur|vers|dad Nal|ora| Aulororous
de N|caragua-Leor Carpus
Ved|co, Facu|lad de c|erc|as
Carrera lrger|er|a de A||rerlos
Leor, N|caragua
e-ra|| lrrarge|es_cor15_yaroo.cor
Te|. No. 505 311 1209
Ce|| No. 505 15Z15
lore le| No 505 315-3392
Fax No. 505 3111209
Vargas Har|a Cuada|upe 0ocerle |rvesl|gadora ur|vers|dad Nal|ora| Aulororous
de N|caragua-Leor Carpus
Ved|co, Facu|lad de c|erc|as
Carrera lrger|er|a de A||rerlos
Leor, N|caragua
e-ra|| vguada|upe59_rolra||.cor


64

NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
6osta R|ca
Te|. No. 50 20Z 3591
Fax No. 50 253 3Z2
Ce|| No. 50 392 5381
F|ores w||fredo Coord|ralor Cerlro Nac|ora| de C|erc|a
Tecro|og|a de A||rerlos
3ar Pedro de Vorles de 0ca
3ar Jose, 6osta R|ca
e-ra|| Wl|ores_c|la.ucr.ac.cr
Te|. No. 50 2391939/Z113921
Ce|| No. 50 1 825 Z5
Fax No. 50 Z10Z851/Z113921
lore le| No 50 Z10 ZZ25
8o|ano V|ctor

V|r|slre de Agr|cu|lura 0order|a
Eslac|or Exper|rerla| Los 0|aras
Tes, 0eropa|es, 6osta R|ca
e-ra|| v30|1133_yaroo.es
Resource 8pec|a||sts - Enterpr|se Promot|on and Harket|ng
Te|. No. 255 232 25 018
Ce|| No. 255 Z18 15 309
Fax No.
3tambuli, Martha Paul 8us|ress 0eve|oprerl
3pec|a||sl
Tarzar|ar Tra|r|rg lrsl|lule lor
lrlerral|ora| lea|lr 8us|ress
Varagererl ur|l P0 8ox 39
lla|ara, Tanzan|a
e-ra|| rarlrarasao288_rolra||.cor
Te|. No. 03 891 23891
Ce|| No.
Fax No. 03 891 Z55
lore le| No. 03 125Z1800
Ke|zer Henno Agr|cu|lura|
ecoror|sl/rar|el
spec|a||sl
lP0Rl AP0 P0 8ox 23 13100
3erdarg 3e|argor 0arru| Ersar,
Ha|ays|a
e-ra|| r.|e|zer_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 25 11 2231115
Ce|| No. 25 ZZ 1105Z1
Fax No. 25 11 223 191
Jagwe John A0 Coord|ralor llTA Foodrel
Z 8arda|| r|se, 8ugo|oo|, Karpa|a
P.0. 80X Z8Z8 Karpa|a, Uganda
e-ra|| j.jagWe_||laesrac.co.ug
Te|. No. 50 558 221Z
Ce|| No.
Fax No.
lore le| No. 50 55 011
0onovan Jason Rura| ous|ress
deve|oprerl spec|a||sl
CATlE Z1Z0
Turr|a|oa, 6osta R|ca
e-ra|| jdorovar_cal|e.ac.cr
Te|. No. 31 20 5Z5 195
Ce|| No. 31 20 205152
Fax No. 31 20 Z0231
lore le| No 31 20 Z093
rown E|tha


F|rsl Projecl Varager

Corror Furd lor Corrod|l|es
3ladrouders|ade 55 10Z2 A8
Arslerdar, Nether|ands
e-ra|| e|lraoroWr_corror-lurd.or


65

NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Resource 8ec|a||sts - Food Techno|og|sts
Te|. No. 2Z (021) 809311
Ce|| No. 2Z 81 21015Z2
Fax No. 2Z (021) 8093100
lore le| No 2Z '(021) 855293Z
hansmann 6hr|s Food sc|erl|sl Agr|cu|lura| Researcr Courc||
(ARC)
lrlu|lec-N|elvooro|j, Pr|vale 8ag
X502, 3le||erooscr Z599,
8outh Afr|ca
e-ra|| rarsrarrc_arc.agr|c.za
Te|. No.
Ce|| No.
Fax No.
lore le| No 2Z (01) 33Z192Z
e-ra|| |rpo|ar|_poWer.ulscar.or
Po|an| Lu|s Harc|o Prolesor
0oclor/Ergerrar|a
Cr|r|ca
ur|vers|dade Federa| de 3ao
Car|os 0eparlarerlo de
Ergerrar|a Cr|r|ca Rodov|a
wasr|rglor Lu|s Kr 235 3ao
Car|os 3P, ras||, CEP 1351220
Ce|| No.
Te|. No. 33 1 Z 1 5Z 9 / 55 19
Ce|| No.
lore le| No 33 1 Z 1 11 32
Fax No. 33 1 Z 1 11 33
Reynes Hax


lead, Researcr ur|l
'lood process|rg
qua||ly

ClRA0
TA 50 averue de Vou|e lerard
31398 Vorlpe|||er Cedex 5,
France
e-ra|| reyres_c|rad.lr
Te|. No. 39 05Z0530
Ce|| No.
lore le| No
Fax No. 39 05Z051980
Hazaud Franco|s 3er|or oll|cer Agr|cu|lura| ard Food Erg|reer|rg
Tecrro|og|es 3erv|ces
Agr|cu|lure 3upporl syslers
0|v|s|or
Roor 8-20, v|a||e de||e Terre d|
Caraca||a- 00100 Rore, |ta|y
e-ra|| Frarco|s.Vazaud_lao.org
|N|AP Musa Product|on 8pec|a||sts
0ll|ce Te|. No. 23Z 312 915
Fax No. 23Z 312 915
Ce|| No. 23Z ZZ0 15Z2
Akyeampong, Ekow Reg|ora| coord|ralor
lNl8AP wesl ard
Cerlra| Alr|ca
lNl8AP wesl ard Cerlra| Alr|ca
8P 12138 0ou|a, 6ameroon
e-ra|| e|oW_creo||r|.rel
0ll|ce Te|. No. 50 558 2131
Fax No. 50 558 2131
lore le|. No. 50 55 1389
Pocasangre Enamorado Lu|s
Ass|slarl Coord|ralor
lor Lal|r Arer|ca
lNl8AP CATlE Turr|a|oa
Z1Z0, 6osta R|ca
e-ra|| Lpoca_cal|e.ac.cr
Te|. No. 25 11 28 213
Ce|| No. 25 11 28 918
Fax No. 25 11 28 213
Karamura, E|dad Reg|ora| coord|ralor lNl8AP-E3A Karpa|a oll|ce 10
Kala||ra Road Naguru Karpa|a
P0 8ox 21381 Karpa|a, Uganda
e-ra|| e.|ararura_cg|ar.org


