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There can be an a.c. component on the d.c. supply. This is capacitively coupled to the module frames producing an a.c. voltage. While not likely to be lethal, if not depleted by earthing, an electric shock will be enough to cause a person to fall off the roof
e.g. the system owner, while cleaning modules.
If a fault develops in the PV array, the grid voltage will be present this is likely to be lethal. Earth wires must be run so that the removal of one component (e.g. module) does not interrupt the earthing of other parts of a system. In other words daisy chaining earth connections is not permitted. Minimum recommended CSA - 4mm The PV earth connection is direct to the earth link not via the inverter earth connection. Refer to the CEC GC Installation guideline.
PV String
GC Inverter
A N E
AC Switchboard
EARTH LINK
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Energy Efficiency
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Conducting frame
Figure 3 Consequences if there is a fault in equipment where the frame is not earthed
N AC
Earth r eturn
shows a piece of equipment where the earth connection to the frame as been left disconnected. Under fault conditions the equipment frame may be raised to a lethal voltage and the current flow will be through the person. This is a very dangerous and potentially lethal arrangement. What happens if the neutral connection to an installation becomes disconnected or broken at the point of attachment (POA) to a building ? This is a serious situation and can lead to serious safety issues in an installation which are not specific to PV. If the neutral becomes interrupted at the POA and the earth of the installation is not a very good return conductor to adjacent earths and neutral connections it can lead to a significant voltage present on the earth/neutral link of the installation as that point is connected to metal cases of electrical equipment including toasters, washing machines and other appliances. Under these conditions the metal cases of those pieces of equipment can be raised to a dangerous voltage with respect to the actual earth. If a person comes into contact with, for example a toaster, and also some earth point not connected to the installations MEN point then they may receive a shock. To reduce the likelihood of this type of occurrence the appliance standards require exposed metal of electrical equipment to be earthed.
shows a piece of equipment correctly connected under normal operating conditions with no faults.
Conducting frame
Earth return
Figure 2 Typical metal framed electrical equipment connections with fault in equipment to earth
shows the same piece of equipment if a fault to frame occurs showing the path of the current flow. Under these conditions no current flows through the person because the frame is connected to earth and the person is standing on earth so there is no potential difference that would produce current flow in the persons body.
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Energy Efficiency
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The EL-042 Renewable Energy Systems and EL-001 Wiring Rules committees support the earthing of PV module frames for safety.
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