Group6Chapter6Quadratic Equations

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
Find the sum, difference, product
and quotient of two complex
numbers.
Solve quadratic equations.
Determine and discuss the nature
of the roots of quadratic equations
Find the sum and the product of the
roots of quadratic
Solve equations in quadratic forms

Solve radical equations
Discuss the graphs of quadratic forms
Solve systems involving quadratic
equations by the graphical and algebraic
methods
Apply the concepts involved in quadratic
equations to actual life situations
WHAT ARE QUADRATIC EQUATIONS?
In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation
of the second degree. The general form is:

where x represents a variable or an unknown, and a, b,
and c are constants with a 0.
General Form
COMPLEX NUMBERS
A complex number is a number of the form a
+ bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is
the imaginary unit

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Equations by Factoring
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Completing the Square
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Nature of the roots of
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Fractional Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
a+bi

You can't take the square root of a negative number. That's because
you had no numbers which were negative after you'd squared them.
Every number was positive after you squared it. So you couldn't
very well square-root a negative and expect to come up with
anything sensible.

You can take the square root of a negative number, but it involves
using a new number to do it. This new number was invented around
the time of the Reformation. At that time, nobody believed that any
"real world" use would be found for this new number, other than
easing the computations involved in solving certain equations, so
the new number was viewed as being a pretend number invented
for convenience sake.

Complex Numbers
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
This new number was called "i", standing for
"imaginary", because "everybody knew" that i wasn't
"real". (That's why you couldn't take the square root of a
negative number before: you only had "real" numbers;
that is, numbers without the "i" in them.) The imaginary
is defined to be:

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
NOW YOU MAY THINK:
This is Wrong
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
This pattern of powers, signs, 1's, and i's is a cycle:

In other words, to calculate any high power of i, you can
convert it to a lower power by taking the closest
multiple of 4 that's no bigger than the exponent and
subtracting this multiple from the exponent.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
EXAMPLES:
1. Simplify sqrt(9).
5. Simplify 2i + 3i.
6. Simplify 16i 5i.
7. Multiply and simplify (3i)(4i).
8. Multiply and simplify (i)(2i)(3i).
9. Simplify i
17
.
10. Simplify i
120
.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
SUM, DIFFERENCE AND PRODUCT OF
COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. To add/subtract two complex numbers, take the sum/difference of
the real parts and the sum/difference of the imaginary parts.
(a) (3+4i) + (7+5i)= (3+7) + (4+5)i= 10+9i
(b) (3+-25) + (2+-16)= (3+5i) + (2+4I)= (3+2) + (5+4)I =5+9i
(c) (10+5i) (-4-3i)= [10-(-4)] = ;5-(-3)i= (10+4) + (5+3)i= 14+8i
2. To find the product of two complex numbers, expand the
expression as the product of two binomials , replace with -1, and
simplify.
(7-4i)(7=4i)= (7)(7) + (7)(4i) + (-4i)(7) = (-4i)(7) + (-4i)(4i)
=49 + 28i-28i-16i
2
=49 + 16
=65
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
QUOTIENT OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
To find the quotient of two complex numbers, multiply both
numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the
denominator and then simplify.

Answer
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
SOLUTIONS:
2I + 3I = (2 + 3)I = 5I
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
16I 5I = (16 5)I = 11I
(3I)(4I) = (3 4)(I I) = (12)(I
2
)
= (12)(1) = 12
(I)(2I)(3I) = (2 3)(I I I)
=(6)(I
2
I) =(6)(1 I)
= (6)(I) = 6I
I
17
= I
16 + 1
= I
4 4 + 1
= I
1
= I
I
120
= I
4 30
= I
4 30 + 0
= I
0
= 1
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solving Quadratic Equations By Factoring
If the left side of a complete quadratic equation in
standard form can be factored into two linear factors,
the roots or solutions of the quadratic equation can be
obtained quickly and easily. The key principle involved
in this method rests on the following property of real
numbers.