66
NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Te|. No. 33 1Z 1 13 02
Ce|| No.
Fax No. 33 1Z 1 03 31
8taver 6har|es

lP0Rl-lNl8AP
Parc 3c|erl|l|que Agropo||s ll
313Z9 Vorlpe|||er, France
e-ra|| c.slaver_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 33 1Z 1 1302
Ce|| No. 33 25 Z5 1551
Fax No. 33 1Z 1 0331
Lusty, 6har|otte Prograrre
deve|oprerl
lNl8AP Parc 3c|erl|l|que Agropo||s
ll 313Z9
Vorlpe|||er Cedex 5, France
e-ra|| c.|usly_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0532
Ce|| No.
Fax No. 3 19 53 0532
Ho||na Agust|n
lNl8AP Reg|ora|
Coord|ralor lor As|a
ard Pac|l|c
lNl8AP, lRRl, Co||ege, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| a.ro||ra_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0532
Ce|| No.
Fax No. 3 19 53 0532
.|nge Van den ergh
Assoc|ale 3c|erl|sl
lNl8AP, lRRl, Co||ege, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| |.varderoergr_cg|ar.org
Part|c|pants from 0rgan|zat|ons |n the Ph|||pp|nes
Te| ro. 3 19 530011-20
Ce|| ro.
Fax ro. 3 19 530132
Fay|on Patr|c|o
Execul|ve 0|reclor
Pr|||pp|re Courc|| lor Agr|cu|lure,
Foreslry ard Nalura| Resources
Researcr ard 0eve|oprerl
(PCARR0) Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| p.lay|or_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
Te|. No. 3 1 820859
Ce|| No. 3 9192289ZZ
Fax No. 3 1 820859
lore le| No 3 1 1150 2Z1
V|da Edna Assoc|ale Prolessor ard
lead, T|ssue Cu|lure
Laooralory
Cav|le 3lale ur|vers|ly
lrdarg, Cav|le,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| edv|da_yaroo.cor
Te|. No. 3 1 82 0850
Ce|| No. 3 9193Z18190
Fax No. 3 1 1150012
6ruc|do 8|meon v|ce Pres|derl
Researcr, Exlers|or
ard Corl|ru|rg
Educal|or ard Tra|r|rg
3erv|ces (RECET3)
Cav|le 3lale ur|vers|ly
lrdarg, Cav|le,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| scruc|do_yaroo.cor
Te|. No. 3 1 82 0859
Ce|| No. 3 9193235829
Fax No. 3 1 1150012
lore le| No 3 1 1150825
Hoj|ca Har|etta 0|reclor, exlers|or
serv|ces
Cav|le 3lale ur|vers|ly
lrdarg, Cav|le,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| rcr_Z19_rolra||.cor


67
NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Te|. No. 3 1 115 003
Ce|| No. 3 919Z928Z09
Fax No. 3 1 115 0012
lore le| No 3 1 115 1ZZ9
Per|ado E|v|ra lore raragererl
lecrro|og|sl
Cav|le 3lale ur|vers|ly
lrdarg, Cav|le,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| edv|da_yaroo.cor
Te|. No. 3 1 150013 |oca| 221
Ce|| No. 3 920118111
Fax No. 3 1 115 0012
Nuestro Ha Agnes Researcr ard exlers|or
coord|ralor
lrslruclor
Cav|le 3lale ur|vers|ly
lrdarg, Cav|le,
Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No 3 1 115 1112
Te|. No. 3 2 928 85 05 |oca| 2111
Ce|| No. 3 918919151053 3259
Fax No. 3 2 9338150
Pecson Aurora 3er|or Agr|cu|lur|sl 0eparlrerl ol Agr|cu|lure (0A)-
8ureau ol Agr|cu|lura| Researcr
v|sayas Averue, 0|||rar 0uezor
C|ly,
Ph|||pp|nes

e-ra|| apecsor_oar.gov.pr
Te|. No. 3 2 928 821 |oca| 2118
Ce|| No. 3 921 111Z29
0uran 6asey Lou Tecrr|ca| slall 0eparlrerl ol Agr|cu|lure-8ureau
ol Agr|cu|lura| Researcr v|sayas
Averue, 0|||rar 0uezor C|ly,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| cdurar_oar.gov.pr
Loca| 0rgan|zat|ona| 6omm|ttee
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0532
Fax ro. 3 19 53 0532
Ce|| No. 3 91Z012889
Roa Versa|yn
Adr|r|slral|ve ard
Tecrr|ca| Ass|slarl
lNl8AP, lRRl, Co||ege, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| v.roa_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0532
Fax ro. 3 19 53 0532
Ce|| No. 3 91982Z291
orromeo Katr|na
Corrur|cal|ors
Ass|slarl
lNl8AP, lRRl, Co||ege, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
e-ra|| |. oorroreo_cg|ar.org
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Fax ro. 3 19 53 001
Ce|| No. 3 9193110
e-ra||
o|elaryag_yaroo.cor
y.laryag_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
Tanyag Yo|anda "0LE"
3c|erce Researcr
3pec|a||sl
Tecrro|ogy 0ulreacr ard
Prorol|or 0|v|s|or - PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura, Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No 3 19 53 1182
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Fax ro. 3 19 53 001
Ce|| No. 3 92Z9Z813Z5
e-ra|| e.jover_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
Joven Ener|sto
3c|erce Researcr
3pec|a||sl
App||ed Corrur|cal|ors 0|v|s|or -
PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No


68
NAHE P08|T|0N ACEN6Y|60UNTRY 60NTA6T N08.
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Fax ro. 3 19 53 001
Ce|| No.
e-ra|| g.caracue|_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
6aracue| C||bert
3c|erce Researcr
Ass|slarl
Tecrro|ogy 0ulreacr ard
Prorol|or 0|v|s|or - PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No 3 19 53Z193
Te|. No. 3 19 53 0011-20
Fax ro. 3 19 53 001
Ce|| No. 3 919308101
e-ra|| e.rue|gas_pcarrd.dosl.gov.pr
hue|gas Exped|to
3c|erce Researcr
Ass|slarl
Tecrro|ogy 0ulreacr ard
Prorol|or 0|v|s|or - PCARR0
Los 8aros, Lagura,
Ph|||pp|nes
lore le| No 3 19 53831Z



69
Appendix 5: Programme Workshop and Enterprise Fair

Musa processing businesses and their support environment
Potential contributions to rural development and biodiversity through value adding
10-13 October 2005
Southwood Park, Manila, Philippines

Expected products from workshop:
1. Country studies presented and analyzed to identify critical factors in the promotion of Musa
processing businesses and in the strengthening of the corresponding business support
environment which contribute more effectively to rural development and Musa biodiversity;
2. Identification of project mechanisms for more effective Musa processing business
establishment for rural development;
3. Proposal for preparation of manual on Musa processing technology developed by food
technologists;
4. Priorities, recommendations, themes for new projects, follow-up actions for Musa processing
enterprise platform identified by workshop participants;
5. Strategy for feedback of results to regional Musa networks;

10 October, Monday
T|me Act|v|ty who
8:30 - 9:30 lraugural|or - 3ecrelary ol 3c|erce ard Tecrro|ogy Eslre||a F.
A|aoaslro
we|core - 0r. Palr|c|o 3. Fay|or Execul|ve 0|reclor PCARR0-
003T
lrlroducl|ors - Wro are We
9:30-10:15 Preserlal|or: process|rg ous|resses
ard lre|r ous|ress supporl erv|rorrerl
Crar|es 3laver lP0Rl-lNl8AP
8rea|
10:15 - 12:00 Courlry sludy Pr|||pp|res 3ludy lear - PCCAR0/ur|vers|ly ol Pr|||pp|res Los
8aros
3upporl 3erv|ces lor 3VEs |r lre
Pr|||pp|res
Jerry C|aves|||as, Ass|slarl 0|reclor, 8ureau ol 3ra||
ard Ved|ur Erlerpr|se 0eve|oprerl-0eparlrerl ol
Trade ard lrduslry
12:00 - 1:00 Courlry sludy lrd|a 3ludy lear - lrd|a 8arara Researcr Cerler, Tar||
Nadu Agr|cu|lura| ur|vers|ly
1:00 - 2:15 Lurcr
2:15 - 2:15 Cu|l|vars, rulr|l|ora| qua||ly ard corsurer
prelererces
Vax Reyres ClRA0
2:15 - 3:15 Courlry sludy Va|ays|a 3ludy lear - Va|ays|ar Agr|cu|lura| Researcr ard
0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule
8rea|


