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INDEX
I. General of Valves
1. History of Valves 2. Basic of Valve 3. Material of Valves II. Selection of Valve III. Basic Design of Hy-Lok Valves IV. The Features & Benefits of Hy-Lok Valves
2. Basic of Valves
2.1 Four Functions of Valves
1) 2) 3) 4) Shut-Off Flow Control Direction Control Overpressure Protection
Globe Valve
*Throttling, high pressure valve
* * * * * Minimize the loss of seat and disc Less operating time rather than Gate valves It is comfortable to change the disc & seat Flow path: S pattern Pressure loss: great
Note: Use for flow control, provided that the pressure loss is not great concern.
Gate Valve
*
No use for throttling (disc vibration, seat wear) * Small length between the face to face. * Big size, but small weight * High space is needed because of valve lift. * Flow path: straight pattern * Pressure loss: small
Ball Valve
* No use for throttling (turbulent, vibration, noise, water hammer) * Limit use for high pressure & temperature * Multi Port (L port: Diverting, T Port: Diverting & Mixing) * Quick operation (Quarter Turn) * Automatic valve is available (actuator) * Flow path: straight pattern * Pressure loss: small Note: Use for on-off, not for flow control
Butterfly Valve
*
Use for Throttling * Limit for high pressure and temperature * Flow path: straight pattern * Pressure loss: small
Note: Use the flow control valve because of the good flow capacity
Check Valve
* If the system pressure is constant, open the valve. * If the system pressure is reduced, close the valve Note: Use for safety valve that prevents the return of flow
Relief Valve
*
If the system pressure is constant, close the valve. * If the system pressure is reduced, open the valve Note: Use for safety valve that prevents the overpressure of system.
Actuation Part consist of Stem, Gland, Handle and Actuator As the actuation part for Trim operation, Stem make the disc move perpendicularly or rationally Actuation Method: Manual or Automatic
Stem Seal
Bonnet Body
Trim
Pressure Retaining Part Another name: Shell, consist of Body and Bonnet Shell stands against the load from the internal pressure and external force.
Control Part Another name: Trim, consist of Disc, Ball and Seat Act valve function, as directly contacting with fluid (corrosionproof, wear-proof) Shut-off and control of flow by perpendicular or rotational movement of disc (ball)
Ball Valve
(Actuation Part)
Stem Seal Trim
(Control Part)
- Stem Seal Stem seal is the part component that maintains the airtight between the bonnet and stem. The stem sealing leakage is the critical factor that reduces the reliability of the valve. Two methods of stem sealing are packing sealing and packless sealing
- Flanged Type Most piping valves are flanged type and widely used because of easy maintenance. Normally it is FF (Flat Face), RF (Raised Face), RTJ (Ring Type Joint). There are various flange specifications in accordance with ASME/ANSI * FF (Flat Face) Flange It is widely used for the cast iron valves, below ASME/ANSI Class 150. Because the casting RF flange has a tendency to brittle. * RF (Raised Face) Flange It is widely used for the cast steel valves, above ASME/ANSI Class 150.
* RTJ (Ring Type Joint) Flange It is widely used for the high pressure and high temperature service, above ASME/ANSI Class 300.
3. Material of Valves
Materials of valves are divided into body, bonnet, trim and packing materials. When choose the materials of valves, the followings shall be considered; the corrosion resistance, wear resistance for pressure, economical efficiency for high or low temperature and safety for temperature. - Materials of Body & Bonnet The materials for Body and Bonnet which are the pressure containing part, are same and divided into forged steel, rolled steel and cast steel. (Reference: Table 1. List of material specification ASME/ANSI B 16.34) ASME/ANSI standard list the pressure-temperature ratings for each class and material group. Intermediate classes are determined by linear interpolation from standard classes. - Material of Trim Because trim material is connecting with fluid and actually operation part, use the materials of corrosion resistance and wear resistance. If the fluid contains the floating solids and the differential pressure and fluid temperature are high, trim shall be hardened. Because of the galling, use the different materials or if same material, it shall be heat- treated for getting the hardness difference.
- Ball Valve Seat Ball valve seat is very important because it directly impact on life cycle and sealing performance of valves. Seat materials are mostly elastomer, having chemical resistance, high temperature resistance and good wear resistance. Especially, Teflon seat for ball valve is genuine Teflon and carbon mixed Reinforced Teflon. - Materials of Packing Packing shall have the constant force for maintaining the sealing with fluid pressure and stems continuously operation. It shall be not deformed through fluid temperature and other effects. The materials for packing are Teflon, Grafoil. * Teflon It is non-active in chemicals and has the self-lubrication. It is used for all fluids at the operating temperature from -80C to 200C and with spring because of maintaining the constant force and sealing property. * Grafoil It is non-active in chemicals and low friction coefficient. Operating temperature is from -240C to 3,000C and so it is suitable for the cryogenic and ultra-high temperature service. But the operating torque of stem is high due to high density of grafoil.
