A Practical Training Seminar on Switchyard

from

NTPC Kahalgaon
Presented By:Sunny Kr-I VII Sem Electrical

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.

NTPC Kahalgaon
Contents

(24,verdana,justified)

3X500MW (Stage-II)

Made By BHEL

CORPORATE VISION
A world class integrated power major, powering India's growth with increasing global presence.

Vision
A world class integrated power major, powering India's growth with increasing global presence

About NTPC
All stations of NTPC are ISO 14001 certified NTPC is the second largest owner of trees in the country after the Forest department NTPC was set up in 1975 with 100% ownership by the Government of India. In the last 30 years, NTPC has grown into the largest power utility in India In 1997, Government of India granted NTPC status of Navratna being one of the nine jewels of India, enhancing the powers to the Board of Directors

About NTPC
NTPC has also set up a plan to achieve a target of 50,000MW generation capacity NTPC has embarked on plans to become a 132 GW company by 2032 NTPC is the largest power utility in India, accounting for about 20% Of Indias installed capacity. The name of the Company "National Thermal Power Corporation Limited" has been changed to"NTPC Limited" with effect from October 28, 2005.

KhSTPP At a Glance
Project name: Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Project (KhSTPP) No of units X Capacity : 4X210 MW (Stage-I) 3X500 MW (Stage-II) Total Capacity: 2340MW

Project setting up by : National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.(NTPC)

Switchyard
Contents
400 & 132KV Switchyard Current Transformer Capacitive Voltage Transformer Circuit Breaker Isolator Line Trap & Wave Trap Bus Reactor Bus Post Insulator Inter Connecting Transformer

Switchyard

Switchyard
Plays a very important role as a junction between the generation and transmission which carries the generated power to its destination It is a yard or an open area in which different kinds of instruments are located Plays very vital role in the Power Plant. It may be describe as the heart of the plant. Responsible for connecting and disconnectiong the transmission lines as per requirement

Switchyard
The power generated by Turbo generators of units 1 to 4 is 15.75 KV and units 5 to 7 is 21 KV Which is stepped up to 400 KV by the Generating Transformer and then transmitted to switchyard. In KhSTPP there are two switchyard sections: 400 KV 132 KV Switchyard is of conventional air insulated type

Topic Name
Contents
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Slide no.1

400 & 132KV Switchyard At Glance

Power transmission is done at a higher voltage Which
reduces transmission losses facilitiate higher utilisation of generation capacity

400 & 132KV Switchyard At Glance

There are total 43 bays in 400KV Switchyard. A Bay is basically a way for the incoming power from generator as well as outgoing power for distribution.
There are 2 Main buses in 400 KV switchyard Main Bus 1 & 2.

Current Transformer
C.T. is used for two major functions: Metering which means current measurement Protection such as over current protection, Overload,Earth fault protection ,Bus bar protection, Bus differential protection C.T. is designed in such a way so that its core material would give high accuracy with low saturation factor . Core material is made up of CRGO silicon steel

Current Transformer

Capacitive Voltage Transformer

Steps down higher voltage to a lower value that can be measured using the measuring instrument Connected between phase and ground in parallel to the circuit. It blocks power frequency of 50 Hz & allows flow of carrier frequency for communication Simultaneously the CVTs are used as coupling capacitors for Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC).

Capacitive Voltage Transformer

The device has 4 terminals High voltage terminal Ground terminal 2 secondary terminals which connect to instrumentation or protective relay CVT secondary voltage, v=k*V*C1/(C1+C2) V= primary voltage k= secondary transformation ratio

Capacitive Voltage Transformer

Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is a switching i.e. current interrupting or making device Makes or breaks a circuit either manually or by remote control under normal conditions Breaks a circuit automatically under fault conditions Makes a circuit either manually or by remote control under fault conditions

Circuit Breaker
Operating mechanism
A circuit breaker essentially consists of fixed and moving contacts which remain closed under the normal operating conditions During fault, the trip coils of the circuit breaker get energized and the moving contacts are pulled apart by some mechanism, thus opening the circuit. An arc is struck between them. The current is thus able to continue until the discharge ceases.

Circuit Breaker
Double Breaker Scheme

Tripping Circuit

Circuit Breaker
Types:
SF6 Circuit Breaker Air Blast CircuitBreaker Vacuum Circuit Breaker Oil Circuit Breaker

SF6 CB at KhSTPP

Advantages of SF6 CB
Inert gas with high dielectric strength. Colorless and odourless. Non-toxic and non- inflammable. It has low maintenance cost, light foundation requirements and minimum auxilliary equipments. Gas pressure in the chamber is at 7.5 bar There are no carbon deposits so that tracking and insulation problems are eliminated. The decomposition products of arcing are not explosive hence no chance of fire.

Isolator
Isolator is a manual switch used for disconnecting the network sections on no load.
Always used in OFF-LOAD condition It provides: Physical Separation of live contacts & Maintain high di-electric strength across open contacts.

Isolator at KhSTPP

Line trap
Trap higher carrier frequency of 20 hz to 20 khz and above and allow the flow of power frequency (50 Hz). High frequencies also get generated due to high capacitance to earth in long transmission lines. Offers high impedance to carrier frequency where as very low impedance to power frequency.

Line trap
Line trap is a parallel LC circuit

Line Trap= High Impedance for PLC signal Low Impedance for Power energy

Wave Trap
To prevent high frequency signals from entering other zones. Wave Trap is used for protection of the transmission line and communication between substations. Sends inter-trip signal to the other end CB so that the fault can be isolated at the earliest time.

Lightning Arrestor
A station lightning arrestor is of single-phase design, suitable for outdoor service. It is designed to limit surge voltages to a safe value by discharging the surge current to ground.

Bus Reactor
Purpose :
Whenever there is increase in system voltage due to capacitance formation, it injects inductive power to the system & neutralizes it Also limits fault current

Bus Post Insulator

These provide necessary insulation between line conductors and supports and thus prevent leakage of current from conductors to earth.

Inter Connecting Transformer

The function of the inter-connecting transformer is as the name suggests - to interconnect two systems at different voltages. Normally, they will be either 400kV/132kV or 220kV/110kV, of say about 100 MVA rating. They are bi-directional. During the plant startup, they "import" power from the grid either at 400kV or 220kV and step down to 132kV or 110kV to supply the station auxiliaries. Once the plant is started and synchronized to the grid, the same transformer can now be used to "export" power to the grid.

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Slide no.1

Thank You