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I NSTRUCTI ONS
1. Candi dates shoul d attempt any FIVE questi ons.
2. The number of marks carri ed by each subdi vi si on of a questi on i s i ndi cated at the end of the subdi vi si on.
3. The total number of marks for each questi on wi l l be 40.
4. Answers must be wri tten onl y i n ENGLISH.
5. Notati ons used are standard and wi l l have thei r usual meani ngs, unl ess otherwi se i ndi cate.
6. Assume sui tabl e data, i f found necessary, and i ndi cate them cl earl y. Newton may be converted to kgf usi ng the
rel ati on 1 ki l onewton (1 kN) = 100 kgf, i f found necessary.
Sl. No. 1 ABCDEF
Civil Engineering
Conventional Test-1
(Date 10 March-2012)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Marks : 200
1(a). The r i gi d beam BCD i s at t ached by bol t s t o a cont r ol r od at B, t o a hydr aul i c cyl i nder at C, and
t o a suppor t at D. The di amet er s of t he bol t s used ar e: d
B
= d
D
= 10mm, d
C
= 12mm. Each bol t act s
i n doubl e shear and i s made fr om a st eel for whi ch t he ul t i mat e shear i ng st r ess i s
u
t = 280 MPa.
t he cont r ol r od AB has a di amet er d
A
= 11mm and i s made of a st eel for whi ch t he ul t i mat e t ensi l e
st r ess i s 420
u
o = MPa. I f t he mi ni mum fact or of safet y i s t o be 3.0 for t he ent i r e uni t , det er mi ne
t he l ar gest upwar d for ce whi ch may be appl i ed by t he hydr aul i c cyl i nder at C. (20 mar ks)
150mm 200mm
B
D
Bol t(B) Bol t (C) Bol t D
C
F
B
A
F
D
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(b). A rectangular rosette strain gauge records the following values
for li near st r ai n at a poi nt i n t wo di mensi onal str ess syst em:
e
x
= 500 10
6
and e
y

= 125 10
6
and e
45
= 250 10
6
, t he
l at t er bei ng at 45 t o t he X and Y axes. Det er mi ne t he
pr i nci pal st r ai ns and st r esses. Take E = 2.1 10
5
N/mm
2
and = 0.3. (15 mar ks)
(c). What ar e t he di ffer ences bet ween compact i on and consol i dat i on? (5 mar ks)
2(a). A 8.5 m deep compact ed fi l l i s t o be pl aced over t he soil pr ofi l e shown i n fi gur e bel ow. Consol i dati on
t est s on sampl es fr om poi nt s A and B pr oduced t he fol l owi ng r esul t s:
c
0
Sampl e A Sampl e B
C 0.25 0.20
0.08 0.06
0.66 0.45
101 kPa 510 kPa
r
c
C
e
' o
Preconsol idat ion st r ess at other point s i n each l ayer s
can be cal cul at ed usi ng f or mul a
0
m c z
' ' ' o = o o
where
m
' o = over consol i dat i on mar gi n whi ch i s assumed
const ant (effect i ve).
c
' o = pr econsol i dat i on st r ess (effect i ve)
0
z
' o
= ef f ect i ve st r ess at t he l evel under
consi der at i on
Comput e t he ul t i mat e consol i dat i on due t o t he wei ght of t hi s fi l l . [For each l ayer comput e
set t l ement by cal cul at i ng ' Ao
at t he cent r e of t he l ayer ] (20 mar ks)
(b). Expl ai n and di scuss t he use of Li qui di t y I ndex, Act i vi t y number , Thi xot r opy and Sensi t i vi t y of
soi l . (5 mar ks)
(c). The st at e of st r ess at a poi nt i s t he r esul t of t he t hr ee separ at e act i ons t hat pr oduce t he t hr ee
st at es of st r esses shown i n Fi g. Det er mi ne t he pr i nci pal st r esses and pr i nci pal pl anes caused by
t he super posi t i on of t hese t hr ee st r ess st at es. (15 mar ks)
30
60
30 N/mm
2
(c)
60 N/mm
2
60
60
x
45 N/mm
2
x
x
45
(b) (a)
0
A
x
y
B
45
45
C
e
y
e
x
e
45
10.0
= 19.5 kN/m
3
Very st i ff cl ay (CL)
Gl aci al t i l l
18.0 m
St i ff si lt y cl ay (CL)
4.0
A
7.0 m
2.0 m
8.5 m
= 18.3 kN/m
3
= 19.0 kN/m
3
= 20.3 kN/m
3
Pr oposed fi l l
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3(a). Shaft BC i s hol l ow wi t h i nner and out er di amet er s of 90 mm and 120 mm, r espect i vel y. Shaft s
AB and CD ar e sol i d and of di amet er d. For t he l oadi ng shown, det er mi ne (a) t he maxi mum and
mi ni mum shear i ng st r ess i n shaft BC, (b) t he r equi r ed di amet er d of shaft s AB and CD i f t he
al l owabl e shear i ng st r ess i n t hese shaft s i s 65 MPa. (15 mar ks)
90mm
6kNm
26kNm
0.9m 0.7m 0.5m
14kNm
120mm
6kNm
d d
A
B
C
D
(b). A l ayer of cl ay 8m t hi ck l i es bet ween t wo l ayer s of sand. The upper sand l ayer ext ends fr om
gr ound l evel t o a dept h of 4m, t he wat er t abl e bei ng at a dept h of 2m. The l ower sand l ayer i s
under ar t esi an pr essur e, t he pi ezomet r i c l evel bei ng 6m above gr ound l evel . t he sat ur at ed uni t
wei ght s of t he cl ay and sand r espect i vel y ar e 20 kN/m
3
. For t he cl ay m
v
= 9.4 10
4
m
2
/kN and
c
v
= 4.510
8
m
2
/s. Due t o pumpi ng fr om t he ar t esi an l ayer t he pi ezomet r i c l evel fal l s by 3m over
a per i od of 2 year s. Fi nd fi nal consol i dat i on set t l ement . (10 mar ks)
Ao
8m
4m
2m
sand
sand
Cl ay
W.T.