The Zero Property Of Equality
The product AB = 0, if and only A = 0
or B = 0
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0.
x
2
+ 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3) Factor x
2
+ 5x + 6
(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0 Set it equal to zero
x + 2 = 0 or x + 3 = 0 Solve each factor
x = 2 or x = 3
Checking:
x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0:
[3]
2
+ 5[3] + 6 ?=? 0
9 15 + 6 ?=? 0
9 + 6 15 ?=? 0
15 15 ?=? 0
0 = 0
[2]
2
+ 5[2] + 6 ?=? 0
4 10 + 6 ?=? 0
4 + 6 10 ?=? 0
10 10 ?=? 0
0 = 0

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve x
2
= x - 6=6
x
2
+ x - 6 = 6
x
2
+ x - 12 = 0
(x + 4)(x - 3)=0
x + 4= 0 or x - 3=0
x= -4 or x= 3
Solve 3 x
2
= 2x
3 x
2
=2x
3 x
2
- 2x= 0
x(3x 2)= 0
x=0 or 3x 2= 0
x= 0 or x=

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve x
2
+ 3x = 0
x(x + 3)=0 Factor the common monomial.
x = 0 or x + 3 = 0 Set each factor equal to 0 and
solve for x.
x = -3

Solve y
2
= 16
y
2
- 16 = 0 Get all terms on the same side.
(y + 4)(y - 4) =0 Factor the difference of
squares.
y + 4 = 0 OR y - 4 = 0 Set each factor equal to 0 and
solve for y.
y = -4 OR y = 4
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations

Solve c
2
- 12 = c
c
2
- 12 - c =0
c
2
- c - 12 = 0
(c + 3)(c - 4) = 0
c + 3 = 0 OR c - 4 = 0
c = -3 OR c = 4

Solve (x 3)(x 4) = 0.
x 3 = 0 or x 4 = 0
x = 3 or x = 4
Checking x = 3 in (x
3)(x 4) = 0:
([3] 3)([3] 4) ?=? 0
(3 3)(3 4) ?=? 0
(0)(1) ?=? 0
0 = 0
Checking x = 4 in (x 3)(x
4) = 0:
([4] 3)([4] 4) ?=? 0
(4 3)(4 4) ?=? 0
(1)(0) ?=? 0
0 = 0

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve x
2
- 3x = 0
x
2
- 3x = 0
x (x - 3) = 0
x = 0 or x - 3 = 0
x = 0

or

x = 3

Solve 2 x
2
+ x - 21 = 0
2 x
2
+ x - 21 = (2x + a)(x + b)
2 x
2
+ x - 21 = (2x + 7)(x - 3)
(2x + 7)(x - 3) = 0
2x + 7 = 0
x - 3 = 0
x = - 7 / 2

or
x = 3

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve (x - 1)(x + 1 / 2) = - x + 1
(x - 1)(x + 1 / 2) = - (x - 1)
(x - 1)(x + 1 / 2) + (x - 1) = 0
(x - 1)(x + 1 / 2 + 1) = 0
x - 1 = 0
x + 3 / 2 = 0
x = 1

or
x = - 3 / 2

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
2
8 20 0 x x + =
2
8 20 x x + =
Solve the following equation by completing the square:

Step 1: Move quadratic term, and linear term to left side
of the equation

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Step 2: Find the term that completes the square on the
left side of the equation. Add that term to both sides
2
8 =20 + x x + +
2
1
( ) 4 then square it, 4 16
2
8 - = =
2
8 20 16 16 x x + + = +
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
2
8 20 16 16 x x + + = +
2
( 4)( 4) 36
( 4) 36
x x
x
=
=
Step 3: Factor the perfect square trinomial on the left side
of the equation. Simplify the right side of the
equation.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Step 4: Take the square root of each side

2
( 4) 36 x + =
( 4) 6 x + =
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Step 5: Set up the two possibilities and solve

4 6
4 6 an

d 4 6
10 and 2 x=
x
x x
x
=
=
=
= +
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Examples
Solve the following equation for x

Solution
Here b = 16, b/2 = 8 and k = -8 like so:

Plugging these numbers into our formula above gives

Or

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve the following equation for x

Solution
First, divide the entire equation by 9:

Now, b = -4, b/2 = -2 and k = 3, so plugging this into the
formula gives

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
In other words,
Solve for x