- Temperature Higher temperature, less pressure rating Temperature is the most important factor to select the packing and trim materials. (Refer to the Seal Material Application and Properties) - Flow The purpose of flow control is the factor to selecting the type and size of valve. On-Off Type: Gate Valve, Ball Valve, Plug Valve Throttling Type: Globe Valve, Needle Valve, Butterfly Valve Direction Control Type: Non Return Valve (Check Valve) Valve Size (Cv): Valve Capacity - Example Valve Type: Ball Valve Material: Stainless Steel 316 End connection size: 1/2 NPT (Female) Application Fluid Pressure Rating: ASME/ANSI Class 2500# (6000 paisg) Pressure-max. Temperature ratings: 5200 psig Flow Coefficient: 10.0
* Design Calculating for Wall Thickness and Cold Working Pressure (CWP) is in accordance with allowable stress and formula of ASME/ANSI B31 Piping Code & ASME Section VII BPV Code. * Test Valve design and pressure rating meet the requirements of the specified burst and performance. Pressure test confirms the weak points and external leakage of valves. Shell test of Hy-Pro Instrument Valves are done in accordance with ASME/ANSI B 16.34 pressure ratings. Apply 1.5 times of pressure ratings of ASME/ANSI B16.34 and duration of test is 15 seconds.
Application.
General service Test Stands Inline or angle pattern SS, Brass, Alloy, 400, A105 PTFE 2-piece chevron
Inline pattern SS, Alloy 400, Duplex PTFE packing provides leak tight seal and long life Metal-to-Metal seat or PCTFE seat (Bubble tight )
Inline or angle pattern SS, Alloy 400, A105 High Temperature Grafoil packing Metal-to-Metal Seat Backseat stem for safety
Inline pattern, Bidirection flow SS, Brass, Alloy 400 High flow capacity Delrin, PEEK, or PCTFE Seal and Soft Seat Gauge Ports available
Feature
Max.OP O.RG
Manifolds valve
M series Pressure & Differential pressure Instrument
Applica tion
Pilot Plant
2, 3 & 5 manifolds design SS, Alloy 400, A105 Direct or Remote mounting Multi-port design SS, Alloy 400, A105
OS&Y bonnet Available
In-Line pattern SS, Brass, Alloy 400 Throtting capability Easy replaced by plug and O-ring
Feature s
Provide large flows Minimum of chatter and fluctuation Viton O-ring seats
HP ball valve
102 series
HP ball valve
105 series HP Instrument Lines Hydraulic Lines
Applica tion
2 way or 3 way design SS, Brass, Alloy 400, A105 PEEK or PCTFE seats
2 way or 3 way design SS, Brass, Alloy 400, A105 PVDF, PEEK or PCTFE seat Fire safety designed to API607 BS 6755 Part2 Locking Device available
Compact design w/I one piece hexagon body SS, Brass, Alloy 400, A105 PTFE seat
Multi-Ports w/I 3,4,5 way SS, Brass, Alloy 400 PTFE seats Two-piece seat fully encapsulates the ball Minimum dead space easily cleaned
In-line pattern SS, Brass, A105 POM-MoS2 seats Fire safety designed to API607 BS 6755 Part2 Locking device available
Featur es
Max. OP O.RG
Applica tion
In-line pattern SS, Duplex, A105 POM-MoS2, PCTFE seats Fire safety designed to API 607, BS 6755 Part2 Locking device available
In-line pattern SS, Brass Compact In-line design Replaceable filter elements
Feature s
Fire safety designed to API 607, BS 6755 Part2 Locking device available
Max. OP O.RG
Relief valve
RV series
Prevent over pressure to protect regulators or pump
Applic ation
Instrument Air lines Chemical processing Oil & Gas production In-Line pattern SS CF8M Long cycle life
In-line pattern SS, Duplex, A105 Cartridge design Easy maintenance Provide large flows
Two ball One needle (OS&Y) SS,Duplex, A105 Saving on space, weight, installation & cost Increased safety
Easy installation & maintenance
In-line pattern SS Easy maintenance Dust cap functions as position indicator Bolted extension bonnet Fire safe design to BS 6755 Part2 750psig ( 52bar ) -196'C upto 371'C
Featur es
Easy swing our construction Anti-Static device locking device Fire safety designed to API607 BS 6755 Part2
PEEK or PCTFE seat Fire safe design 3,000/6,000 (207/413) @ 21'C -23'C upto 204'C 6,000psig ( 413bar ) -25'C upto 12'C 6,000psig ( Class 2500 ) -30'C upto 204'C
Max. OP O.RG
Applica tion
Feature s
Max. OP O.RG