DEFINATION BASIS OF AN EXPLOSION

Flammable substance
Oxygen(air) Source of ignition

 PRIMARY EXLOSION PROTECTION

Restriction of release of the flammable

substances by, Limiting their concentration Using enclosures filled with an inert substance. Natural or artificial ventilation Concentration monitoring by means of a gas detection system, which will give an alarm/or switch off the system.

 FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES Flammable Gases Flammable Liquids

Flammable Solids

 Ignition of an explosive atmosphere can be caused by

various sources. Hot surfaces Flames and hot gases Mechanically generated sparks Electrical installations Equalizing currents , cathode corrosion protection Static electricity Lightning

 Electromagnetic waves

Optical radiation
Ionizing Radiation Ultrasonics

Adiabatic compression and shock waves

Exothermal reactions

 For Electrical Apparatus EN50014 AND IEC 60079-0

 FLAMEPROOF ENCLOSURES(Ex d) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATION

Switchgear, slip rings, collectors, adjustable resistors,

fuses or lamps, heating cartridges,friction brakes

 POWDER FILLING(Ex q) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS Capacitors, electronic assembly groups or transformers . Components where sparks or hot surfaces occur but whose

functioning is not affected by the finely grained filling.

 PRESSURIZED ENCLOSURES(Ex p) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS Equipment where during normal operation sparks, electric

arcs or hot surfaces are generated. Large machines, slip ring or collector motors, switch cabinets and control cabinets and analytical apparatus.

 OIL/ LIQUID IMMERSION(Ex o) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS Large transformers, switchgear, starting resistors and

complete starting controllers. Gear

 ENCAPSULATION(Ex m) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS Static coils in ballasts, solenoid valves or motors, relays

and other control gear of limited power and complete PCBs with electronic circuits.

 INCREASED SAFTEY(Ex e) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS

Junction boxes, connection cabinets for heating systems,

batteries , transformers, ballasts and cage motors.

 INTRINSICALLY SAFE(Ex i) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN

PARAMETERS
APPLICATIONS Measuring and monitoring. Sensors Actuators

 NON SPARKING(Ex n) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN PARAMETERS APPLICATIONS Installation material such as junction boxes, connection

cabinets, rotating electrical machines, special fuses, lamps, cells and batteries, transformers and low energy equipment.

 RESTRICTED BREATHING(Ex nR) PRINCIPLE IMPORTANT DESIGN PARAMETERS APPLICATIONS Switchgear, measuring and monitoring instrumentation

and information systems and equipment . Complex machinery, Large machines

Q1)Explain the classification of Electric Motors according to environment and cooling methods. Drip proof motors Splash proof motors Totally enclosed Totally enclosed non ventilated motors Totally enclosed ,fan cooled motors Totally enclosed , air over Totally enclosed , Blower cool Explosion proof motors

Q2)Distinguish among the following terms.

Ignition temperature

Flash point
Explosive limits