Linear Programming (Graphical Method)

A company owns a small paint factory that produces both interior and exterior house paints for wholesale distribution. Two basic raw materials, A, and B, are used to manufacture the paints. The maximum availability of material A is 6 tons a day; that of B is 8 tons a day. The daily requirement of the raw materials per ton of interior and exterior paints are summarized as under:

Tons of Raw Material per Ton of Paints Exterior Interior

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Maximum Availability (Tons)

A market survey has established that the daily demand for interior paint can not exceed that of exterior paint by more than 1 Ton. Also the maximum demand for interior paint is limited to 2 tons daily

The wholesale price per Ton is Rs. 210000 for exterior paints and Rs. 140000 for interior paints. How much interior and exterior paints should the company produce daily to maximize gross income?

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Construction of mathematical model

The construction of model can be initiated by answering the following three questions. 1.
2.

3.

What are the variables (unknown) of the problem? What constraints be imposed on the variables to satisfy the limitations. What is the objective that needs to be achieved to determine the optimum solution, among all feasible values of the variables

Answer to above questions is verbal summary of the problem: The company seeks to determine the amounts (in tons) of interior and exterior paints to be produced to maximize (increase as much as feasible) the total gross income (in rupees) 8/2/12 while satisfying the constraints of demand and raw materials

1.

Variables xE = tons produced daily for exterior paints xI = tons produced daily for interior paints

2.

Objective function Let z represents the total gross income(in thousands of Rs.) z = 210(xE )+ 140(xI )

1
3.

Constraints 2 xE + 2 xI 6 (raw material A)

3 4 5

2xE + xI 8 (raw material B) - xE + xI 1

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(excess of interior over exterior paints)

Plot the feasibility solution space that satisfy all the constraints. First replace () by (=) for each constraint, thus yielding a straight line equation . Each straight line is then plotted on the (xE , and xI ) plane. The region in which each constraint holds when the inequality is activated is indicated by the direction of the arrow on the associated straight line.

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xI
8

2 3

1 4

0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

xE

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z = 210(xE )+ 140(xI )

B
z- e lin

C D

A O
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For different values of decission variables, the values obtained for Z are given in following table. Z = 210 xE + 140 xI = 0,
Corner Origin A B C D E xE 0 0 1 2 3.33 4 xI 0 1 2 2 1.33 0 Z (thousand) 0 140 490 700 885.5 840

The solution thus says that the daily production should 8/2/12 be 3.33 tons of exterior paints and 1.33 tons of

There are two types of the variables.

1.

Slack Variable It represents unused amount of resource. For Constraints with the (), the right hand side represents the limit on the availability of resource, whereas the left hand side represents the usage of this limited resource by different activities. Surplus Variable For Constraints with the (), normally set the minimum specification

2.

In above developed model the first two constraints 8/2/12