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2008106430
Introduction
The two major items of equipment in a power system are the generators and transformers. They have very high chance of fault occurrence and usually takes much time and money to repair the damage.
Inter-Turn faults
Overheating
Buchholz Protection
Also known as gas accumulator relay, commonly used on all oil-immersed transformer provided with conservator.
Working Principle: Whenever a fault occur inside the transformer, the oil of the tank gets overheated and gases are generated. The heat generated by the high local current causes the transformer oil to decompose and produce gas which can be used to detect the winding faults
Buchholz Protection
are connected. The two overload relays are sufficient to protect against phase to phase faults. The trip contacts of overload relays and earth fault relay are connected in parallel. Therefore the energizing of either one of them, the circuit breaker will tripped.
Description Multifunction Generator, Motor and Transformer Two- and threewinding transformers protection Voltage regulator for power transformers with on-load tapchangers High Impedance Protection Relay
7SG14
RET650
MJ-4A
SPAU 341 C
7VH60
SPAE 011
Sample Computation
A 50MVA, 132/66 kV, / Y three-phase power transformer is protected by percentage differential relays. If the current transformers (CTs) located on delta and wye sides of the power transformer are 300/5 A and 1,200/5 A respectively, determine (a) the output current at full load (b) the relay current at full load (c) the minimum relay current setting to permit 25% overload.
Given:
50MVA, 132---66V delta - wye CT1 = 300---5 CT2 = 1200---5
FIND: a) Output current at FL b) Relay current at FL c) Minimum relay current to allow 25% overload
- connected side)
50 106 3 132,000
= 218.7 A Ans.
c) With 25% overload Line current in secondaries of CTs connected on hv side is 3.645 1.25 = 4.56 and line current in secondaries of CTs connected in delta on lv side = 3 1.822 1.25 = 3.94 Relay Current = 4.56 3.94 = 0.62 A
So relay setting =
0.62 1
= 62% Ans.
Conclucion
Open-circuit faults, earth faults, phase-to-phase faults,
inter-turn faults and overheating are the fault that are likely occur in a transformer Relays control output circuits of a much higher power. Safety is increased Protective relays are essential for keeping faults in the system isolated and keep equipment from being damaged.