Solution
Multiply by 2 to get rid of the coefficient in front
of the first term
then subtract 4 from both sides to put the
equation in a form as above
Now it is apparent that b = 4, b/2 = 2 and k = -4. Plug these into the
complete the square formula to get
This equation has only one repeated root. Remember that
quadratics have at most two distinct roots.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve for x
Solution
Even though this equation can be solved by simpler means, we are
looking at using the complete the square formula, so add 1 to both
sides and put in a "ghost" or zero term to hold the "x" place:
Now that the equation is in standard form, we have b = 0, b/2
= 0 and k = 1. Plugging these values into the equation yields
This is as expected, and verifies that complete the square
agrees with common sense.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve for
x
Solution
Here b = -2, b/2 = -1 and k = -5. Plugging these in gives
so that
and
This solution is interesting in that the two solutions are
complex conjugates.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve for x
Solution
This problem is best solved by a substitution: let u = x + 2 so that x = u
2. Putting these into either side of the equation yields
This puts the equation in standard form with b = -1, b/2 = -1/2
and k = -4, so, completing the square,
A little algebra yields
Dont forget that we need to find x, not u, so we have one
more step to go:
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY THE
QUADRATIC FORMULA
a
ac b b
2
4
2

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
0
2
= + + c bx ax
To use the quadratic formula the
equations must be in descending
order equal to zero (aka Standard
Form).
All quadratic equations can be
written in this form where: a, b,
and c are constants and a cannot
be zero.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
QUADRATIC FORMULA
a
ac b b
2
4
2

We can use the quadratic formula
to solve (find the x axis crossing point) of
quadratic equations.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
QUADRATIC FORMULA
We have to remember the standard form of a quadratic equation.
0
2
= + + c bx ax
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
The quadratic formula is really a rearranged version of the
standard form of a quadratic equation. It can be rearranged
to solve for x ( the place the parabola crosses the x axis).
It could be rewritten to read as below.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
Look at the quadratic equation below and compare
it to the standard form of a quadratic equation.
0
0 6 5
2
2
= + +
= + +
c bx ax
x x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
0
0 6 5
2
2
= + +
= + +
c bx ax
x x
Simply list your a, b, and c values from your quadratic
equation and plug them into the quadratic formula.
a=1 (if there is no number before x
2
, assume a = 1).
b=5
c=6
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
0 6 5
2
= + + x x
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
a=1
b=
5
c=6
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
a=1
b=5
c=6
Replace a, b, and c in the formula and look what you have.
) (
) )( ( ) (
1 2
6 1 4 5 5
2

= x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
2
24 25 5
=
) (
) )( ( ) (
1 2
6 1 4 5 5
2

= x
2
1 5
=
2
1 5
=
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
USING THE FORMULA
2
1 5
=
2
1 5
=
2
1 5 +
=
3 =
2 =
{ } 3 , 2
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve the following where:
a = 1 b = -2 c = -48
x
2
- 2x - 48 = 0?
Solution:
) 1 ( 2
) 48 )( 1 ( 4 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
2

= x
2
192 4 2 +
=
2
196 2
=
2
14 2
=
2
14 2 +
= x
2
16
= 8 =
2
14 2
= x 6
2
12
=
= } 6 , 8 { = x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
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Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
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Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solve the following where:
0 = 2y
2
+ 4y 1, a = 2, b = 4, c = -1

a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
) 2 ( 2
) 1 )( 2 ( 4 ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2

= x
4
8 16 4 +
= x
4
24 4
=
4
6 2 4
=
2
6 2
=
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
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Sum and Product of
the Roots
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Quadratic Form
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Quadratic Equations
Solve:
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
So The Solution is:::
x
2
-9x +18 = 0
x = 6 and 3
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Equations by
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the Roots
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Quadratic Equations
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Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
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Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
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Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
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Radical Equations
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Applications
Quadratic Equations
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) 24 2
6 24 4 4 1 4 1
2
+
=

Solve . If the solution involves radicals, round
to the nearest tenth.
6 x 14 x 24
2
=
Identify values for a, b, c.
6 c , 4 1 b , 24 a = = =
Write quadratic formula.
2a
4ac b b
x
2

=
( )( )
48
6 96 196 14 +
=
48
576 196 14 +
=
48
772 14
=
48
772 14
,
48
772 14
x

=
+
=
3 . 0 , 9 . 0
Rewrite the equation in standard form.
0 6 x 14 x 24
2
=
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Quadratic Equations
Solve . If the solution involves radicals, round to
the nearest tenth.
0 6 x 5 x
2
= +
2a
4ac b b
x
2

=
( )( )
2
6 4 25 5 +
=
2
24 25 5 +
=
2
49 5
=
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) 1 2
6 1 4 5 5
2
+
=

2
7 5
=
2
7 5
,
2
7 5
x

=
+
=

2
2
=
2
12
=
6 , 1
Quadratic Equations
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Equations by
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Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
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Quadratic Equations
NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC
EQUATION
Lets start with the definition first, for you to
better understand. :)

In the quadratic formula X= -bb-4ac,

2a
the expression b-4ac inside the radical is
called the disciminant.