(2) 6m
3m
(1)
(c). A sand cone t est has been per for med i n a compact ed fi l l made wi t h t he soi l descr i bed i n fi gur e
shown bel ow. The t est r esul t wer e as fol l ows: (10 mar ks)
I ni t i al mass of sand cone appar at us = 5.912 kg
Fi nal mass of sand cone appar at us = 2.378 kg
Mass of soi l r ecover ed fr om hol e = 2.883 kg
Moi st ur e cont ent of soi l fr om hol e = 7.0%
Max. pr oct or densi t y (dr y densi t y) at t hi s moi st ur e cont ent
= 19 kN/m
3
Densi t y of sand = 1300 kg/m
3
Vol ume of cone bel ow val ve = 1.114 10
-3
m
3
The pr oj ect speci fi cat i ons r equi r e a r el at i ve compact i on of at
l east 90%.
Comput e
d
and Rel at i ve Compact i on (C
R
) and det er mi ne
whet her t he pr oj ect speci fi cat i ons have been met .
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(d). Gi ve an account of t he di ffer ences i n soi l char act er i st i cs such as st r uct ur e, per meabi l i t y upon
sat ur at i on, shear st r engt h, st r ess-st r ai n behavi our , compr essi bi l i t y and swel l i ng when i t i s
compact ed on t he dr y si de of OMC and wet si de of OMC. (5 mar ks)
4(a). An 8m dept h of sand over l i es a 6m l ayer of cl ay, bel ow whi ch i s an i mper meabl e st r at um. The
wat er t abl e i s 2m bel ow t he sur face of t he sand. Over a per i od of 1 year a 3m dept h of fi l l (uni t
wei ght 20 kN/m
3
) i s t o be dumped on t he sur face over an ext ensi ve ar ea. The sat ur at ed uni t
wei ght of t he sand i s 19 kN/m
3
and t hat of t he cl ay 20 kN/m
3
; above t he wat er t abl e t he uni t
wei ght of t he sand i s 17 kN/m
3
. For t he cl ay, t he r el at i onshi p bet ween voi d r at i o and effect i ve
st r ess (uni t s kN/m
2
) can be r epr esent ed by t he equat i on (15 mar ks)
6m
Sand
Cl ay
W.T.
8m
Fi l l
d = 6m
4.5m
1.5m
I mper meabl e
d = 1.5m
d= 2.25m
(1)
(2)
(a) (b)
2m
e =
0.88 0.32l og
100
' o

and t he coeff i ci ent of consol i dat i on i s 4.0 10

8
m
2
/s.
The t i me of f ul l l oad appl i cat i on may be t aken as
t =
dumpi ng t i me
2
+ t i me aft er t he dumpi ng t i me.)
(i) Cal cul at e t he fi nal set t l ement of t he ar ea due t o consol i dat i on of t he cl ay and t he set t l ement
aft er a per i od of 3 year s fr om t he st ar t of dumpi ng.
(i i ) I f a ver y t hi n l ayer of sand, fr eel y dr ai ni ng, exi st ed 1.5 m above t he bot t om of t he cl ay l ayer ,
what woul d be t he val ue of t he fi nal and 3 year set t l ement s?
(b). Defi ne t he t er ms (5 mar ks)
(a) ar ea r at i o (b) i nsi de cl ear ance (c) out si de cl ear ance
(c). Fi nd t he maxi mum shear st r ess due t o t he appl i ed for ces i n pl ane AB of t he 10-mm-di amet er
hi gh-st r engt h st eel shaft shown i n Fi g.(a). (20 mar ks)
P = 250N
T = 20 N-m
B
A
(a)
2
5
m
m
7
5
m
m
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5(a). Two soi l sampl es A and B each 24 cm t hi ck, wer e t est ed usi ng an oedomet er . The i ni t i al voi d r at i os
of A and B under a pr essure of 1.0 kg/cm
2
ar e r espect i vel y 0.55 and 0.632. They decr ease t o 0.495
and 0.616 r espect i vel y when t he pr essur e i s i ncr eased by 1.5 kg/cm
2
. To r each a 50% degr ee of
consol i dat i on, t he t i me t aken by Sampl e A i s hal f t hat r equi r ed by Sampl e B. (15 mar ks)
Comput e (i ) m
v
for t he t wo sampl es and (i i ) t he r at i o of t he per meabi l i t y of t wo sampl es.
