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What is an Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)? Motivation for ABS Development History of ABS Overview Principles for ABS Operation ABS Components overview ABS Components How does ABS work? System Diagram ABS Configurations Differences between ABS and Rear Anti-lock Brakes. Video on Without ABS Car and With ABS Car (Difference) Limitations Summary Query Session
1. WHAT IS ABS?
An anti-lock brake system is a feedback control system that modulates brake pressure in response to measured wheel deceleration, preventing the controlled wheels from becoming fully locked.
Under hard braking, an ideal braking system should: provide the shortest stopping distances on all surfaces maintain vehicle stability and steerability
3. HISTORY OF ABS
1936: German company Bosch is awarded a patent for an Apparatus for preventing lock-braking of wheels in a motor vehicle. 1972: WABCO partners with Mercedes-Benz developing first ABS for trucks. 1978: First production-line installation of ABS into Mercedes and BMW vehicles. 1981: 100,000 Bosch ABS installed. 1985: First ABS installed on US vehicles. 1986: 1M Bosch ABS installed. 1992: 10M Bosch ABS installed. 1999: 50M Bosch ABS installed. 2000: 6 out of 10 new cars on the road are ABS equipped. 2003: 100M Bosch ABS installed.
4. OVERVIEW
Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) are designed to maintain driver control and stability of the car during emergency braking. Locked wheels will slow a car down but will not provide steering ability. ABS allows maximum braking to be applied while retaining the ability to 'steer out of trouble . The operation of ABS can slightly reduce stopping distance in some cases like on wet road surfaces, but it can increase the stopping distance in others, as may be the case in deep snow or gravel. An ABS system monitors four wheel speed sensors to evaluate wheel slippage. Slip can be determined by calculating the ratio of wheel speed to vehicle speed, which is continuously calculated from the four individual wheel speeds. During a braking event, the function of the control system is to maintain maximum possible wheel grip on the road - without the wheel locking - by adjusting the hydraulic fluid pressure to each brake by way of electronically controlled solenoid valves. For passenger car applications, the majority of ABS components are often housed together in a single, under-hood mounted module.
Brake Master Cylinder, Hydraulic Modulator Unit with Pump and Valves Vehicles Physical Brakes
ABS COMPONENTS
The valves modulate the brake pressure up to 20 times per second, effectively realizing the ideal tire slip percentage. ABS pumps the brakes much faster than any driver could.
With ABS, all you have to do in an emergency is quickly squeeze the brake pedal as hard as you can and hold it there. And when I say hard, I mean HARD. Let the system do the finesse work for you. This may not be as easy as it sounds. After years of being told (and practising) not to press too hard on the brake pedal, this may not feel very natural.
8. SYSTEM DIAGRAM
9. ABS CONFIGURATIONS
Finally, there is a great difference between ABS and Rear Anti-lock Brakes. ABS is on all four wheels. Rear Anti-lock Brakes, as the name suggests, are only on the rear wheels. This system is often used on pick-up trucks and vans, and is a less-expensive compromise. It is used because the weight load on the rear of a truck or van can vary so much. The brakes needed to handle a heavily loaded vehicle are too effective for when it is lightly loaded. Therefore, the rear brakes are much more susceptible to locking-up.
11. VIDEO ON WITHOUT ABS CAR AND WITH ABS CAR (DIFFERENCE
12. LIMITATIONS
Three points should be obvious, but don't appear to when looking at the type of crashes some drivers Have with ABS-equipped vehicles. Contrary to popular belief, ABS : does not allow you to drive faster; does not allow you to brake later; and does not allow you to corner faster.
13. SUMMARY
An ABS typically consists of: Up to 4 wheel speed sensors An ABS ECU A Brake Master Cylinder, with accompanying Hydraulic Modulator Unit and Solenoid Valves The vehicles physical brakes An ABS is designed to modulate braking pressure to attain the peak coefficient of kinetic friction between the tire and the road, and to avoid total wheel lockup. An ABS, under hard braking conditions, is designed to reduce stopping distances under most conditions, while maintaining vehicle stability and steerability.
QUESTIONS ?
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