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The discriminant is an expression which gives
information about the nature of the polynomial's
roots.

The discriminant gives additional information on the
nature of the roots beyond simply whether there are
any repeated roots: it also gives information on
whether the roots are real or complex, and rational
or irrational.

More formally, it gives information on whether the
roots are in the field over which the polynomial is
defined, or are in an extension field, and hence
whether the polynomial factors over the field of
coefficients.

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Quadratic Equations
Definition 1:
In the equation ax + bx + c = 0,
the quantity D= b - 4ac is called the discriminant.

The roots, therefore of the quadratic equation can
be expressed as:

X= -b D

2a

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Take note:

*If the coefficients of the quadratic equation are
real, we can use the discriminant to determine
the nature of the roots.

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Now there are 3 ways to use the discriminant in
determining the nature of the roots:

*If D > O, there are two unequal real roots of the
form:

-b D

2a

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*If D = 0, there is one root of the form:
-b/2a

(we sometimes say that there are two equal
roots or a double root)

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*If D < 0, the roots are unequal and non real and
can be represented by the complex
conjugate:

-b |D|

2a

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Did you get the first part, and the simple ways in
determining the nature of the roots? Thats
good then.

Oh, but its not yet the end of this lesson. Im
going to give you examples to help you
understand the lesson more! :)

Here we gooooo!

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Equations by
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Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
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Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 1:

Discuss the nature of the roots of the equation:
x
2
18x + 81 = 0.

Solution:

The discriminant of the quadratic equation x
2
18x + 81 =
0 is

(-18)
2
4.1.81 = 324 324 = 0

Since the discriminant of the given equation is zero and
coefficients of x
2
, x are rational, hence roots of the
equation are real, rational and equal.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 2:

If a, b, c are rational and a + b + c = 0, show that the
roots of the equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 are rational.

Solution:

Since a + b + c = 0 hence b = -(c + a)

The given quadratic equation is ax
2
+ bx + c = 0

Or ax
2
(c + a)x + c = 0 (1)

The discriminant of equation (1) is
{-(c + a)}
2
4ac = (c + a)
2
4ac = (c - a)
2

Since a, b, c are rational and the discriminant of equation
(1) is a perfect square, hence the roots of (1) are rational.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
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Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 3

If the roots of the equation px
2
2qx + p = 0 are real
and unequal, then show that the roots of the
equation qx
2
2px + q = 0 are imaginary.(Where both
p and q are real)

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Complex Numbers
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Equations by
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Quadratic Formula
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Applications
Quadratic Equations
Solution:
px
2
2qx + p = 0 (1)
qx
2
2px + q = 0 (2)

Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of equations (1) and
(2) respectively.

Then D1 = (-2q)
2
4.p.p = 4(q
2
p
2
) and
D2 = (-2p)
2
4.q.q = 4(
2
q
2
).

Given that p and q are real and the roots of equation (1)
are real and unequal, hence we get,
D1 > 0 or 4(q
2
p
2
) > 0 or q
2
> p
2

Again q
2
> p
2
implies p
2
q
2
< 0.

Hence the discriminant of equation (2) is negative.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
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Solving Quadratic
Equations by
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Quadratic Formula
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the Roots
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Quadratic Equations
Example 4

Calculate the discriminant to determine the number and
nature of the solutions of the following quadratic
equation:
y = x 2x + 1

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Quadratic Equations
Solution:

In this quadratic equation,
y = x 2x + 1

a =1
b = 2
c = 1

Using our general formula, the discriminant is
(-2) 41 1 = 4 4 = 0
Since the discriminant is zero, we should expect 1 real
solution which you can see pictured in the graph
below.