70
1:15 - 5:15 Courlry sludy Cosla R|ca (lrars|al|or lror
3par|sr)
3ludy lear - ur|vers|ly ol Cosla R|ca ClTA, V|r|slry
ol Agr|cu|lure
Z:00 - 9:30 we|core d|rrer

11 October, Tuesday
T|me Act|v|ty who; what do we need
8:30 - 9:00 Rev|eW ol l|rsl day acl|or Jorr JagWe - Food Nel llTA
FA0 ard Pl Acl|or slraleg|es lo slrerglrer
process|rg ous|ress
Frarco|s Vazaud - FA0 Agr|cu|lura| ard Food
Erg|reer|rg Tecrro|ogy 3erv|ce
9:00-10:00 Courlry sludy N|caragua (lrars|al|or 3par|sr) 3ludy lear - uNAN Leor
8rea|
10:30 - 11:30 Courlry sludy N|ger|a 3ludy lear - Nll0RT
11:30 - 12:30 Courlry sludy Careroor 3ludy lear - CAR8AP, Agro PVE, V|r|slry ol
Agr|cu|lure
12:30 - 1:00 Velrods lor rar|el slud|es - a cocorul
exarp|e
Verro Ke|zer lP0Rl cocoruls lor poverly
reducl|or
1:00 - 2:30 Lurcr
2:30 - 3:00 E|eclror|c resources ard rar|el|rg lor sra||
process|rg ous|resses
Jasor 0orovar CATlE Cerler lor lre
Corpel|l|veress ol Eco-8us|resses
3:00 - 1:00 Courlry sludy Va|aW| 3ludy lear - V|r|slry ol Agr|cu|lure, ur|vers|ly ol
Va|aW|, Va|aW| Exporl Prorol|or Courc||,
V|r|slry ol Trade ard Pr|vale 3eclor 0eve|oprerl
8rea|
1:30 - 5:30 Courlry sludy Tarzar|a 3ludy lear - Agr|cu|lura| Researcr ard
0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule - Varu|u
:30 8us lo sropp|rg cerler ard d|rrer

12 October, Wednesday
0ate Act|v|ty who; what do we need
8:00 - 8:30 Rev|eW ol Wor| lror day lWo Varlra 3larou||
9:00-10:30 lssues ard lr|l|al|ves lror lre courlry slud|es lor
lNl8AP lo ra|e added va|ue ol o|od|vers|ly rore
uselu| lo rura| deve|oprerl
wor||rg groups oy spec|a||zal|or - lood
lecrro|og|sls, erlerpr|se spec|a||sls,
producl|or spec|a||sls
8rea|
11:00 - 12:00 Preserlal|ors oy groups
12:00 - 1:00 Va||rg lre resu|ls ol lre slud|es ard Wor|srops
ava||ao|e lo olrer courlr|es |r lre relWor|s
wor||rg groups oy reg|ors
1:00 - 2:30 Lurcr
2:30 - 3:00 Preserlal|ors oy reg|ors
3:00 - 1:00 wor||rg groups: loW lo des|gr projecls Wr|cr prorole Cross reg|ora| Wor||rg groups


71
correcl|v|ly
8rea|
1:30 - 5:30 Preserlal|ors oy groups
5:30 - :00 Eva|ual|or/ lo||oW up
Z:00 - 10:00 C|os|rg cererory, d|rrer ard cu|lura| preserlal|or Loca| orgar|z|rg corr|llee

13 October, Thursday - Enterprise Fair and Symposium
9:00 lraugural|or: Fa|r-3yrpos|ur 3ecrelary ol Agr|cu|lure Pr||||p|res
9:20-11:00 8ympos|um: New and d|fferent products from bananas around the wor|d
9:20 - 9:10 us|rg F|ores lor reW producls Var|les de |eor, Pr||||p|res Texl||e Researcr lrsl|lule
9:10 - 10:00 l|ores lor rard|crals 0r. C K Narayara, lrd|ar Researcr Cerlre or 8arara
10:00 - 10:20 Food producls lror Vs. Za|rur Cre Ararad, Va|ays|ar Agr|cu|lure Researcr
ard 0eve|oprerl lrsl|lule
10:20 -10:10 Ju|ces/W|re lror - cr|l|ca|
aspecls ard a|lerral|ve lecrro|og|es
0r. Crr|s larsrarr, ARC lrlru|lec-N|elvooro|j
10:10 - 11:00 0re loWr - ore producl P|roge 3uvarj|rde, d|reclor ol lorl|cu|lure Researcr
lrsl|lule-Tra||ard

Enterprise Fair from 9:00 through the afternoon


72
Appendix 6: Highlights of the Proceedings of the 1
st
Global Banana Uses
Enterprise Workshop and Banana Techno Fair
Manila Southwoods Manor and Cavite State University
Carmona and Indang, Cavite, PHILIPPINES
October 10-13, 2005


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Keynote Speech

Welcome Remarks

Presentation of Country Studies
1) Analysis of Banana processing businesses and their support environment in the Philippines
2) Musa Processing businesses and their support environment in India
3) Musa processing business in Malaysia
4) A Diagnostic of the Small Musa processing sector in Costa Rica
5) A Diagnostic of the Small Musa processing sector in Nicaragua
6) An analysis of Musa processing business and their support environment in Cameroon
7) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support environment in Malawi
8) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support environment in Nigeria
9) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support environment in Tanzania

Special Papers Presentations

Workshop Sessions11

Session 1: Issues and Initiatives - Working groups (WG) by discipline
Group I: Processing Technology
Group II: Production Group
Group III: Business Development

Session 2: Making the results of the studies and workshops available to other countries
in the networks - Working groups by region
BARNESA
BAPNET
MUSALAC
MUSACO

Session 3: Project Strategies (Connectivity) Exercise
Group 1: Cameroon, Malawi, Malaysia
Group 2: Philippines, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Group 3: Tanzania, India, Nigeria

Follow-up actions to the workshop participants

WORKSHOP EVALUATION - Client Satisfaction Feedback


73
Outputs of the Enterprise Workshop:
Presented and analyzed the country studies to identify critical factors in the promotion of
Musa processing businesses and in strengthening the corresponding business support
environment which will contribute more effectively to rural development and Musa
biodiversity
Identified the project mechanisms for a more effective Musa processing business
establishment for rural development
Developed a proposal for the preparation of the manual on Musa processing technology
developed by food technologists
Determined the priorities, recommendations, themes for new projects, and follow up
actions for a Musa processing enterprise platform identified by workshop participants
Developed a strategy for the feedback of results to regional Musa networks

