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Group 2 Beatrice Justina Teo Cheong Zi Hoong Hong Yin Yin Lee Li Wen
What is Language?
A system of communicating with other people using sounds, and words in expressing meanings, ideas or thoughts. The systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs, or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression (David Crystal)
The communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules (Feldman, 2005)
Around 10 to 13 months:
Begin to say single words such as: milk (holophrase stage)
Early childhood:
Childrens vocabularies increase rapidly
Grammatical morpheme
Question
Negation
Grammatical morpheme
Morphemes that contain only grammatical features.
Present progressive ing
Plural -s
Mommy running
Two books
Articles
Irregular past forms Regular past -ed 3rd person singular simple present -s Auxiliary be
a/an/the
Baby went He walked Jane runs Jane is coming
Grammatical morpheme
The Wug Test (Jean Berko Gleason)
Testing children's knowledge of grammatical morphemes
In this test, children are shown drawings of creatures or people performing actions.
This is a man who know how to RICK. He is Ricking. He did the same thing
Grammatical morpheme
By completing these sentences with 'wugs' and ricked, children show that they know rules for the formation of plural and simple past in English.
Negation
Is acquired by children in language learning to deny, reject, disagree with, or refuse something
Negation
Stage 1:
Negation is expressed by the word no Can be expressed either all alone or as the first word in the utterance Example : No, No cake, No money, No comb hair
Negation
Stage 2:
Utterances grow longer and the sentence Subject may be included. The negative word appears before the verb. The negative element dont is often used . Example: Dont touch that Daddy no comb hair
Negation
Stage 3:
The negative element is positioned after auxiliaries (are, is, etc.) or modals (can, may, etc.) verb follow the correct English pattern. Yet no variations for different persons or tenses Example: I cant do it , He dont want it She was not happy.
Negation
Stage 4:
Children able to attach the negative element to the correct form of auxiliary verbs such as 'do' and 'be Example: He didnt go She doesnt want it. Sometimes double negatives are used Example: I dont have no more cakes.
Questions
There is a predictable order in which the 'whwords' emerge (Bloom 1991). What, 'Where' and 'who, Why, 'how' and 'when
Questions
Stage 1: -using single words or single two- or three-word sentences with rising intonation -Example: Mommy book? Wheres Daddy? Stage 2: -using the word order of the declarative sentence -Example: You like this? Why you catch it?
Questions
Stage 3: -fronting - putting a verb at the beginning of a sentence -Example: Is the teddy is tired? Do I can have a cookie? Stage 4: -subject-auxiliary inversion in yes/no questions -Example: Do you like ice cream? Are you going to play with me??
Questions
Stage 5: -Both wh- and 'yes/no' questions are formed correctly. -Example: Why can he go out? Why did you do that? Stage 6: -Children are able to correctly form all question types
Advances in Pragmatics
Advances in Pragmatics
Young children begin to engage in extended discourse. (Akhtar & Herold,2008). -Example: They learn culturally specific rules of conversation and politeness, and increasingly adapt their speech in different settings. Able to talk about things that are not here (Grandmas house) and not now (what happened to them yesterday or might happen tomorrow).
Advances in Pragmatics
Develop a remarkable sensitivity to the needs of others in conversation. -Example: Use of the articles the, an, a. - When adults tell a story to describe an event, they use an or a when they first refer to animal or an object and then use the when referring to it later. (Two boys were walking through the jungle when a fierce lion appeared. The lion lunged at one boy while the other ran for cover.)
Advances in Pragmatics
Learn to change speech style to suit the situation. -Example: Even 4-year-old children speak differently to a 2-year-old than to a same-aged peer.
Home Study
Listening
Pronunciation
Reading
Listening
When playing adventure games, children can pause the game frequently to jot down any new words.
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/19132/5/Chapter %20I.pdf Language And Society By Humphrey Tonkin http://www.globaled.org/issues/178F.pdf Cognitive Development http://peoplelearn.homestead.com/BEduc/Chapter_2.pdf First and Second Language Acquisition http://fulbright.state.gov/uploads/e3/34/e33490e8249c453e1fc8a6 878e23f6fe/First-and-Second-Language-Acquisition.pdf Early Morphological Childhood Development | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5294964_early-morphologicalchildhood-development.html#ixzz1yXauNehi http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0008718/Files/93898_Chapter%201s mall.pdf http://www.american.edu/cas/tesol/pdf/upload/WP-2002-AhmadDevelopmental-Sequence.pdf