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Population Geography the changing nature, rate and distribution of the worlds population spatial patterns of fertility and mortality types, volumes and directions of population movements such as rural-urban migration, labour migration and refugee migration issues arising from the changing size and distribution of population including environmental, economic and social impacts.
Rate of change
Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase, and you calculate the natural increase by subtracting the death rate per 1000 population from the birth rate per 1000 population: natural increase = birth rate - death rate.
The table shows comparative birth rates, death rates and population-growth rates in some LEDC and MEDC countries:
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Death rate
Time
Shanghai Shanghai is growing at an extraordinary rate. Officially the population has been growing at 29.4 people per hour. But its not through birth that the population is growing, its migration. China is experiencing massive urbanisation - the process of people moving to cities.
Birth rates in MEDCs are falling as women choose to have smaller families later in life. Contraception is easily available and well understood. This helps women to plan their families and to have a career too
An ageing population:
As people live longer the structure of a population changes. Many MEDCs are now experiencing a significant increase in the numbers of elderly people as a proportion of the population as whole. As birth rates fall and people have smaller families, the number of young dependants is falling and the number of elderly dependants is rising.
An ageing population:
In the near future this will mean that there are fewer people of working age to support the elderly population. To try to balance out an ageing population, some countries adopt a pro-natalist policy that is, they encourage people to have more children by offering them benefits, such as better access to childcare and better conditions for maternity leave.