Program Presentations:
Keynote Speech of Secretary Estrella F. Alabastro
(Department of Science and Technology-DOST, Philippines)
Growing and Nurturing our Small Banana Farmers and Processors
Banana has always been a part of Filipinos lives. There was a time when almost all rural
households with spaces to spare in their backyards grow not one but a couple of banana plants
either for their own consumption or for added income. And these plants didnt even cost farmers
anything for they grow and bear fruits the traditional Filipino farmers way.
Then, there is the serving of the local dish adobo with steaming rice garnished with fresh sliced
banana to add flavor to the already delicious dish. Most rural mothers do this to boost the appetite
of their growing children. For snacks, Filipinos relish bananas covered with brown sugar and
placed on sticks, locally known as banana-que and the tasty chips loved by both the young and
old alike.
And you will notice that fresh banana fruits will be served in at least one meal during this
workshop to cap the already delicious food served for you. Such is the trivial yet important part
of banana to the lives and diet of most Filipinos.
But more than these trivial importances, banana immensely contributes and plays a greater role in
the countrys economy providing it the needed income to push it forward.
Banana is the most important fruit of the country producing about 4 million tons annually. About
2.8 million households are dependent on the banana industry. In 2003, the banana industry
contributed 40% of the Gross Value Added in fruits amounting to P13.15 billion.
In the global scene, the Philippines ranked fifth among the worlds top major producers of banana
in 2003, with 5.37 million tons or a share of 7.63% of the world production. The country ranked
third among the banana exporting countries with Ecuador and Costa Rica on top of the list. We
are exporting fresh bananas, chips/crackers, and catsup. Fresh bananas constituted the main bulk
of our export representing 98% of the total volume exported. In 1995-2003, the average volume
exported reached about 1.86 million tons valued at US$315 million. These were exported in
countries like Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2004, the total
exports for chips were 36,538 tons valued at US$ 36.86 million.
Overall, these show the lofting standing of the country compared with other banana-producing
countries in terms of banana production and income. It shows that we have what it takes and
given the proper support and direction we can be the best in


74
the industry. In the same manner, our standing as a global banana producer paints a bright
picture full of opportunities and optimism for the country and the thousands of banana producers
where 75% constitute small growers. Shining more brightly is the opportunities presented by the
banana processing industry.
We at the Department of Science and Technology, along with other government stakeholders,
share the same optimism and commit to transform that optimism to reality. This commitment we
have long tried to fulfill through various R&D programs and activities.
Over the years, national programs have been implemented to support banana as an export winner
commodity. These programs include the Science and Technology Agenda for National
Development (STAND) of DOST, the High Value Commercial Crops Program (HVCC) of the
Department of Agriculture, and the Investment Priority Plan (IPP) of the Board of Investments of
the Department of Trade and Industries.
Although we gained considerable success in these endeavors, in terms of production and post-
production technologies, and management systems, we also noted a remarkable difference
between the corporate and smallholder banana farms. While big banana producers used
established technologies and strict quality control, the small growers employed low levels of
technologies, which result in low quality product. Small growers were not benefiting much from our
efforts but chose to rely on their old practices to grow their crop.
To address the gap, the DOST through the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural
Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) funded and developed the S&T Anchor
Program for Banana in 2004. The program focuses on smallhold farmers growing saba, lakatan,
and latundan in selected areas. It provides technological interventions and appropriate delivery
systems for a community-based farming system.
The aim of the program is to improve the productivity and socioeconomic welfare of small banana
growers in selected growing areas. It hopes to transform the banana sub-industry to a higher level
of efficiency and competitiveness through its three major components R&D intervention; R&D
utilization; and socioeconomic studies.
We have also established a strong partnership with the International Network for the Improvement
of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) in drawing a workable scheme for the distribution and proper
management of disease-free planting materials to farmer-cooperators. Likewise, INIBAP through
its wide germplasm material has introduced hybrids with good potential for processing.
Along with these efforts, we are also implementing a separate but associated project in Luzon, the
Investment Package for the Commercial Production of Fresh Bananas, which started this year.
The project aims to match technological intervention with proper marketing system and well-
supported organizational structure. Through this, we hope to develop modernized and sustainable
smallhold banana farms that will supply the local fresh banana market and banana chips
processors in Luzon with the required quantity and quality fruits.
The plants for the projects Science and Technology farms are now in their fourth month in the
farmers fields in Cavite and Batangas. A recent farm visit of the project team showed that the
plants are growing robust and the farmers are excited in trying out the recommended technologies
in their fields. They have learned to value the importance of these technologies, which provide
better results than their traditional way of growing bananas.
Complimenting the S&T anchor program on banana and the investment package are projects
aimed to spur the development of the processing industry. Today, we now have technologies and
products that are waiting to be commercialized and adopted by the growing industry.
Leading this thrust is the Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development
(PCIERD), which funded and coordinated various projects implemented by other DOST agencies.
We now have a variety of processed products developed by the Industrial Technology
Development Institute (ITDI). These include banana flakes, banana powder, flavored strings and
crackers, frozen turon (or crepe) and banana fries. These products have the potential to capture


75
both the domestic and international markets because of the unique and delicious taste of banana
and the nutrients it can provide.
The Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI), on the other hand, has also developed a textile
material derived from banana fiber. This will compliment our other popular export -- the abaca
fiber.
When all of these products are commercialized, we would definitely have new export products that
can earn for our country and give added income to our farmers.
Ready to provide technical support at the local level are the DOST regional offices through the
Provincial Science and Technology Offices (PSTO). The PSTO supports prospective and even
existing small food processing businesses with the preparation of feasibility studies and technical
training on food processing through the Small Enterprises Technology Upgrading Program (SET-
UP) and the Technology Incubation for Commercialization Program (TECHNICOM).
SET-UP and TECHNICOM are among the flagship programs of DOST that seek to provide
support, including technology transfer, to at least three million local entrepreneurs.
In a nutshell, these are our current efforts in the promotion and development of our banana
industry. We have all the elements now in place. What we need now is sustaining these efforts so
that farmers can truly use the technologies and information and benefit from these activities.
Indeed, banana is part of Filipinos lives, but we in the R&D sector aim to make it play an even
more significant role that of feeding, clothing, and send-to-school families of our small banana
growers. We hope that the results of our R&D efforts, matched with a good analysis of the present
condition and requirements of the domestic and global markets, we will be able to achieve this
and hopefully further boost the countrys economy.
With the holding of the First Global Uses Enterprise Workshop, we know that we can learn and
likewise share information and experiences, which we can all use in our efforts in our respective
countries. We also look forward to working with you through cooperation so that we can really
make a difference in the lives of our banana farmers and processors.
Good morning and have a pleasant stay in our country.

Welcome Remarks of Dr. Patricio S. Faylon
(Executive Director, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources
Research and Development (PCARRD-DOST)
It gives me great pleasure to welcome long-time friends in collaborative research and
development to this workshop. To our guests from all over the world - Latin America, Africa,
Europe, and Asia - welcome to the Philippines. I hope you all have a rewarding and pleasant stay
in our country.
Thank you for being here, for your great interest in this very important fruit, said to be the most
popular fruit in the world, banana or Musa as we term it in the science and technology community.
Interestingly, just by being here, you bring with you a piece of history. From my readings, banana
originated from Malaysia, which then travelled from there to India in the 6
th
century. Eventually, the
fruit reached Madagascar on the south-eastern coast of Africa, and then travelled westward to the
Canary Islands. Many years after, Portuguese sailors got a taste of this sweet fruit and soon
enough its rootstocks were being shipped to the Carribean around 1516. It wasnt long before
banana spread its popularity throughout Central America. Three hundred fifty years later, the
Americans got their first taste of this delightfully sweet fruit. And the rest, as we say, is history.



