DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHOPPER CONTROL SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

By Suman Karmakar Enrolment No: - 0820312

Under The Guidance of Mrs. Anindita Jamatia, Assistant Professor Electrical Engineering Department N.I.T. Agartala & Dr. Mainak Sengupta, Assistant Professor Bengal Engineering & Science University, Howrah, West Bengal.

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION ON SRIM DRIVES 2. DETERMINATION OF M/C PARAMETERS 3. EXPERIMENT ON SPEED CONTROL OF SRIM by varying the slip which involves varying the rotor resistance 4. SIMULATION FOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR CIRCUIT 5. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL CIRCUIT AND DRIVER CIRCUIT 7. ANALYSIS OF CHOPPER CONTROL LED SRIM DRIVE 8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

PROS AND CONS OF AC MOTOR DRIVES

Advantages : Lightweight (20% to 40% lighter than equivalent DC motor) Inexpensive Low maintenance Disadvantages Power control relatively complex and more expensive

Advantages of SRIM OVER SCIM

Effective turns ratio easy to determined for a slip ring IM than cage rotor motor SCIM has small starting torque, large starting current & poor starting power factor Torque-speed characteristic of SRIM can be modified, which is not possible in cage rotor IM .

Desired Motor Characteristic Should behave: like the high-resistance wound-rotor curve; at high slips, & like the low-resistance wound-rotor curve at low slips

Speed Control of Induction Motor 1. Induction Motor Speed Control by Pole Changing.
2. Speed Control by Changing the Line Frequency. 3. Speed Control by Changing the Line Voltage. 4. Speed Control by Changing the Rotor Resistance.
Td
Vs > Vs1 > Vs2

Tmax

Stator Voltage Control

AC Variable Voltage Sources

Tst Tst1 Tst2 2 1 S=0 s Ns

TL

IM
Td

S=1 Nm =0

Vs

Td

fs2 < fs1 < fs

Tmax Tst2 Tst1 Tst TL

Frequency Voltage Control

AC Variable Voltage Sources

IM
Td

Vs

S=1 m =0

2 S=0

1 S=0

S=0

fs2

fs1

fs

Rotor Resistance control

RX
Stator

RX
Rotor

Three-phase supply

RX

RATING OF THE COUPLED MOTOR GENERATOR SET & IM PARAMETERS:

Induction Motor: 3 H.P, 415 V, 4.7 A, Winding- Stator- Y- 415 V, 4.7 A Rotor- Y- 185 V, 7.5 A DC m/c : 2 KW, 220 V, 9 A, 1500 rpm, Shunt, 220 V, 0.7 A.

TESTS performed to Determine M/C Model Parameters, The No-Load Test (result compare with synchronous Test) The DC Test The Locked-Rotor Test Moment of inertia test

Pcore,loss = 161.7165 ohm RC = 1757 ohm Xm = 46.937 ohm.

X lr = Xls = 25.5 ohm

rs = 4.95 ohm ;
r r
= 2.4439

B =1.6649 * 10-3 N-m

ohm.

Jeach,m/c =
Kg-m2

8.9357* 10-6

CONTROLLING WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED BY VARYING THE SLIP USING ROTOR RESISTANCE CONTROL Speed control by three external resistances on rotor circuit.

Speed control by Diode Rectifier and Single external resistance on rotor circuit
Speed control by Diode Rectifier and Single resistance with a Chopper on rotor circuit

METHOD-1 CONTROLLING INDUCTION MOTOR SPEED USING EXTERNAL ROTOR RESISTANCES

Speed
RX
Stator

Rotor External Resistance (Rex) RA= 82

Total Equ. Resistance

In rpm

Vr,L-L

Ir
0.40

RT,eq = R A+ R B+ R c = 201

RX
Rotor

Three-phase supply

RX

1188

RB = 54 Rc = 65 RA= 44.5

44 V

1238

RB = 40 Rc = 47.5 RA= 30.7

= R A+ R B+ R c

34 V

0.42

= 132

1336

RB = 23 Rc = 27.7

= R A+ R B+ R c = 81.4

20 V

0.45

METHOD 2: SPEED CONTROL BY DIODE RECTIFIER AND SINGLE EXTERNAL

RESISTANCE ON ROTOR CIRCUIT ( WITH A DC LINK INDUCTOR)

Speed

Rotor External

In rpm
1188 1238 1336 1488 755

Resistance (Rex)
108 80.5 56.56 nil 242

Vdc
49 V 44 V 21 V 0.4 V 130 V

Idc
0.555 A 0.57 A 0.59 A 0.62 A 0.49 A

METHOD 3: SPEED CONTROL BY DIODE RECTIFIER AND SINGLE RESISTANCE

WITH A CHOPPER ON ROTOR CIRCUIT

Rotor rectified DC voltage (Vdc)

DC link Current ( Idc)

Duty Ratio (%)

Speed of the rotor

58

0.6

27.43

1158

44

0.612

45.7

1238

34

0.62

58.9

1306

, Switching frequency

Rotor rectified DC voltage (Vdc) 76 70

DC link Current ( Idc) 0.54 0.58 0.6 0.612 0.62 0.52 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.62 0.56 0.60 0.6125

