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Prokaryotic Cells Cell Membrane Cell Wall Eukaryotic Cells animal plant
Nucleus
Chromosomes Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton
A Comparison of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells Yes Yes animal Yes No Cell Membrane Cell Wall
Nucleus
Chromosomes Ribosomes
No
Yes (one circular strand) Yes (small)
Yes
Yes (many) Yes (large)
yes
Yes (many) yes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton
no
no no no no no no
Yes
Yes Yes Yes (small or none) Yes No yes
yes
yes no yes yes yes yes
Ribosomes are smaller than the ribosomes in eukaryotes Unable to take in materials unless they are soluble
Chemical Composition
Prokaryotic cells do not have the complex lipids (sphingolipids, cerebrosides) found in eukaryotes Prokaryotic cell walls contain muramic acid while eukaryotic cell walls do not Eukaryotic membranes routinely contain cholesterol (and sterol) while no prokaryotic organisms can synthesize cholesterol.
Cellular Evolution
Current evidence indicates that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes between 1 and 1.5 billion years ago Two theories: 1. Infolding theory 2. Endosymbiotic theory
Infolding Theory
The infolding of the prokaryotic plasma membrane gave rise to eukaryotic organelles.
infolding
organelle
Endosymbiosis refers to one species living within another(the host) Movement of smaller photosynthetic & heterotrophic prokaryotes into larger prokaryotic host cells Formed cell organelles
chloroplast
Endosymbiotic Theory
mitochondria
Endosymbiotic Theory