76
Indeed, banana is a fascinating fruit, as rich as its history. As we know, there are about 300
species, but only 20 varieties are commercially cultivated. The two main varieties, the sweet
banana and the plantain, are the sources of our gastronomic delight, whether raw, cooked, or
prepared in culturally different ways.
It is the perfect supplement for those who are anemic, those with high blood pressure, those who
are stressed out, those low in brainpower, and even those who suffer from depression. They say
that rubbing the inside of a banana skin on a mosquito bite reduces swelling and irritation. And as
we often joke about here, eating bananas will give you a smooth skin, like the monkeys.
Inasmuch as it is valued for its nutritional and health benefits, banana is an economically
important crop for countries that grow it. In the Philippines, for instance, banana is one of our most
important fruit crops, contributing about US$200 million annually, mainly as fresh fruit exports.
If we reorient the industry toward high-quality processing enterprises for banana-based food and
nonfood products, the country can be earning more. It is a viable rural and smallholder enterprise.
Therefore, we in the public research sector must make substantial progress in forging workable
linkages with the industry and the private sector so that we can help focus on a proactive
approach to ensure successful banana-processing enterprises in particular, and a prosperous
banana industry, in general. From the planting material to production, postharvest, marketing and
distribution, until the fruit reaches the consumerthese are the components, which we have to
work on improving.
It is important that we put premium effort not just on banana research and development, but also
on its promotion as a viable business enterprise. Thus, I would like to express our deep
appreciation to the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP)
and the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) for sponsoring this global
workshop, which is a big step in that direction.
I cannot overemphasize the critical role our partnership play in creating the enabling environment
for our small banana-based enterprises to prosper. We have to ensure that there is room for our
smallholders to grow, especially in this age of globalization.
If we look at it, the Philippines for example, a country of 84 million, we dont need to look beyond
our shores for a market. The real market is here; the international market is a bonus, inasmuch as
it is a gauge of quality standard with which local products have to measure up to. So whether we
are producing for the local or the international market, value adding is the name of the game and
creating niche markets is the ultimate goal. We must produce quality products and identify
enterprise niches for our small farmers and entrepreneurs. This is where innovations in
processing and product development come in.
For this reason, I am looking forward to the sharing of country experiences and studies. This is
our venue to share, listen, and learn from international and local speakers about the enterprise
prospects of and innovations for this magnificent fruit called banana.
For instance, I understand that somewhere in Africa, they use bananas in brewing beer. In the
Philippines, we process bananas into food and beverages. In Uganda, theres a lucrative
enterprise for banana fiber-based paper. Bananas are also made into cosmetics and are used as
animal feed. The possibilities are endless. If coconut is the tree of life, then banana is its herbal
counterpart.
I am sure this global forum will give us fresh perspectives and open our senses into the many
possibilities for banana-based processing enterprises. Certainly, we are all keenly committed to
make the next three days dynamic and productive.


77
Id like to end by saying this century is a time of rapid change, with huge opportunities for those
courageous enough to put their best foot forward in forging win-win scenarios for all, especially for
the marginalized. No doubt that banana does more than keep the doctor away, as it is a versatile
fruit not only as a source of nutrition and well being, but also of livelihood for farmers and
entrepreneurs, whether small-scale or large-scale.
On behalf of the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research and PCARRD-
Department of Science and Technology, I welcome you, once again, to this global workshop on
banana uses enterprise.

Presentation of Country Studies

1) Analysis of Banana processing businesses and their support environment in the
Philippines (Arturo Arganosa, Perlita Nuevo, Jocelyn Eusebio and Bessie Burgos)
Contributions of business to rural development
- Create market for bananas
- Generate jobs for farmers, processors and unemployed workers
- Increase income
- Increase knowledge through trainings
- Increase economic activity in the community
Follow up Actions
- Develop strategies to establish connectivity among small food processors and
support service providers
- Primer on available support services on food processing
- Strategies to promote the importance of banana in the Filipino diet
- Compliance to HACCP/GMP
Limitations of the Study
- Reluctance of the business owner to allow the survey team to enter into their
premises
- Survey focus is limited to the Southern Tagalog Region

Support Services for SMEs in the Philippines (Mr. Jerry Clavesillas, Assistant Director,
Bureau of Small and Medium Enterprise Development-Department of Trade and Industry.
Philippines)
Presented the SME Development Plan 2004-2010, which integrates efforts to strengthen and
stimulate the SME sector so it can contribute significantly to the countrys development. This aims
to make the SME sector a key factor in the countrys economic growth by 2010.
A) For individual SME
1. Developing capacities of entrepreneurs and workers
- Information support
- Counselling and advisory program
- IT-enabled SMEs
2. Managing for Business Excellence and Competitiveness
- Assistance from SME centers
- Management advisory, technology and productivity development programs
- Modeling from successful productivity applications
3. Harnessing knowledge and technology
- Technology applications promotions


78
4. Designing linkages and business models
- Linkages through SME CENTERS AND INTER-REGIONAL FACILITATION
- Organizing linkages for competitive support
5. Provision of business opportunities
- Strategic business planning
- Product development and design services
- Support to startup enterprise in selected areas
6. Business opportunity and enterprise creation
- Enterprise development programs
- Promotion for innovative ideas
- Opportunities caravan
B) For the Priority Sectors
1. Strengthening/establishment of industry centers
2. Strengthening and integrating sector support and technical and managerial capacities
of enterprises, including enhancement of design, creativity and quality
- Product development and design workshops
- Design competition
- Market intelligence support
- Packaging and labeling technology development
- Industry productivity and quality improvement programs
3. Development of communication tools to link needs of the leading industries and
provide comprehensive support for potential local SMEs
- Development of SME data-bases and information system
- Enhanced support for trade fairs and access to market services
C) For Operational Environment
1. Develop SME financing support programs and strengthen the institutions that provide
direct and appropriate financial services to SMEs
2. Streamline the systems that provide support programs and incentives for SMEs
3. Streamline the implementation of SME policies and regulations
- Magna Carta for Small enterprises
- Barangay Micro Business Enterprises
- Consumer Awareness Programs and Fair trading advocacy
- Incentives/policy measures for business cooperatives
2) Musa Processing businesses and their support environment in India
(S. Sathiamoorthy, C.K. Narayana, S.D. Sivakumar)
Contribution of business to rural development
- Provide job to 3-4 people directly and much more indirectly.
- It is the biggest potential job provider.
- Workplace healthy and non-hazardous.
- Opportunity for maximum interaction among people from different regions,
communities, etc. due massive movement of men and material.
- Due to movement of men and material (raw and finished goods) from and to far
off regions, physical environment like transport, housing, telecom, etc. is
improved.
- The salaries earned by individual employed in units have ensured regular
household income; related businesses provide income to other employees
indirectly.
- Do not compete for natural resources with other industries, no pollution, wastes
are economically used.