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Quadratic Form
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Quadratic Equations
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Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 5:

Use the discriminant to find out the nature and
number of solutions:
y = x x 2

Solution:
In this quadratic equation,
y = x x 2 and its solution

a =1
b = 1
c = 2
Discriminant: b 4(a)(c) = (-1) 4(1)(-2)
1 -8 = 1 + 8 = 9
Since the discriminant is positive, there should
be 2 real solutions to this equation.

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Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Now that wasnt that hard, isnt it? I bet you
answered them in just a snap!

Well it just started, because its going to get
more exciting. Im going to take you to
another lesson, which I know will be much
more easier for you

Here we gooooooo!

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
SUM AND PRODUCT OF THE ROOTS
In the quadratic formula, the two roots of a
quadratic equation are given by:

x1 = -b + b - 4ac

2a

and

x2= -b - b - 4ac

2a

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Thus, we have the following sum
and product of the roots of a
quadratic equation.

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Quadratic Equations
Sum:

x1 + x2 = -b + b- 4ac + -b - b - 4ac
2a 2a

= -2b
2a

= - b

a

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*Product:

x1 x2 = -b + b - 4ac -b - b - 4ac
2a 2a
= b - (b - 4ac)
4a
= -4ac
4a

= c
a
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Example 1:

Illustrate how this formula applies to the quadratic
equation, both the sum and product. x2 + 5x +6.

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Solution:

As you can see the sum of the roots is indeed -b/a
and the product of the roots is c/a.

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Example 2:

Illustrate how this formula applies to the
quadratic equation, again both sum and
product.
x
2
- 2x - 8.

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Solution:

Again, both formulas--for the sum and the
product boil down to -b/a and c/a, respectively.

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Example 3:

Without solving, find the sum and product of the
roots equation:
2x
2
-3x -2 = 0

Solution:
Identify the coefficients:
a = 2
b = -3
c = -2
now, subsitute these values into the formulas

Sum of roots Product of roots
-b/a = -(-3)/2 = 3/2 c/a = -2/2 = -1

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Example 4:

Without solving, find the sum & product of the
roots of the following equation:
-9x
2
-8x = 15

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Solution:

First, subtract 15 from both sides so that your
equation is in the form
0 = ax
2
+ bx + c
rewritten equation: -9x
2
-8x - 15 = 0
Identify the coefficients:
a = -9
b = -8
c = -15

Sum of roots Product of roots
-b/a = -(-8)/-9 = -8/9 c/a = -15/9 = -5/3
now, substitute these values into the formulas
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Example 5:

For this equation x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 , answer the
following questions :

A. Calculate the value of x1 + x2

B. Calculate the value of x1x2

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Solution:

The equation x
2
+ 5x + 4 = 0 is already in
ax
2
+bx+c=0 form.
As the value is already arranged in ax
2
+bx+c=0
form, we get the value of a = 1, b = 5, c = 4.

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Use the formula, x1 + x2 = -b
a
to get the answers.
Since the value of a = 1 and b = 5,
we only have to subtitute those values into
x1 + x2 = -b
a
So we get x1 + x2 = -(5)
1

Which produce x1 + x2 = -5
1

We get following answers x1 + x2 = -5

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The formula x1 x2 = c
a
is useful to solve this problem.
Since we know from the problem that a =
1 and c = 4,
we only have to subtitute those values
into x1x2 = c
a
So we come with x1x2 = 4
1

So we got the answers as x1x2 = 4
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Equations by
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EQUATIONS IN QUADRATIC FORM
There are equations in which are not quadratic
but which can be reduced to a quadratic form
by the substitution of a new variable. Generally,
any equation which can be written in the form

ay2+ by+ c = 0 ( a not equal to 0)
Where y express in terms of another variable is
called an equation in quadratic form.

