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Local axes
Y Z

Local axes convention for STAAD.

2 3

Local axes convention for ETABS.

Info about beta angle also need to be extracted and column axes / orientation should be shown accordingly.

Procedure for calculating Muz1 (uniaxial moment capacity about Z-Z for a given Pu)
Interaction diagram can be drawn for values or Pu and Muz for various positions of NA. Pu = Cc + Cs Muz = Mc + Ms Mc and Ms denote the resultant moments due to Cc and Cs respectively, with respect to the centroidal axis (principal axis under consideration) DY = Dimension along Y-Y

Calculation of centroid of the section

User will be asked to draw column shape in AutoCAD for other than rectangular and circular columns such that the local axes of the column are as per the standard format. Left and right edges of the column are to be identified and Dim Y of the column to be divided into strips of width not greater than 10 mm.

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Following calculations are made to calculate the centroidal axis of the column. Table 1

Distance Avg depth Centre of from Depth of of the strip from Area of Strip MCE section strip MCE strip S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 0 300 1 10 300 300 5 4500 2 20 300 300 15 4500 3 30 300 300 25 4500 and so on . . .

Moment of strip about MCE S7 33750 101250 168750

Here S1, S2 . . . indicates the S No. of the data in columns S1 = Strip No. from left edge S2 = Distance of the right edge of the strip from MCE (First row in the table is for the left most edge of the section) S3 = From AutoCAD for irregular section / calculated values for rectangular or circular section S4 = Depth of left edge + right edge/ 2 S6 = S4 x width of the strip S7 = S6 x S5 CG of the section from MCE (in Y-Y direction) =CGy =

S7 S6

There may be a better method to calculate centroid of the section but we have to draw the strips in any case for calculating Cc and Mc as explained below.

Page |3 Calculating Cc and Mc

Following calculations will have to be done for various positions of NA (starting from min value and increasing in increments (= 0.05 x DY). Strains at the centre of strip as given in S8 are for a particular value of Xu. Most compressed edge will be assumed to be the left edge (for calculating Muz) and bottom edge (for calculating Muy). Table 2 Value of Xu =

Distance Avg Centre of from Depth of depth of strip from Area of Strip MCE section the strip MCE strip S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 0 300 1 10 300 300 5 4500 2 20 300 300 15 4500 3 30 300 300 25 4500 and so on . . . S1 to S6 = same as in previous table

Stress in Strain at concrete CompressiveMoment centre of at centre force due to due to strip of strip concrete concrete S8 S9 S10 S11 0.0035 0.003413 13.41 60345 11616413 0.003238 13.41 60345 10711238 0.003063 13.41 60345 9806063

S8 = i = Values of strain at distance yi along Y-Y for a particular value of Xu. This has been explained in the subsequent section. Compressive strains will be calculated as positive and tensile strains as negative. Value of strain the first row is the strain at MCE S9 = 0 0.447 fck 0.447 fck [2(i/0.002) - (i/0.002)2) S10 = S6 x S9 S11 = S10 x (CGy S5) ; CGy = Distance of the centroid from MCE as calculated in last section Cc = S10 ; Mc = S11 Note: Strains at the centre of the strips are calculated from known values of Xu and strain at the MCE. Strain at centre of ith strip = (for strains 0) (for strains 0.002) (for other values of strain)

Strain at MCE ( Xu yi ) Xu

yi = distance of the ith strip from MCE

Page |4 Calculating Cs and Ms

For calculating Cs and Ms we need to have the distance of various rows of steel from MCE (DSTi) and areas of steel in these rows (ASTi). The same can be calculated from the user input data for rectangular and circular columns. For other shapes, this can be taken from the AutoCAD based on the drawing of the column given by the user. Most compressed edge will be assumed to be the left edge (for calculating Muz) and bottom edge (for calculating Muy).

Following calculations will have to be done for various positions of NA (starting from min value and increasing in increments (= 0.05 x DY). Strains at various distances from MCE as given in S15 are for a particular value of Xu.

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Table 3 Value of Xu =

Distance Row from Area of No. of MCE reinf reinf DSTi ASTi S12 S13 S14 0

Compressive Moment Strain in Stress in force/ due to steel steel Tensile force steel S15 S16 S17 S18 0.0035

S13, S14 = calculated values from user input or picked up from AutoCAD S15 = strain values corresponding to respective distance from MCE. This has been explained in the subsequent section. Compressive strains will be calculated as positive and tensile strains as negative. Value of strain the first row is the strain at MCE S16 = Stress in steel from stress-strain curve (refer Table 3.2 in book by Menon or SP-16). Compressive stress is taken positive and tensile stress is negative, i.e., Stress will have the same sign as that of strain. S17 = S14 x S16 (Compressive force = +ve ; Tensile force = -ve) S18 = S17 x (CGy S13) ; CGy = Distance of the centroid from MCE as calculated earlier

Cs = S17 ; Ms = S18 Note: Strains at various distances from MCE are calculated from known values of Xu and strain at the MCE. Strain at ith row =

Strain at MCE ( Xu DSTi ) Xu

DSTi = distance of the ith row from MCE

Calculations of strains (S8 / S15)

Strain at the most compressed edge and at the other edge of the section is calculated as given below: For Xu D at MCE = 0.0035

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For Xu > D

at MCE =

0.002 Xu 3 DimY Xu 7

Xu < D DY - Xu 0.0035

Xu = DY 0.0035

Xu > DY 0.002

3D/7

Table 4

Values of Xu

Strain at the most compressed edge

Min value of Xu = 0.15 x DY (arbitrary value) Increase the value of Xu in an increment of 0.05 x DY (arbitrary chosen value) Max value of Xu = 4 x DY (arbitrary chosen value) Value of Xu and corresponding strain at MCE are transferred to first row of Table 2 (S8) and Table 3 (S15) to get the corresponding values of Cc , Mc , Cs and Ms corresponding to the value of Xu. Therefore just by transferring the values of Xu in succession, we can calculate the values of Pu and Muz corresponding to various values of Xu. Note: Negative values of Pu may be obtained from initial values of Xu. These are ignored and not taken into account for drawing interaction diagram. Value of Muz corresponding to Pu = 0 corresponds to pure bending. There may not be any need to calculate this value.

Page |7 Calculating value of Pbz

Pb is the axial load corresponding to the balanced failure. This is required to calculate the modification factor to be applied to slenderness moments. Xub = Distance of the NA for balanced failure from most compressed edge (MCE)

Most compressed edge Xub EDY - Xub

0.0035

Yield strain in steel = y = Es = 2 x 105 N/mm2 EDY = DY Gross cover

0.87 f y Es

0.002 (for Fe 415/500 ; Fe 250 option need not be given)

Xub =

0.0035 EDY y 0.0035

Strain at MCE = 0.0035

Transfer these values to Table 2 and 3 to calculate the value Pub. Pub = Cc + Cs FOLLOW THE SIMILAR PROCEDURE FOR OTHER DIRECTION.