79
Follow up Actions
- Meeting to set targets for promotion of Musa processing businesses
- Increased training on new products
- Convene services providers to respond more closely to needs in nearby regions
to National Banana Research Center
- Promote Musa processing to incipient entrepreneurs who have received training
- Arrange forum on buyer seller linkages
3) Musa processing business in Malaysia (Nik Masdek Hassan, Abu Kasim ali and
Zainun Che Ahamad)
Provide employment
- Increase opportunity for business
- Environment friendly/no waste, no noise, no smoke pollution
4) A Diagnostic of the Small Musa processing sector in Costa Rica
Contribution of Musa businesses to rural development
- Businesses owned by farmers associations add value to local production
- Additional employment generated for children and wives of plantain growers
- Add value to lower quality plantains through minimally processed products
- Waste products as source of animal feed
- Opportunity to promote organization of poor households and to train in business
management
- Workers in export quality businesses learn skills to seek employment
Follow up Actions
- processors interested in direct marketing contracts to reduce price fluctuation to
producers and improve quality and timing of raw material
- National Plantain Program plans to incorporate processors into producers round
table
- CITA increases services to small scale family frying business food safety and
quality control
5) A Diagnostic of the Small Musa processing sector in Nicaragua
Contribution of business to rural development
- Important role for women-run businesses
- Use of waste products contributes to animal feed and other products
- Opportunity to promote organization of poor households and to train in business
management
- Source of employment
Follow up Actions
- Develop an association of Musa processing businesses to defend interests and to
promote low-cost, quality services which increase comparative advantage for
export of value added products
6) An analysis of Musa processing business and their support environment in
Cameroon (Gerard Ngoh Newilah)
Contribution of business to rural development
- Stimulate agricultural activities among the members of the group > source of
income
- Provide employment throughout the year> integration among members of the
community
Follow up Actions
- Inventory of all Musa processing business in Cameroon


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- Analysis of added value through (fibre products) commercialization of raw
materials
- Economic analysis of the Musa business
- Compliance to HACCP/GMP
7) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support
environment in Malawi (Dickson Banda and Victor Mshani)
Contribution of business to rural development
- There is a lot of interaction with consumers and suppliers
- Promotion of other businesses like small groceries which keep resigns
- Development of physical capital for production
- Increased income for the women and suppliers of raw materials such as yeast
Follow up Actions
- Postharvest handling techniques, banana cultivars, banana local network
- Stakeholder meeting
- Recipes for various products
- Development of banana products to diversify utilization options for value added
products
- Improvement of packaging and labels
- Promotion of the banana enterprises
- Scrutinizing of existing policies in relation to the promotion of inhibition of Musa
processing
8) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support
environment in Nigeria (Sunday Oliseyi Akinyemi and Oyenike Sadiat Babalola)
Contribution of business to rural development
- Create employment
- Generate income
- Reduces rural-urban migration
- Improve nutrition of the populace
- Environmental development/popularity of the area
- Reduction of postharvest losses
Follow up Actions
- Conduct of forum, training/workshop for Musa producers and processors
- Development of pamphlets and training materials
- Formation of Interdisciplinary Research Group
9) A Study on the analysis of Musa processing business and their support
environment in Tanzania (Mshaghuley I.M., Mgenzi, S.R.B., Staver, C. and
Nkuba,J.M.)
Contribution of business to rural development
- The business that contributes to a local population with additional skills and
experience is banana wine and banana bicomposites products. The work
premises are always healthy
- Trainers from outside and other learning groups of farmers visit the businesses on
study tours income
- Businesses generate income for the households
- Other businesses like shops are attracted to sell other ingredients and equipment
needed.
- All waste products can easily rot into compost and sometimes fed to livestock.
The businesses are environmental friendly yet does not use noisy, smoky neither
smelling materials



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Follow up Actions
- Development of national Musa research strategy
- Adoption study of Musa processing technologies
- Scaling up of Musa processing training of Interdisciplinary Research Group
- Scrutinizing of existing policies in relation to inhibition of Musa processing
- Promotion of the banana cultivars suitable for different products
- Documentation of local technologies used in Musa processing
- Promotion of banana products
- Designing of packaging for Musa products
- Develop a methanol removal methodology from konyagi
Special Papers Presented
1) Support Services for SMEs in the Philippines (Asst. Dir. Jerry Clavesillas-Department of
Trade and Industry, Philippines)
2) A Global Initiative for post-harvest development (Dr. Francois Mazaud)
3) Need of the market and chips quality and other banana products (Dr. Max Reynes)
4) Market system research: Understanding the coconut midrib-basket market-system
(Menno Keizer- IPGRI)
5) Electronic resources and marketing for small Musa processing businesses
(Jason Donovan-CATIE CECOECO)
Criteria Focusing on workshop Outputs:
1. Critical issues identified for the strengthening of Musa processing businesses and their
support environment which will contribute to rural development and Musa biodiversity
(based on 9 country studies)
2. Initiatives to be undertaken by INIBAP networks and country members which address
issues identified across countries and regions
3. Ideas developed for how the method and case studies be documented and reproduced
for use by other countries in the network
4. Ideas developed for how the method and case studies be documented and reproduced
for use by other countries in the network
5. Proposals for the presentation of results of the case studies and workshop in the
regional networks steering committees
6. Project strategies sketched out for the development of Musa processing businesses in
targeted studies
Workshop Sessions

Session 1: Issues and Initiatives
The three groups- processing technology, business development, production will discuss the
nine country studies in relation to the 3-5 issues identified below
Processing Technology Business Development Production
Product quality can be
improved
How can micro and small
businesses grow
Problems of postharvest
losses and seasonal gluts
Product range is narrow How to promote new
businesses
Specific cultivars for specific
processing
National standards are
different from export
standards
Creating new markets for new
products
Using processing to
conserve biodiversity
Financing mechanisms


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1. Propose initiatives to be undertaken by INIBAP, networks and country papers which
address issues identified across countries and regions

2. Present a specific statement of the issue and accompanying initiative to the plenary group;
Who are possible partners in developing the initiative?, How would other member countries
of the networks use the results of the initiative?

Session 2: Making the results of the studies and workshops available to other
countries in the networks

1. The formation of groups by region will discuss how the results of the workshop and the
country studies can be used to stimulate strategies and initiatives in the regional network;
- make a list of ideas of how to improve the method and to make it more accessible and
useful for other countries which do similar studies;
- how should method and case studies be documented and reproduced for use by other
countries in the network;
- how should the results of the case studies and workshop be presented in the next
regional network steering committee meeting;
-
2. Present key ideas to the plenary group

Session 1: Working groups (WG) by discipline

Group I: Processing Technology

Issue: The main issue identified by the working group is that information on Musa processing
exists, but is not accessible to micro/small enterprises and service providers. The
suggestion was made for countries to develop information in a form that is more
accessible to SMEs and service providers.

Information should be grouped according to:

a) raw materials
- cultivar
- maturity date
- microbiological state

b) type of processing
- drying
- frying
- type of language to use
- cooking
- fermenting/distilling
- juicing
- baking

c) type of technology/equipment

d) diverse products already developed but not widely known


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- fibre
- peels
- fruits
- candy
- pastry
- green banana derivatives
- dried banana derivatives

The (primary) language of the output will depend on the importance of the output in a
specific region.

