Professional Documents
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Information Requirement
To determine how often consumer purchases pizza from Papa Johns.
A researchers ability to design a good scale is, by itself not enough to guarantee that the appropriate data will automatically be collected.
many researchers do not understand the theory that underlies questionnaire development
Process itself should be a scientific one that integrates established rules of logic, objectivity, and systematic procedures Words go into questions and that questions go into questionnaires, but not everyone understands that writing questions does not give you a questionnaire Administrative process Response Strategy
A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for obtaining information from respondents. It must translate the information needed into a set of specific questions that the respondents can and will answer. A questionnaire must uplift, motivate, and encourage the respondent to become involved in the interview, to cooperate, and to complete the interview. A questionnaire should minimize response error.
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Advantages of questionnaires
Can reach a large number of people relatively easily and economically
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Disadvantages of questionnaires
Provides only limited insight into problem
Limited response allowed by questions Maybe not the right questions are asked
Varying response
Misunderstanding/misinterpretation
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Clear specification
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Questionnaire relevancy
No unnecessary information is collected and only information needed to solve the problem is obtained. Be specific about your data needs; tie each question to an objective
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Understanding of the questions Appropriateness of primary scale descriptors Balanced versus unbalanced scales Forced or free choice scales
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Question Content
Should this question be asked?
Is the question of proper scope and coverage? Can the participant adequately answer this question as asked?
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Structured questionsclosed-ended formatted questions, where the respondent provides a response from a predetermined set of possible responses.
Popular format in most self-administered types of questionnaires Provides the researcher greater opportunities to control the thinking that respondents do in order to answer a question
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Question Phrasing
Need to decide how what is to be asked should be phrased Alternative question formats are shown below
Question type
Closed ended
Determinant choice
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Check-list
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Determinant choice Multiple choice question in which respondent must select only one of the response alternatives Checklist question - Multiple choice question in which respondent can select more than one of the response alternatives
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Sometimes, several questions are needed to obtain the required information in an unambiguous manner. Consider the question,
Do you think Coca-Cola is a tasty and refreshing soft drink? (Incorrect)
Such a question is called a double-barreled question, because two or more questions are combined into one. To obtain the required information, two distinct questions should be asked:
Do you think Coca-Cola is a tasty soft drink? and Do you think Coca-Cola is a refreshing soft drink? (Correct)
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(Incorrect)
How often do you consume soft drinks in a typical week? (Correct) 1. ___ Less than once a week 2. ___ 1 to 3 times per week 3. ___ 4 to 6 times per week 4. ___ 7 or more times per week
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Sensitive Information
Respondents are unwilling to disclose, at least accurately, sensitive information because this may cause embarrassment or threaten the respondent's prestige or self-image.
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In a typical month, how often do you shop in department stores? _____ Never _____ Occasionally _____ Sometimes _____ Often _____ Regularly
In a typical month, how often do you shop in department stores? _____ Less than once _____ 1 or 2 times _____ 3 or 4 times _____ More than 4 times (Correct)
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Leading questions
Leading question: a question that suggests or implies a certain answer.
Causes:
The bandwagon effect e.g. Most Saudis have stopped eating junk food. Do you eat junk food? Partially mentioning some alternatives e.g. which fast food restaurant do you prefer, Al-Tazaj or others? Questions with the phrase: Dont you think that ..
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exhaustive
1. Mutually Exclusive Response categories must be such that the same respondent cannot be classified into more than one category; e.g. the categories SR1,000-5,000 and SR5,000-10,000 are not mutually exclusive. 2. Mutually Exhaustive Response categories should include all possible response options. Sometimes this is achieved by including a response option like Other (Please specify).
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Question Sequence
Two related issues: 1. Order of questions in questionnaire. 2. Order of answer alternatives for specific questions. Both can lead to order bias.
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Sequencing of Questions
The Funnel Approach From general to specific questions From easy to difficult questions
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Flowerpot Approach
Specific frameworkfor integrating sets of question/scale measurements into a logical, smooth-flowing questionnaire
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Questioning the layoutin good questionnaire design, the directional flow of data will be from general to more specific information Why? A survey that begins with general information questions promotes the development of the necessary comfort zone between the two parties. When respondents feel comfortable, the question/answer exchange process goes smoothly and respondents are more thoughtful and honest with their responses. of Management 2012 Goa Institute
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Questionnaire length
Visual appearance
Q1. Are you (please tick) A home owner A tenant Living with parents Other (please specify): Q1. Are you (please tick) A home owner A tenant Living with parents Other (please specify) of Management Goa Institute
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List and discuss the 11 steps in the questionnaire development process, and tell how to eliminate come common mistakes in questionnaire design
List and discuss the 11 steps in the questionnaire development process, and tell how to eliminate come common mistakes in questionnaire design
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List and discuss the 11 steps in the questionnaire development process, and tell how to eliminate come common mistakes in questionnaire design
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List and discuss the 11 steps in the questionnaire development process, and tell how to eliminate come common mistakes in questionnaire design
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Questionnaire Pre-testing
Pretesting Process
Seeks to determine whether respondents have any difficulty understanding the questionnaire and whether there are any ambiguous or biased questions.
Preliminary Tabulation
A tabulation of the results of a pretest to help determine whether the questionnaire will meet the objectives of the research.
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One of the most important aspects of designing a questionnaire is improving your Response Rate, which requires providing the respondent with the motivation to complete the questionnaire. So consider:
1. Increasing perceived rewards 2. Decreasing perceived costs 3. Establishing trust
Show positive regard Say thank you Ask them for advice Give a tangible reward Make the questionnaire interesting State an upcoming deadline
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