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Carton
Bags of coal
Bin
Barrels
These containers are used to group individual products and are referred to as master cartons.
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individual containers is normally packed in master cartons (cases) in quantities of twenty-four units.
The prime packaging objective is to design for
are required, extreme care should be taken to arrive at an assortment of compatible units.
transportation would be a perfect cube having equal length, depth, and width with maximum possible density.
Seldom will such a package exist.
should be evaluated along with manufacturing, marketing, and product design considerations when standardizing master cartons.
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determine the degree of protection required to cope with the anticipated physical environments.
The package design and material should combine to
achieve the desired level of protection without incurring the expense of overprotection.
It is also possible to design a package that has the
correct material content but does not provide the necessary protection.
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Damage Protection
A major function of the master carton is to protect
protection.
The determining factors are the value and fragility of the
product: the higher the value, the greater the economic justification for nearly absolute protection.
If a product is fragile and has high value, then the cost of
Damage Protection
Product fragility can be measured by product/package
cushion to be built into the package to provide protection while in the logistical system.
If packaging requirements and cost are prohibitive,
alternative product designs can be evaluated utilizing the same testing equipment.
The end result is the determination of the exact packaging
Damage Protection
Package damage results from the transportation,
used, the product will move to its destination in a relatively controlled environment.
On the other hand, if common carriers are utilized,
Causes of Damage
During the logistical process, the product can experience
product is in storage.
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Distribution of Computers
The standard distribution practice for computers provides
fragility, a substantial investment in packaging would be required to perform physical distribution using normal carrier service.
Consequently, computers are usually distributed by
Outside Factors
Outside elements such as temperature, humidity, and
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Outside Factors
To illustrate, it is not unusual for a package to be
subjected to
snow and below freezing temperatures during loading, to be exposed to rain at an intermediate transfer point, to arrive at a hot and humid destination.
determining in advance how the contents of the package will react with respect to these various elements.
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Handling Efficiency
Logistical productivity is the ratio of the output of a
logistical activity (time for loading a truck) to the input (labor and forklift time required).
Most logistical productivity studies center around
terms of packages, such as number of cartons loaded per hour into a trailer, number of cartons picked per hour in a warehouse, etc.
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Product Characteristics
Packing products in certain configurations may help
cube utilization.
This can be accomplished by concentrating products
(e.g. orange juice) or eliminating air inside packages by shipping items unassembled.
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Product Characteristics
In most cases dunnage materials (like polystyrene
successfully compete in the United States even though the company ships furniture all the way from Sweden.
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Product Characteristics
Cube minimization is most important for lightweight
products (such as assembled lawn furniture) that "cube out" a transport vehicle far below its weight limit.
On the other hand, heavy products (like liquid in glass
package.
For example, substituting plastic bottles for glass
Unitization
Unitization describes the physical grouping of master
unitization, from taping two master cartons together to the use of specialized transportation equipment.
All types of containerization have the basic objective
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Benefits of Containerization
Reduces damage in handling Reduces pilferage
times repeatedly.
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Communication
The third important logistical packaging function is
identification, tracking, and handling as they become more powerful and necessary to total channel success.
The most obvious communications role is identifying
Communication
Typical information includes manufacturer, product,
type of container (can versus bottle), count, and Universal Product Code (UPC) number.
Visibility is the major consideration and material
handlers should be able to see the label from reasonable distances in all directions.
The only exception is for high-value products, which