Geohazard Tutorial GeoDDO

Geohazards Tutorial
Geohazards : objectives of this seminar
Clarification of what comprises or does not comprise a geohazard Introduction to a wide range of common and not-socommon geohazards Correlation of geohazards with specific geological environments Evaluation of geohazard-related risks for subsea installations How to mitigate geohazard-related risk
GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering
31 July 2012 slide 2
Geohazards : what is a geohazard?

Geohazards comprise naturally occurring seabed features or sub-surface conditions that may pose a risk to the installation or operational life of subsea structures and pipelines.
The identification of potential geohazards should be one of the primary goals of any site or pipeline route survey.
Most geohazards are initially identified from geophysical data.
When is a Hazard not a Geohazard?
Hazards that are not Geohazards
http://tv-antenna.com/heavy-seas
Geohazard Evaluation : Assess the quality of the available information and identify the environment
What type and quality of data are available?

What type of geological environment?
Geohazard Evaluation : Assess the quality

Are the data site specific? Are the geophysical interpretations confirmed by geotechnical data? Are the different data sets consistent with each other? Is the equipment used fit for purpose? Have the data been processed and presented in a sensible manner?
Geohazards : Identify the environment

areas of current and wave action polar latitudes tropical latitudes glaciated terrains
Individual geohazards may be associated with more than one type of environment
areas affected by sea level changes zones of gas escape ultra deep water near shore areas zones of structural weakness
Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action
ripples
megaripples sand waves
often connected with nearshore environments, but exceptions to the rule exist
flutes
scour lag deposits
slope failures
steep gradients

Ripples < 0.1 m in height (AGI) Can ripples really be considered a geohazard???

Megaripples Height between trough and crest from 0.1 m to 1.0 m, wavelengths greater than 1 m (AGI) These are the ones to watch...

Sand Waves:
> 1 m amplitudes
Sand Waves

Comparison of DTM imagery Bathymetry (m) KP 7.650 KP 7.650
KP 8.300
KP 8.300
ITT DTM
Rock dumper DTM

Comparison of DTM imagery : Slope angles (in degrees) KP 7.650 KP 7.650
q
KP 8.300 KP 8.300
ITT DTM
Rockdumper DTM

Comparison of survey data :

Flutes and Megaflutes
Scour
Lag Deposits
Geohazards Associated with High Latitudes
iceberg impacts
iceberg scarring ice pits sea ice scour gas hydrates
Iceberg impact
Iceberg Scours
Ice pits
Sea Ice Scour

Gas Hydrates
Geohazards Associated with Low Latitudes
coral reefs
carbonate sediments
Coral Reefs

Carbonate Sediments
a soil (or rock) which

requires geotechnical testing for identification
Geohazards Associated with Glaciated Terrains

iceberg scars ice pits dropstones seabed boulders buried Boulders steep gradients bedrock highs rough seabed extremely hard soils (overconsolidation)
very soft clays and loose sands (meltwater deposits)

Glacial Topography
scars pits kettles drumlins eskers end moraines rock glaciers
Dropstones
Seabed Boulders
Rough Seabeds
Buried Boulders
Steep Gradients

Bedrock Highs
Unstable Slopes
Geohazards: Features Generated during Changes in Sea Level

hardpan
peat gyttja
shallow gas
submerged terraces lag deposits

Hardpan
a soil, which requires geotechnical testing for identification

Peat deposits

Gyttja

Submerged Terraces
Geohazards: Gas Features
pockmarks
cemented ground cold water corals
shallow gas
mud volcanoes gas hydrates

Pockmarks
Cemented Ground
Geohazards: Gas Features : Cold Water Corals
Geohazards: Gas Features Shallow Gas
Geohazards: Gas Features:
Mud Volcanoes
Mud Volcanoes
Mud Volcanoes
Geohazards: Gas Features: Gas Hydrates
Geohazards associalted with ultra-deep water

soft clay gas hydrates slope failure gas release features shallow faulting deep water corals
Geohazards associalted with ultra-deep water

Soft Clay
A soil, which requires identification (or confirmation) by geotechnical testing
Soft Clay
foundations
Soft Clay
backfill
(not strictly a geohazard, but a soils issue)
Geohazards associalted with ultra-deep water Shallow faulting
Geohazards in zones of major crustal weakness

earthquakes steep gradients
liquefaction
catastrophic slope failure rapid gas release
volcanism
tsunamis
Geohazards in zones of major crustal weakness Earthquakes
destroy stuff

Liquefaction
Volcanism

Tsunamis

Geohazard Tutorial GeoDDO

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Geohazards Tutorial

Geohazards : objectives of this seminar

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 2

Geohazards : what is a geohazard?

Most geohazards are initially identified from geophysical data.

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 3

When is a Hazard not a Geohazard?

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 4

Hazards that are not Geohazards

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 5

Hazards that are not Geohazards

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 6

Hazards that are not Geohazards

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 7

Hazards that are not Geohazards

31 July 2012 slide 8

Hazards that are not Geohazards

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 9

What type and quality of data are available?

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 10

Geohazard Evaluation : Assess the quality

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 11

Geohazards : Identify the environment

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 12

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 13

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 14

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 15

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 16

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 17

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 18

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

Rock dumper DTM

31 July 2012 slide 19

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

31 July 2012 slide 20

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 21

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering

31 July 2012 slide 22

Geohazards Generated by Current or Wave Action

GeoDDO- Geological Analysis for Offshore Engineering