A PRESENTATION ON ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AT

NTPC, FARIDABAD

PRESENTED BY : -

GAURAV PRIYADARSHI
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING,
JIWAJI UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR

Some Points About NTPC LIMITED :

Set up in 1975. Indias largest thermal power generating company. Installed capacity of 29,394 MW. 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW) . 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW). 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW). The company has power generating facilities in all major regions of the country.

NTPC FARIDABAD PLANT

Approved by govt. in July 1997. Plant capacity of 432 MW. 3 Turbines being used for power generation. Two GAS TURBINE (GT-1 & GT-2) having capacity 138 MW each. 1 STEAM TURBINE (ST) based on Waste Heat Recovery System having capacity of 156 MW. Gas from GAIL as a fuel used taken from HBJ pipeline. Naptha & HSD are fuels used in absence of gas. Water source is Gurgaon canal. 1 Black start diesel generator set available for emergency situations such as grid failure.

TURBINES (1)2 Gas Turbines (GT1 & GT2) :- Manufactured by Siemens. Both are 4 stage turbines (Has 4 rows of blades). GT-1 commissioned in June 1999 & GT-2 in October 1999. Fuel gas & Air from atmosphere mixed in compressor & then burnt in combustion chamber is input to Gas turbines. Input is at high temperature & pressure. High pressure of input used to rotate turbines. GT-1 & GT-2 further rotates generators coupled to them. Power generated 2x138 MW. Output voltage 10.5 kV.

(2) Steam Turbine : Manufactured by BHEL. Specifications :Speed 3000 rpm ,Pressure 86kg/cm2. Commissioned in July 2000. Input is steam at high temperature & pressure. Steam generated from Demineralised Water. Heat required is gained from flue gas released from Gas turbines. Pressurized steam rotates turbine. Turbine further rotates generator coupled to it.

 Power generated 156 MW. Output voltage 15.75 kV.

POWER GENERATION USING GAS TURBINES

Environmental Air Combustion Chamber R Fuel Gas

Flue gas at . 540 C

Compressed air +Fuel gas At high pressure

compressor

Compressed air

Gas Turbine

Generator

Electric Power

Combustion Chamber L

Fuel Gas Coupling Shaft

 Compressor takes environmental air & compresses it. Compressor has 16 stages i.e 16 rows of blades. Compressed air feeded to Combustion Chamber(CC). Fuel gas also feeded to CC. In CC both mixed,burnt & converted to high pressure gas. High pressure gas feeded to GT. It causes rotation of GT. Gas emmited out from GT is at 540 C & also known as Flue Gas. GT coupled through shaft to generator rotor. Rotation of rotor produces electric energy in accordance with Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction.

POWER GENERATION USING STEAM TURBINE

Flue gas BFP Boiler Steam

DM Water

DM Water free of air &other impurities Deaerator Condensed SteamWater

Steam Turbine Steam of Low Pressure & Temp Condenser Raw Water Cooling Water Cooling Tower Cooled Water

Condensed CEP SteamWater

CP

DM Water : Demineralised water- Used in Steam

turbine. CP : Circulating pump - Used to extract cool water from Cooling tower & feed it to Condenser to condense steam exhausted from steam turbine. CEP : Condensate extraction pump -Used to extract water formed out of condensing steam exhausted by ST & feed it to Deaerator. BFP : Boiler feed pump -Used to extract DM Water from Deaerator & feed it to boiler.

PROCESS OF POWER GENERATION USING STEAM TURBINE

DM Water feeded to boiler. Heat required in boiler extracted from flue gas. Steam at high pressure & temperature feeded to ST. High pressure of steam rotates ST . ST further rotates generator coupled to it leading to power generation. Steam exhausted from ST with lowered pressure & temperature. This steam further condensed in condenser using cooling water.

 Cooling Water gets heated up. This heated raw water cooled in cooling tower. Using CP again feeded to Condenser. Condensed steam gets steam contains air & gases which get dissolved during whole process. Dissolved gases harmful to equipments as can lead to erosion & deposition of slug etc. These removed by deaerator. Again feed to boiler by BFP. Same process repeated leading to closed cycle process.

BOILER : Closed vessel converting water to steam. Heat required extracted from flue gases emitted by GT-1 & GT-2. Steam boilers broadly classified in 2 categories: (1)Water tube Boilers ( 2)Fire tube Boilers

CONDENSER : It condenses steam. Used at exhaust of turbine. It creates very low pressure at exhaust of turbine resulting in condensation of steam. Condensed steam used as feed water to boiler.

COOLING TOWER :
Removes heat from hot water discharged from condenser. Water is sprinkled from top of tower in form of small droplets. Heat is exchanged between water droplets leading to evaporation of some droplets & cooling of others. Motive of this is to cool water so that it can be discharged to canal or be recirculated & reused.

D M WATER PLANT
Raw water from canal

Cl2

Clarifier

Clarified Water

Gravity Sand Filter

Activated Carbon Filter

Clarified Water to condenser & cooling tower Air Blown in

WAC+SAC Filter

Water

CO2 & other gases removed

D M Water

Mixed Bed SAC+SBA

WBA+SBA Filter

 Chlorine is mixed in raw water taken from canal to remove germs. Lime+Alum in clarifier give soft water as output & Poly Aluminum Chloride or Alum alone in clarifier removes turbidity. Gravity Sand Filter & Activated Carbon Filter retain impurities of water. Mixture of weak acid cation & strong acid cation (WAC+SAC) removes +ve ions of minerals in water. Then water in form of small droplets with help of blowing air & then allowed to fall in a chamber that removes CO2 & other gases from water. Mixture of weak base anion & strong base anion(WBA+SBA) absorbs -ve ion. Mixed bed(SBA+SAC) removes remaining +ve & -ve ions.

GENERATOR: Works in accordance with principle of electromagnetic induction. When a conductor is moved in presence of magnetic field an EMF is induced in the conductor. Hence generator consists of a rotor part & a stator part. Rotor part is connected to turbine which rotates it in magnetic field of stator. Hence generator converts rotational energy of turbine in electrical energy.

 We have 3 generators each connected to a turbine. GT-1 generator Output voltage-10.5V,Power Generated-138MW GT-2 generator Output voltage-10.5V,Power Generated-138MW ST generator Output voltage-15.75V,Power Generated-156MW

TRANSFORMER
In NTPC we have following transformers: 1)10.5kV to 220kV(Generator transformers) 2)15.75kV to 220kV(Generator transformer) 3)10.5kV to 6.6kV(Auxiliary transformer) 4)15.75 to 6.6kV(Auxiliary transformer) 5)6.6kV to 415V(for various auxiliaries that run at low voltage)

SWITCHYARD
Feeds power generated to transmission lines. Have 4 transmission lines Palla-1,Palla-2,Samaypur-1,Samaypur-2. 2 Main bus. 1 Transfer bus. Checks correctness of various electric quantities with equipments like CT , CVT etc. Maintains power supplied on various transmission line as per requirement of receiver by Bus Coupler Bay.

Single Line Diagram of 220 kV Switchyard

Palla 1 Palla 2 Samaypur 1 Samaypur 2

220 kV Main Bus 1

220 kV Main Bus 2

M M

M M

220kV circuit breaker 220kV isolator

Wave trap
CVT

CT

GT2

GT1

M M
ST

220 kV Transfer Bus

 Circuit Breaker & isolator used to break & connect the circuit as per requirement. Wave trap used for communication purposes. Current transformer(CT)used to measure current flowing in the circuit . Capacitive Voltage Transformer(CVT) used to measure voltage in circuit. Wave trap contains high pass filter that allows only communication signal to pass through.