Recommendations made by the working group include:
o to bridge the information gap
o to identify the countries expertise
o to identify the specialists (this would be the role of the networks)

Group II: Production Group

a) Cultivars
- identified products
- identified which cultivar would be for this product
- a need for a complete characterization of the cultivars, biochemical analysis and effect of
cooking
- role of INBAP, compile information
- countries role: do research, share information
- information on methodologies needed
- access to sufficient quantities of planting materials of the cultivars is needed

b) Practices
- preharvest practices is important
- proper techniques in harvesting must be practiced
- use of color codings
- transport is dependent on cultivars
- training
- extension to the farmers, techno transfer
- standard requirements of the industry need to be known as these will direct the
management practices
- classify the results into different categories
- seasonality problem: solutions: staggard planting; organize farmers into cooperatives

c) Biodiversity Conservation
- strengthen programmes and awareness campaigns



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Banana products and the most commonly used cultivars for each of the products

Product(s) Cultivars
Chips French Plantain (AAB), True/False Horn Plantain (AAB),
Saba (ABB), Cardaba (ABB), Popoulo (AAB), EAHB (AAA),
Bluggoe (ABB), FHIA-21 (AAAB)
Fig (dehydrated banana) Ney Poovan (AB), Pisang Awak (ABB), FHIA-01, Robusta
(AAA, Cav), EAHB, Foconah (AAA), Gros Michel, Figue
Pome
Flour Plantain, Kunnan group (AB), EAHB
Juice Pisan Awak, Ney Poovan, Robusta - Cav, EAHB - brewing,
FHIA-25, Gros Michel
Wine Pisan Awak, Ney Poovan, Cav - Williams, Kabuthu (AAA),
EAHB
Pickles Pisang Awak, Mysore (AAB), Bluggoe
Candy
Ketchup


Discussion:

a) Cultivars
Three major needs were identified:
The WG agreed that information is needed on the complete characterization of these
selected varieties, including morphological characterization (eg, fruit shape and size is
important for chips making), host reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, biochemical
characterization, suitability for specific use, etc. Some information is already available from
companies, national institutions and universities and these informations should be
compiled and shared (compendium, internet, ). INIBAP and the individual countries have
an important role to play here. In addition, more research is needed (eg, evaluation of
popular cultivars from 1 region in another region). This will be the responsibility of the
represented countries.

Information is also needed on methodologies (eg, how to carry out biochemical analysis). It
will be INIBAPs task to come up with technical guidelines, etc.
INIBAPs role to help in the access to sufficient quantities of planting materials of these
cultivars.

b) Practices
Quality is determined by:
- Pre-harvest: cultural practices: e.g., bagging, propping
- Harvesting: correct harvesting technique is important
Maturity indices (angulation, colour, diameter) are important to identify the
right time of harvesting; this depends on the cultivar and on the use (e.g.,


85
harvest at 80% maturity for chips making), and is also affected by weather
conditions. The technique of colour coding can be helpful. More research is
needed in this area.
- Post-harvest: Transport is very important (the effect is also dependent on the variety,
e.g., FHIA-01 is more susceptible to bruising during transport). Training
and extension to make farmers aware of these issues and help them limit
loss of quality due to bad practices is of utmost importance. This is a
responsibility of each of the countries.
- Processing: Standard requirements of the processing industry need to be known, as
these will be determinant for the management practices during the
production and postharvest stage. In order to limit the percentage of
rejects, fruits could be classified into different categories and particular
uses identified for each class (e.g., big fruits go to export, while smaller but
otherwise equally perfect fruits that normally would be rejected can be
used for processing). Processing is one of the possible solutions to the
problem of seasonality of production. Other options include staggered
planting and the organization of farmers into cooperatives for the
production and the marketing. In countries where this is not commonly
done, some research is recommended.

c) Biodiversity Conservation
The WG felt it would be hard to use processing as a strategy for biodiversity conservation.
If there is no use for a cultivar, we cannot just invent a use for it. On the other hand,
conservation will naturally follow if there is a good use for a cultivar, and we can try to
promote this (e.g., share information about use of a certain cultivar from 1 country to
another. This can be done through awareness campaigns, free samples; INIBAP can
bring people together and organize study tours from 1 country to another.
Issues raised:
1. Can biodiversity be considered as a niche market (e.g., mixture of popular and less
popular cultivars into 1 product, and sell it as a specialty product)?
2. Are we going to classify TC bananas as organic bananas?
3. The 1st cycle is not organic, because of the hormones added during the culturing, but
the 2
nd
cycle is considered organic.
4. Certain bananas are already extinct because they are not used (e.g., Kunnan group).
Awareness campaigns about the less-known uses of cultivars is important for their
conservation.
5. Standards for products. FDA and CODEX collect data standards
6. There is a need to strengthen programs on clean management technologies

Group III Business Development
How can small businesses grow?
How to promote new business?
Training for micro business
Creating new markets
Financing

a) Key elements in starting a business
1. Business idea based on reliable information
- Government fiscal policy: registration requirements, licensing, taxation, etc.


86
- Profitability
- Availability of markets
- Initial risk assessment
2. Develop a business plan
- Define objectives a business plan
- Situation analysis
- Market analysis
- Inputs requirement
- Finance requirements and sources: equity, loans, grants, etc.
- Statutory and regulatory framework
- Technology requirements and acquisition
- Management: organization and structure
- Quality control
- Marketing strategies
- Pricing policy
- Distribution
- Promotion
- Competition analysis

b) Elements to make a business grow
- Market
- Inputs
- Technology: has to be consistent
- Access to finances
- Quality standards
- Management
- Statutory regulatory market

c) What are the critical issues for the growth of small-scale Musa processing firms?
- Access to raw material
- Access to information
- Technology acquisition
- Product diversification
- General health and safety issues
- Access to finances
- Management
- Financial control




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d) Critical issues in developing effective financial mechanisms for small Musa businesses
- Access to information in financial services
- Increased capacity to access financial services
- Access to finance for physical and working capital
- Increased capacity for financial management
* Proper record keeping and accounting process
* Financial control measures

The WG identified the following needs/initiatives:
Capacity building
Business awareness campaign
Train researchers and food technologists how to do business plans.

Issues
How are market demands translated into business transactions?
Business approaches can be used to tackle rural development.
Research
Social analysis surveys
Translate research into action.
Another element to deal with is the organization of the sector, not just the business itself.
In developing a business plan, before the formulation of the objectives of a business,
there should be a mission and vision.
All the service providers play a key role in organizing these businesses. In a business
plan, there is indeed also a mission and vision.
If a business is not properly managed, it may not be a good livelihood.
Strategic alliances between service providers and businesses.
How do we frame the issue into something that can be addressed by the network? What
is the issue from our point of view?
What we need is capacity building for entrepreneurs for banana.
In Brazil, some processing business were technically established but not directed to the
market. The products were good products but not consumption products.
There are two ways: every agronomist learns to do business plans; or agronomists link
up with people who are business advisers who have developed their skills in doing
market studies.
In the case studies, most of the respondents didnt have an idea what the market was
like. Generate a general understanding of what is available, market demand, different
actors, value chain,
Everybody needs to do all of the above.
INIBAP should push the generic promotion of bananas.

Session 2: Working groups by region

BARNESA working group
1) How to improve the method?
a) The method needs to be refined to remove repetitions.
b) Financial analyses of Musa processing businesses ought to be included in the report.