(b). A st eel shaft ABC (Fig. a) of 50mm diamet er i s dr i ven at A by a mot or t hat t r ansmi t s 50 kW t o t he
shaft at 10 Hz. The gears at B and C remove 30 kW and 20 kW, respecti vely. Comput e the maxi mum
shear st r ess t i n t he shaft and t he angle of t wi st | between t he ends A and C. G = 80 GPa
(10 mar ks)
Mot or
1.0m 1.2m
A B C
50mm
(a)
(c). A ci r cul ar t ube and a squar e t ube (Fi g.) ar e const r uct ed of t he same mat er i al and subj ect ed t o
t he same t or que. Bot h t ubes have t he same l engt h, same wal l t hi ckness, and same cr oss-
sect i onal ar ea.
What ar e t he r at i os of t hei r shear st r esses and angl es of t wi st ? Di sr egar d t he effect s of st r ess
concent r at i ons at t he cor ner s of t he squar e t ube). (15 mar ks)
r
t
t
b
(a) (b)
Compar i son of ci r cul ar and squar e t ubes
6(a). A st at e of pl ane st r ess consi st s of a t ensi l e st r ess
0
56 MPa o = exer t ed on ver t i cal sur faces and of
unknown shear i ng st r esses. Det er mi ne (a) t he magni t ude of t he shear i ng st r ess
0
t for whi ch t he
l ar gest nor mal st r ess i s 70 MPa, (b) t he cor r espondi ng maxi mum shear i ng st r ess. (15 mar ks)
y
x
o
0
=56 MPa
t
0
t
0
o
0
O
(b). A pi ece of mat er i al i s subj ect ed t o t wo per pendi cul ar st r esses f
1
(t ensi l e) and f
2
(compr essi ve).
Fi nd an expr essi on for t he st r ai n ener gy per uni t vol ume. (15 mar ks)
I f a st r ess of 128 N/mm
2
act i ng al one gi ves t he same val ue of st r ai n ener gy as t he expr essi on
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al r eady f ound, fi nd t he val ue of f
2
when f
1
= 112 N/mm
2
. Take = 0.3
(c). I n a l abor at or y t est a sampl e of cl ay 24 mm t hi ck consol i dat ed 50% i n 15 mi nut es wi t h doubl e
dr ai nage. How much t i me i t wi l l t ake for a l ayer of same cl ay 6m t hi ck t o consol i dat e (i ) 50%
(i i ) 30%. I f t he cl ay l ayer i n t he fi el d has si ngl e dr ai nage, det er mi ne t he t i me for i t t o consol i dat e
(i ) 50% and (i i ) 30%. (10 mar ks)
7(a). A cir cular bar AB, fi xed at one end and free at t he other , is l oaded by a distr ibut ed t or que of const ant
i nt ensi t y q per uni t di st ance al ong t he axi s of t he bar . Der i ve a for mul a for t he amount of st r ai n
ener gy st or ed i n the bar when t he l oad i s appl i ed. Then eval uat e t he st rai n ener gy for t he fol l owi ng
numer i cal val ues: L = 8m, I
p
= 120 10
6
m
4
, q = 5 kN.m/m, and G = 78 GPa. (15 mar ks)
(b). Det er mi ne t he per cent age change i n vol ume of a st eel bar 40 mm squar e i n sect i on and 1 m l ong
when subj ect ed t o an axi al compr essi ve l oad of 15 kN.
What change i n vol ume woul d a 100 mm cube of st eel suffer at a dept h of 4 km i n sea wat er ?
Take E = 2 10
5
N/mm
2
and G = 0.81 10
5
N/mm
2
(10 mar ks)
(c). A cor e cut t er 12.6 cm i n hei ght and 10.2 cm i n di amet er wei ghs 1071 gm when empt y. I t i s used
t o det er mi ne t he i n-si t u uni t wei ght of an embankment . The wei ght of cor e cut t er ful l of soi l i s
2970 gm. (15 mar ks)
(i ) I f t he wat er cont ent i s 6%, what ar e t he i n-si t u dr y uni t wei ght and por osi t y?
(ii ) I f t he embankment get s ful l y sat ur at ed due t o heavy r ai ns what wi l l be t he i ncr ease i n wat er
cont ent and bul k uni t wei ght , i f no vol ume change occur s? The speci fi c gr avi t y of t he soi l
sol i ds i s 2.69.