Surgical Instruments

CUTTING INSTRUMENT 1. Suture Scissors - are autoclavable and made from surgical stainless steel. The basic tip design may be pointed or blunt ended. The blades are either hooked, curved or have a curved blunt blade to enable easy removal of sutures. The hook lets the medical personnel easily lift the sutures to be cut.

2. Mayo Scissors - Mayo scissors are a type of surgical scissor. They may be made from stainless steel or titanium and have a polished or brushed finish. Straightbladed Mayo scissors are designed for cutting body tissues near the surface of the wound. The curved style of Mayo scissor is used to cut thick tissues such as those found in the uterus, muscles, breast and foot.

3. Metzembaum Scissor - are surgical scissors designed for cutting delicate tissue. The scissors come in variable lengths and have a relatively long shank-to-blade ratio. They are constructed of tungsten carbide and blades can be curved or straight. The blade tips are blunt. 4. 5. Stitch Scissor - for stitch removal; have a hook-shaped point on one blade to hook under the stitch before cutting it with the opposing blade.

6. Bandage Scissor - are very popular in any health care facility because they are designed to safely lift bandages away from skin for easy cutting. The bottom blade of the scissor is longer and goes easily under the bandages. The blunt tip design of the scissor prevents accidental injury while making bandage removal very easy, smooth, and quick. The scissors safely lifts bandage away from skin for easy cutting.

7. Scalpel - small knife with a thin blade, used in surgical operations.

CLAMPING INSTRUMENTS

1. Mosquito Clamp - A small, straight or curved hemostatic forceps used to hold delicate tissue or compress a bleeding vessel.

2. Kelly clamp - a type of hemostat usually made of stainless steel. They resemble a pair of scissors with the blade replaced by a blunted grip. They also feature a locking mechanism to allow them to act as clamps. They may be used for occluding blood vessels, manipulating [tissues], or for assorted other purposes.

3. Crile Clamp - A clamp for temporary stoppage of blood flow

4. Peans Clamp - a curved or straight hemostatic clamp with serrations along the entire length of the jaw.

5. Allis Forcep - A straight grasping forceps with serrated jaws, used to forcibly grasp or retract tissues or structures.

6. Babcock - Forceps with loop blades which are also semicircular in sagittal cross-section. Designed to hold a short length of intestine without compressing it.

7. Ochsner - A strongly built, curved hemostat with rat-tooth tips to the blades. it is used to hold stronger organ or tissue

8. Foester sponge Forceps - Used to hold swabs or sponges for mopping up the site. Scissor-type operation with ratcheted handles. The blades are loops with serrated opposing faces. May be straight or, for better visibility of the site, curved.

RETRACTORS 1. Richardson Retractor - is a handheld medical instrument used during chest or abdominal surgery. Such retractors feature a handle and a long shaft with a wide hook, known as a blade, at the end. Surgeons use the blade to grasp soft tissue such as skin, muscle, or internal organs.

2. Army-Navy Retractor - is used to retract shallow or superficial incisions.

3. Deaver Retractor - is a surgical instrument used to hold the edges of an abdominal or chest incision open so that the surgeon is able to reach the underlying organs. It is a thin, flat instrument with curved ends. The curved ends of the retractor are placed at the edges of the incision and held there by hand or clamped into place. The Deaver retractor can be used to hold organs inside the abdominal cavity away from the surgical site.

4. Harrington Retractor - is used by surgeons to either actively separate the edges of a surgical incision or wound, or can hold back underlying organs and tissues, so that body parts under the incision may be accessed.

5. Malleable - is used to retract deep wounds. May be bent to various shapes.

6. Weitlander Retractor - a self-retaining instrument, shaped like a scissors but the blades open when the ratcheted handles are closed. The blades each have four downward-pointing, curved prongs which retain their position in a spread wound. It is used to retract shallow incisions.

7. Mayo Abdominal Retractor - For retraction in large abdominal surgeries

8. Self-retaining Retractor and Balfour - surgical instrument which is used by a surgeon to hold open abdominal incisions during a laparotomy. The device holds itself in place, leaving the hands of surgeon and assistants free to focus on surgical tasks.

ORTHOPEDIC INSTRUMENT 1. Bone Mallet - A heavy-headed surgical instrument used for driving a bone chisel.

2. Bone Elevator - A surgical instrument used to elevate tissues or to raise a sunken part, such as a depressed fragment of bone.

3. Bone Saw a type of saw which has been designed to cut through bone.

4. Bone File - It is a surgical instrument used for scrapping and filing bones or other form tissues. It is an instrument used in surgery to smooth the edges of a divided bone.

5. Bone Drill - A bone drill is a device used by surgeons to repair broken bones. The bone drill is used to create holes that surgical pins and screws attach to. The bone drill is made of surgical-grade materials and is able to operate without adversely affecting the open wound. The bone drill is also used when extracting bone marrow from a bone.

6. Gigli Saw - fexible wire saw used by surgeons for bone cutting. A gigli saw is used mainly for amputation surgeries, where the bones have to be smoothly cut at the level of amputation.

7. Lowmann Clamp - a clamp designed to hold fractured ends of bone in position while plates are screwed into place, and so on. Consists of opposing sets of incurving claws which can be screwed into a tight position.

8. Bone Chisel - a heavyweight steel chisel used for paring of the surface of bones.

9. Bone Curette - The standard equipment for curetting bone. Shaped like a miniature ice cream scoop it has very sharp and durable edges and a hand-filling, bulbous handle.

10. Rongeur - a strongly constructed instrument with a sharp-edged, scoopshaped tip, used for gouging out bone. A rongeur can be used to open a window in bone, often in the skull. It is used in neurosurgery to expose areas for operation.

11. Bone Cutter use for For cutting small bones and for skull dissections.