88
2) How to make the information accessible?
a) Make several copies of the study reports and distribute them via print and electronic media
to extension workers, NGOs, policy makers, private sector, NARS
b) Responsible party: INIBAP, study teams
3) How to report to the network?
a) The study reports ought to be reported to the regional networks.
b) Regional network will organize national workshops.
Responsible party: BARNESA
BAPNET
1) How to improve the method?
a) Sample size must be larger to be representative
b) It is important to obtain the trust and cooperation of the interviewees to be able to obtain
the information
- More informal questionnaires
- Interviewers must have a strong background knowledge before they go into the field in
order to be able to ask the right questions
- split questions into sub questions and extract the needed information yourself
2) How to make the information accessible?
a) Proceedings: methodology, country studies, workshop recommendations
b) Technical Guidelines for the methodology after revision
c) Approaching government and policy makers: facts and figures, recommendations
d) Promotional/awareness campaigns, media/press releases on Musa products, the benefits,
nutrition,
3) How to report to the network?
a) methodology
b) summary of case studies
c) conclusions
d) open forum
e) similarities and differences between countries
f) matrix: who needs/wants what? who can provide what?
g) directions, projects, funding,
MUSALAC
1) How to improve the method?
a) Technical analysis must be done
b) There was no induction of training prior to the use of the method
c) Work must be oriented towards SMEs, without missing the recommendations of large
companies

2) How to make the information accessible?
a) Each country must have a project leader
b) The report on the case studies must be improved and posted on the web page
c) Technical bullets must be prepared for each product (diagrams, specifications,
requirements for quality standards)
d) Improve the structure of the guide and the format for providing info
e) Funds must be provided for spreading the results of the workshop
3) How to report to the network?
a) INIBAP in conjunction with MUSALAC will hold a symposium which will be a good venue
for information sharing and dissemination


89
MUSACO
1) How to improve the method?
a) Reduction of repeated questions
b) Refinement of the questionnaire to make it suitable to the study environment
c) Study team should have more of enterprise development and financial people
d) The final workshop should involve more of the business/enterprise people that can easy
pick up the results and put it into practice
2) How to make the information accessible?
a) Documentation: distribution of hard copies, cds, etc.
b) Meetings
c) Website
d) Initiating the study in other countries & expanding the investigations to other parts of CMR
and NIG
3) How to report to the network?
a) the results the project for each country should be presented at the regional meetings
b) the project coordinator should present the results and outputs of this workshop during
regional network steering committee meetings
c) Musa business people should be invited at the network meetings
Issues:
Improvement of methodology-- send suggestions and comments to Charles
Regarding on passing it on the network, BAPNET will be a guinea pig
IPR - Is each region willing to share information about their products?


Session 3: Project Strategies (Connectivity)

Exercice
a) Possible project objectives:
- Increased competitiveness of micro businesses
- Increased competitiveness of small exporters in the niche market
- Increased value adding by farmer groups/cooperatives
- Development of new products/markets
3 questions:
i) What are the critical issues to be addressed by the
ii) Presentation of the products (packaging)
iii) Promotion of the products (advertisement)

Group 1: Cameroon, Malawi, Malaysia
Country case: Malawi
Project objective: Increased value adding by farmer groups/cooperatives

1) Critical issues to be addressed by the project
a) Needs to understand the market better
iv) Distribution - market channels (where to market)
v) Presentation of the products (packaging)
vi) Promotion of the products (advertisement)
b) Capacity to produce quality product


90
c) Strengthen the organization of the farmers group
d) Business administration need to hire somebody to train them in various business aspects
e) Equipping with processing technologies
f) Identify the leader with entrepreneurships skills to take a leading role
g) Business plan
h) Capacity to produce quality product
i) Strengthen the organization of the farmers group
j) Business administration need to hire somebody to train them in various business aspects
k) Equipping with processing technologies
l) Identify the leader with entrepreneurships skills to take a leading role
m) Business plan

2) Key partners for project implementation (respective roles, motives and needs)

Key players Roles / Motives / Needs
a. Government business development
agencies : * Development of Malawian
Enterprises Trust (DEMAT) * Malawi
Confederation of Chambers of
Commerce and Industry (MCCCI)
Offers training in business management skills
and loan facilities

Policy making and organising local trade fair
b. Micro finance institutions (Government
and Private)
Provide loans
c. Wholesalers
Trading
d. Input suppliers
Provide inputs (equipments, packaging
materials, etc.)
e. Transporters
Transportation and distribution of (raw materials
& final products)

3) Expected contribution to rural development:
- Increased income & nutrition
- Employment opportunities
- Less social ill

Group 2: Philippines, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
Country case: Philippines
Project objective: Increased value adding by farmer groups/cooperatives

1) Critical issues to be addressed by the project
a) Losses
b) Marketing
c) Feasibility studies/Assessment of the process return of the investment
d) Marketing

2) Key partners for project implementation (respective roles, motives and needs)
a) Farmers cooperatives
b) Traders
c) Technical staff: NGO, government


91
d) Local Representatives : roads, facilities, transportations
e) Farmers and traders/ win-win relationships

3) Expected contribution to rural development
a) More jobs
b) Increase the income of the farmers
c) Improve the well being of the community
d) To maintain the banana industry in the country
e) Contribution in the nutrition of the population

4) Components of the project:
a) Training
b) Technology and processing
c) Organization of farmers
d) Marketing

Group 3: Tanzania, India, Nigeria
Country case: Tanzania
Project objective: Development of new products and markets (product: wine)

1) Critical issues to be addressed by the project:
a) scaling up the existing units
b) requirement of technology
c) attractive packaging and labelling
d) good equipment
e) business flow and financial management
f) quality control agency

2) Key partners for project implementation (respective roles, motives and needs):
a) FADECO (NGO): technology and business management
b) ARDI Maruku: technology development and dissemination
c) SIDO- machineries and equipment
d) Farmers bank: for financial acquisition
e) Farmers--supplying raw material
f) TANESCO- electricity
g) BDS- Business development services; marketing: wholesale

3) Expected contribution to rural development
a) assured market and stable price
b) rural employment
c) enhanced economic status of rural folks
d) employment, new traders
Follow up actions to the workshop participants
CD on workshop for each participant
Send observations on methods modifications to power point - end of Nov 2005
Write up improved method
review of improved method guide by country teams - Q1 2006
Print the guide in 1-3 languages (depending on funding) - March-April 2006


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Small working group formed on Musa products/quality information access - Q4 2005,
Q1 2006
Incorporate issues/initiatives into IPGRI-INIBAP Workplan 2006-2007 - Oct 2005
Report back regional response
- BAPNET 15-16 October 2005
- MUSALAC March 2006
- BARNESA September 2006
- MUSACO June 2006
-

WORKSHOP EVALUATION - Client Satisfaction Feedback
a) Twenty six participants (78%) who returned the feedback form answered that the
objectives of the workshop were attained. Specifically, 78% rate the attainability of the
workshop as Yes, 4% as partly attained, none for No, and 18% abstained
b) Of the 28 participants, 61% responded good as to the program contents which include
provision of new information/knowledge and its relevance to the participants present
work/frontiers; 32% answered very good and 7% (2 participants) answered fair.
c) As to the methods/process (e.g. presentations, discussions, and workshops) 32% rated
very good, 56% good, and 5% fair.
d) More than half of the respondents (57%) answered that the availability/adequacy of
materials and equipment exceeded their expectations, fulfilled all the expectations, 32%
and fulfilled some of their expectations, 11%
e) About 36% answered that the speakers knowledge of the subject matter, clarity,
effectiveness exceeded their expectations, half of the participants (14) fulfilled all their
expectations and 14% answered that speakers knowledge fulfilled some of their
expectations.
f) In general, majority of the participants (64% remarked that the overall coordination of the
workshop as well as the training venue/environment exceeded their expectations).