PLANER MACHINE

Planers and shapers were used generally for two types of work: generating accurate flat surfaces and cutting slots

Classification Of Planer
Planers are generally divided into 5 types:
1. Double Housing Planer
2. Open Side Planer 3. Edge Type Planer

4. Divide Table Planer

5. Pit Type Planer

DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
BED

The bed of a planer is a box like casting having cross ribs. It is very heavy in weight and supports the column and all other moving parts of the machine. It is provided with precision ways over the entire length.

TABLE
It supports the work and reciprocates along the ways of the bed. T-slots are provided along the entire length of the table so that the work and the holding devices maybe bolted upon it. Accurate holes are drilled on the top surfaces of the planer table at regular intervals for supporting the poppets and stop pins.

HOUSING
The housings also called columns or uprights are rigid box like vertical structures placed on each side of the bed and are fastened to the sides of the bed. They are heavily ribbed to trace up severe forces due to cutting. The front face of each housing is accurately machined to provide precision ways on which the crossrail maybe made to slide up and down for accommodating different heights of the work. Two side tool heads also slide upon it.

CROSSRAIL Crossrail is rigid box like casting connecting the two housings. The crossrail maybe raised or lowered in the face of the housing and can be clamped at any desired position. The front face of the crossrail is accurately machined to provide a guide surface for the tool head saddle. The crossrail has screw for vertical and cross feed of the tool head and a screw for elevating the rail.

TOOL HEAD
Tool head of a planer is similar to that of a shaper both in construction and operation. The important parts of a tool head are :1. Saddle 7. Tool post 2. Swivel base 8. Down feed screw 3. Vertical slide 9. Apron clamping bolt 4. Apron 10.Apron swivelling pin 5. Clapper box 6. Clapper block

Open Side Planer

Open side planer consists of only one vertical

column or housing on which the cross rail is mounted. The column and the cross rail carry single and double tool heads respectively. This type of machine permits machining of wide work pieces.

Pit Type Planer

Construction and Working of Pit Type of Planer A pit type planer differs from other planer in the sense that, the table and the work piece resting on it remain stationary and the tool reciprocates across the work surface. Pit type planer is preferred for very large work, where the weight of the work piece and the tool required table would make reciprocating movement difficult.

 The job is either mounted on a stationary

table, or on the floor inside a pit, and hence the name pit type planer. Once or two tool heads are mounted on the cross rail and two side tool posts the housings, if required. The entire unit travels along the horizontal ways and fro and, thus the tool moves past the work surface during operation.

Deference between Shaper and Planer Machine

Shaper
1. It is comparatively 2. 3.

Planer
1. It is comparatively 2. 3.

4.
5.

light machine. Less space required. It is use for small size and light work piece. Generally single tool is used. Less time is required to setting the job.

4.

5.

heavy machine. Large space required. It is used for large size and heavy work piece. More than one tool can used simultaneously. More time is required to setting

6. Shaper consume 15-20 HP. 7.Stroke length is small. 8. Machine cost is less

6. Palner consume 120 HP. 7. Stroke length is high 8. Machine cost is high.