Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Learning outcomes
Identify physical quantities in daily life Classify base quantities and derived quantities Apply international units into base quantities and derived quantities Convert units and use prefixes Conduct scientific methods using measureing instruments
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
70
4.5 m
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Base quantity is like the brick the basic building block of a house
Derived quantity is like the house that was build up from a collection of bricks (basic quantity)
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Now, work with your group to identify physical quantities in everyday life as much as possible, then classify them into base quantities and derived quantities.
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
SI Units International System of Units
Base Quantities
length mass time electric current temperature amount of substance luminous intensity
Name of Unit
metre kilogram second ampere kelvin mole candela
Symbol of Unit
m kg s A K mol cd
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
This Platinum Iridium cylinder is the standard kilogram.
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
Example of derived quantity: area Defining equation: area = length width In terms of units: In terms of units: Units of area = m m = m2 Units of volume = m m m = m2 Defining equation: volume = length width height Defining equation: density = mass volume
In terms of units:
Units of density = kg / m3 = kg m3
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
Work out the derived quantities for:
distance time
Units of speed =
In terms of units:
Units of acceleration =
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.2 SI Units
Work out the derived quantities for: Force Defining equation: Pressure = Area In terms of units: Units of pressure = Defining equation: Work = Force Displacement In terms of units: Units of work =
Work done Defining equation: Power = Time
In terms of units:
Units of power =
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1
Derived Quantity
1.2 SI Units
Unit
area
volume density speed acceleration force
length width
length width height mass volume distance time change in velocity time mass acceleration newton (N)
pressure
work power
THEME ONE:
force area
force distance work time
pascal (Pa)
joule (J) watt (W)
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1. A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured and consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit. 2. The physical quantities can be classified into base quantities and derived quantities. 3. There are seven base quantities: length, mass, time, current, temperature, amount of substance and luminous intensity. 4. The SI units for length, mass and time are metre, kilogram and second respectively. 5. Prefixes are used to denote very big or very small numbers.
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Measuring Mass
Measuring Temperature
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Projects 1
Arrange an essay which deal with physical quantities and its measuring instruments. Upload your works to our science class blog: scienceatwidyawiyata.tumblr.com email: msaussie.scienceclass@yahoo.co.id username (blog): scienceatwidyawiyata password (blog & mail): smpwidyawiyata
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.3 Prefixes
Prefixes simplify the writing of very large or very small quantities
Prefix
nano
micro milli centi
Abbreviation
n
m c
Power
109
106 103 102
deci
kilo mega giga
THEME ONE:
d
k M G
101
103 106 109
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1.3 Prefixes
Alternative writing method Using standard form N 10n where 1 N < 10 and n is an integer
This galaxy is about 2.5 106 light years from the Earth.
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Correct way to read the scale on a ruler Position eye perpendicularly at the mark on the scale to avoids parallax errors Another reason for error: object not align or arranged parallel to the scale
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
Range of measurement
05m 01m 0 15 cm 0 2.5 cm
Accuracy
0.1 cm 0.1 cm 0.01 cm 0.01 mm
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
There are 50 divisions on the thimble One complete turn of the thimble moves the spindle by 0.50 mm
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
2. Clean the ends of the anvil and spindle before making a measurement
Any dirt on either of surfaces could affect the reading
3. Check for zero error by closing the micrometer when there is nothing between the anvil and spindle
The reading should be zero, but it is common to find a small zero error Correct zero error by adjusting the final measurement
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
1. The metre rule and half-metre rule are used to measure lengths accurately to 0.1 cm. 2. Vernier calipers are used to measure lengths to a precision of 0.01 cm. 3. Micrometer are used to measure length to a precision of 0.01 mm. 4. Parallax error is due to: (a) incorrect positioning of the eye (b) object not being at the same level as the marking on the scale
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
5. Zero error is due to instruments that do not read exactly zero when there is nothing being measured. 6. The time for one complete swing of a pendulum is called its period of oscillation. 7. As the length of the pendulum increases, the period of oscillation increases as well.
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT
Chapter
THEME ONE:
MEASUREMENT