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Quadratic Equations
Example 1.
Solve the equation 2X2/5- 5X 1/5 -3= O
SOLUTION:
THE EQUATION IS QUADRATIC IN X1/5
LETTING Y =X1/5 AND substituting
2(x1/5 )2- 5x1/5-3 = 0
2y2-5y-3 = 0
(2y+ 1) ( y-3) = 0
2y + 1 = 0 or y-3 = 0
Y = ; y =3

Thus , y= x1/5 = -1/2; = x1/5=3
Raising both sides of each equation to the 5
th
power
(x1/5)5 = (-1/2)5; (x1/5)5 = 3 raise to 5
X = -1/32 ; x = 243

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Example 2
Solve u2 20u + 64 = 0
Here if we let u = x2, we can rewrite the equation so it
looks like an ordinary quadratic equation
U2 20u + 64 = 0
We now factor to give
(u-16)(u-4) =0
So the solutions for u are 16 or 4
So x2 = 16 or x2 = 4 these give us x = -4, or 4 x= -2 or 2
So the complete set of solution is: x = -4, -2, 4 and 2

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 3
Solve 4x4 + 15x2 = o
4x4 + 15x2 -4 = 0

Example 4
Solve 4u2 + 15u 4 =0
4u2 + 16u u 4 = 0
4u ( u + 4) 1 (u+4) = 0
(4u 1)( u+4) = 0

So u = or u = -4
X2 = or x2 = -4

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 5
Solve the equation 6/x2 + 1/x = 1
Solution
The given equation can be written as 6(1/x)2 +
1/x -1 = 0
Letting y = 1/x and substituting,
6y2 + y 1 = 0
(3y 1) (2y + 1) = 0
3y-1 = 0 or 2y+1 = 0
Y = 1/3 ; y = -1/2
Thus, y = 1/x = 1/3 ; y = 1/x = -
Solving for x in both cases will give us
X= 3 and x= -2
Solution set : {-2, 3}
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 6
Solve x4 4x2 + 3 = 0
(x2) 2 4 ( x2) + 3 +0
Y2 4y + 3 = 0
(y-3)9 y-1) = 0
Y = 3 y = 1
Let y = x2 factor y2 4y + 3 = 0
Because x2 = y it follows that x2 = 3 or x2 = 1
X = 3 or x = -3 x= 1 or x= -1
Example 7
Solve x2 2x 15 = 0
Factoring gives,
(x-5)( x+ 3) =0
Now, if either of the terms (x-5) or ( x+3) is 0, the product is
zero. So I conclude ( x-5) = 0, therefore x= 5 or (x+3) = 0
therefore x = -3

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 8
Solve x2 7x + 10 = 0 has roots of x = 2 and x= 5 these can be
seen by substituting in the equation:
When x= 2,
x2 7x + 10
= (2)2 7( 2) + 10 =4 14 + 10
= 0
Example 9
Solve 9x2 +6x + 1 = 0
Factoring gives:
( 3x + 1)( 3x + 1) = 0
So I conclude
(3x + 1)= 0 therefore
x = - 1/3

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 10
2x2 7x + 6 = 3
2x2 7x + 3 = 0
( 2x 1) ( x- 3) = 0
So
X = or x = 3

The solutions of an equations consists of all
numbers ( roots)
Which make the equation true
All quadratic equations have 2 solutions ( ie.
2 roots) these can be
Real and distinct
real and equal
Imaginary ( complex)

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
THE RADICAL EQUATIONS
A radical equation is an equation in which at least
one variable expressions is stuck inside a radical
usually a square root..
There are examples and problems in which the
coefficient of x is odd. Also some of the
quadratics below have complex roots and some
involve simplifying radicals
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 1
Solve 2y + 11 y 4 = 0
2y + 11 = y + 4 isolating the
radical
(2y + 11) 2 = ( y + 4)2 Squaring both
sides
2y + 11 = y2 + 8y + 16
simplifying
Y2 + 6y + 5 = 0
( y + 1) ( y+ 5) = 0 factoring
y+ 1 = 0 ; y+ 5 = 0
y = -1 ; y = -5

Then after that we must check for y = -1 and y
= -5 AND FIND THE EXTRANEOUS ROOT

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 2
Solve 3x + 1 - x+ 9 = 2
Solution
3x + 1 = x+ 9 +2
( 3x + 1) 2 = ( x+9 + 2)2
3x+1 = x+9+4x+9+4
2x-12 = 4x+9
X-6 = 2x+9
(X-6)2 = (2X+9)2
X2-12X +36 = 4( X+9)
X2- 12X +36 = 4X +36
X2 -16X = 0
X(X-16) = 0
X = 0 ; X= 16
AFTER THAT CHECKING AND FIND THE EXTANEOUS
ROOT

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 3
Solve x-1 = 2
(x-1)2 = (2)2
X -1 = 4
Check
5 -1 = 2
4 = 2
2=2

