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A Computer
Computer: An electronic device that processes data according to a set of stored instructions.
Electronic machine Processes data Programmable (follows stored instructions) Usually multi-purpose (but not all are)
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Hardware
Physical devices you can see and touch Examples:
Screens Keyboards Printers
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Hardware
Physical components
such as memory, network cards, wires
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Software
computer programs, procedures, rules, and possibly associated documentation and data pertaining to the operation of a computer system.
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Software
Software = Computer Instructions
A set of instructions that the computer carries out Usually these are carried out one after another The software is stored in primary memory when it is run
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Software
Computer software can be divided into two categories: system software, which manages the operation of the computer itself; application programs, which solve problems for their users.
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Data
We use computers to process data. Data = facts Data comes in many sorts
text numbers images music
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Data
To a computer, all data is the same 00010100101010111101010101010 - a collection of bits
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Bits
A bit is the smallest unit of data
Bits can easily be represented in a computer by switches or transistors They are either on or off A collection of bits can represent any data
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system
System: a set of connected things that form a whole or work together A system must have an objective. In order to meet its objective a system will produce an output, as a result of carrying out some process on a set of inputs.
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A system
A collection of parts Acting together For some defined purpose A system has a boundary Each system is composed of sub-systems, which are themselves made up of other subsystems
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A System
processing
Input
System
sub system system boundary
Output
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Examples of Systems
Digestive system Banking system Transport system
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Computer Systems
The hardware, software and data needed to solve a real-world problem The components depend on the problem being solved
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Hardware
Hardware is any part of a computer system that you can see and touch.
keyboard RAM router
processor
cables ports
printer
network card hub
sensor
loudspeaker motor
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Hardware
Hardware is often classified into:
Input devices Output devices
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Hardware
But there are other ways of looking at it:
Communications
Storage
Processing
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Hardware
Input device
Output device
Input device
Input device
Processor
Output device
Output device
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Input Devices
Computers can only work with digital data 0 or 1 Much of the world is analogue Most input devices change analogue data into digital data
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