Duty Ratio (%) ---------14.22 27.43 45.7 58.9 --------9.26 25.92 50 66.66 21.21 40.9 62.12

Speed of the rotor 1060 1104 1158 1238 1306 1060 1104 1140 1262 1320 1128 1218 1304

Remarks MOSFET Switched off MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET off MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON MOSFET ON

fsw = 2.54 KHz

58 44 34 76 66

fsw=4.629 6 KHz

56 38 27

fsw=3.787 9KHz

58 44 30

Pulse width modulator circuit

Orcad Simulation for Pulse width modulator circuit

Out put wave form of Op-amp, VA , Square wave

Out put wave form of Op-amp VB = Bipolar triangular wave

Out put wave form of Op-amp, VC ,Unipolar triangular wave

Out put wave form of Op-amp ,VD ,P.W.M square pulse

The Oscillogram outputs of the driving pulse generated by the Op Amp based controller for the MOSFET switch for Duty ratio = 50%

MOSFET driver circuit

Gate pulse at MOSFET gate terminal for different Duty Cycle (Switching

frequency at,

Fig5.6 (c) Duty cycle = 50%, speed = 1262 rpm,

Fig5.6 (d) Duty cycle = 66.66%,

speed = 1320 rpm,

Duty Ratio

fsw
(KHz)

Rotor rectified Ripple Voltage 19.625

Vdc
71.2

Idc
(A) 0.325

Speed (rpm)

4.6729 0.1869

1104

3.33 2.4272

4.6729
0.514 3.33

21.5 25.875 29.75

33.75 38.875

70.5 69.4 46.4

44.5 43.5

0.33 0.34 0.33

0.34 0.32

1118 1176 1224

1246 1255

2.4272

Rotor rectified Ripple Voltage variation with MOSFET switching frequency at different Duty ratio.

Rotor speed variation with MOSFET switching frequency at different Duty ratio

D= 0.1869

D= 0.514

Ripple in rotor rectified voltage against rotor speed at different frequency at D= 0.1869 & D= 0.514

Rotor chopper current (Idc) against rotor speed at different frequency at D= 0.1869 & D= 0.514

Experimental set up

MOSFET driver circuit and pulse width modulated gate pulse circuit

Conclusion
The effect of chopper frequency at different duty cycles of WRIM drive with a resistive loaded chopper performance is studied. The result shows that a low value of chopper frequency may cause fluctuation in motor speed and torque pulsation. Increasing the chopper frequency, decrease the ripple in rotor rectified voltage, speed variation and improvement in the electromagnetic torque characteristics of WRIM drive with a resistive loaded rotor chopper is studied.

Scope of Future Work

This thesis has successfully established the potential of wound rotor induction motor as a variable speed drive. Some aspects can be explored further to effect improvements in performance. A few of these are: The closed loop control scheme of wound rotor induction motor drive with resistively loaded chopper can further be designed, developed using Matlab/Simulink toolbox and developed the hard ware of this closed loop control scheme. This control scheme has a disadvantage of low efficiency. In order to increase the motor efficiency while controlling the speed of the motor, slip energy recovery scheme can be developed with help of this thesis.

REFERENCES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[1] M. G. Say, Performance and Design of A.C. Machines, ELBS and PITMAN, [2] Bimal K. Bose, Adjustable Speed AC Drive System, IEEE Press, 1981. [3] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Handbook, Academy Press, 2001. [4] L. Umanand, Power Electronics, essential & application, [5] Mohan Ned, Undeland Tore M. and Robbins William P. [6] "Power Electronics, Converters Applications and Design", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Book, 1995. [7] Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits by Robert F. Coughlin, Frederick F. Driscoll [8] Steady State Modeling and Performance Analysis of Static Slip Energy Recovery Controlled Slip Ring Induction Motor Drive by B. K. Singh and K. B. Naik [9] Study on rotor IGBT chopper control for Induction motor by SHEN Tian-fei and Bo-shi, GONG You min ,School of Electromechanical Engineering and Automatic shanghai University, Shanghi 200072,china [10] Analysis and simulation of static Kramer drive under steady-state conditions B.A.T. AI Zahawi, BSc, PhD B.L. Jones, BSc(Eng), PhD, CEng, MlEE ,W. Drury, BSc, PhD, CEng, MlEE [11] INDUCTION MOTOR THEORY by Jerry Bednarczyk, PE [12] Bipolar transistors for MOSFET gate driving applications by Peter Blair, Product Development Manager [13] Power MOSFET Gate Driver Circuits using High Current Super-b Transistors 6A Pulse Rated SOT23 Transistors for High Frequency MOSFET Interfacing by Neil Chadderton Application Note 18 Issue 1 March 1996 [14] APPLICATION NOTE, AN524/0994 DRIVE CIRCUITS FOR POWER MOSFETs AND IGBTs by B. Maurice, L. Wuidart [15] Matching MOSFET Drivers to MOSFETs Author: Jamie Dunn Microchip Technology Inc. [16] Design and Application Guide for High Speed MOSFET Gate Drive Circuits by Laszlo Balogh [17] IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators

Thank you all