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 4
Solve X-1 = 5x-9
( x-3)2 + (30 2x) 2
X2 6x + 9 + 30 2x
X2- 4x -21 = 0
( x-7) ( x+3) = 0
X = 7 ; x = -3
Checking
7 3 = 30 14
4 = 16
4 = 4

-3-3 = 30 (-6)
-6 is not equal to 36

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 5
5x + 3 = 3x + 7
( 5x +3)2 = ( 3x + 7)2
5x +3 = 3x + 7
2x = 4
X= 2
5(2) +3 = 3 (2) +7
13 = 13

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 6
Solve 2 x+ 8 = 3x 2
(2 x+8 )2 = ( 3 x- 2 )2
4 ( x +8 ) = 9 ( x -2)
4x + 32 = 9x 18
50 = 5x
10 = x

Checking
210 + 8 = 3 10 2
218 = 38
2 ( 32) = 3( 22)
62 = 62
8.485 = 8.485
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 7
X-1 = 5x 9
( x-1)2 = ( 5x -9)2
X2 2x +1 = 5x 9
X2 7x + 10 = 0
( x- 5) (x 2= 0
X = 5 ; x= 2
checking
X 1 = 5x -9 x 1 = 5x -9
5 -1 = 5 (5) 9 2-1 = 5 (2) -9
4 = 16 1 = 1
4 = 4 1 = 1

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 8
Solve x + 2 + 4 = x
X +2 = ( x-4)2 = x2 8x + 16
X2 9x + 14 = 0
( x-7) ( x-2) = o
So, X = 7 and x = 2
Example 9
Solve x1 x -7
(10) -1 = (10) -7
9 = 3
3 = 3
so these is a radical equations and after solving
you must check if it is correct or not

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 10
Solve 6- x = 11
-x = 5
x = -5
( x)2 = ( -5) 2 x = 25
Checking : 6 - 25 == 11 6-5 is not equal
to11
The answer is 1 is not equal to 11
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
FRACTIONAL EQUATION
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
SOLVING A FRACTIONAL
EQUATION:
A fractional equation is an equation containing a
fraction. The fraction can be either a common
fraction or a decimal fraction. The unknowns can
occupy any position in the equation. They may or
may not be part of the fraction. If they are part of
the fraction, they can be either in the numerator
or the denominator.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
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Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Fractional
equations are solved using the same axioms a
nd approach used for other algebraic
equations. However, the initial step is to remove
the equation from fractional form. This is done by
determining the lowest common denominator
(LCD) for all of the fractions in the equation and
then multiplying both sides of the equation by
this common denominator. This will clear the
equation of fractions

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
STEPS IN SOLVING
FRACTIONAL EQUATION:
1. Look at the denominators of all the fraction terms
and find the least common denominator (LCD).
2. Multiply both sides of the equation by the LCD.
3. Distribute the LCD over both sides of the equation.
4. Now, the equation no longer contains fraction
terms so you can continue solving it by using the
basic procedures for solving equation.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
EXAMPLES:
a 3
1
+
12
5
=
a
2
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
MULTIPLY BOTH SIDES WITH
THE (LCD)
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
a 3
1
+
12
5
=
a
2
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
THE (LCD) IS DISTRIBUTED
TO THE LEFT SIDE:
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
a 3
1
+
12
5
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
=
a
2
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
EACH OF THE DENOMINATORS SHOULD
BE CANCELED:
a 3
1
12
5
a
2
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
|
.
|
\
|
1
12a
NOW SOLVE FOR THIS
EQUATION:
24 5 4 = + a
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
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Radical Equations
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Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations

4
5
20
5
5
20 5
4 24 5
=
=
=
=
a
a
a
a
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
2.
5
2
10
2
2
3 7 6 4
7 6 3 4
6
7
6
2
1
3
2
6
6
7
2
1
3
2
=

=
+ =
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|

+ =
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
3.
5
1
10
10
10
2
10 11 9
11 10 9
14 7 3 3 9
) 2 ( 7 ) 1 ( 3 9
) 1 )( 2 (
1
7
2
3
) 1 )( 2 (
) 1 )( 2 (
9
) 1 )( 2 (
1
7
2
3
2
9
2
=
=
=
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
+
=
+
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
4.
2
4
0 ) 2 )( 4 (
0 8 2
0 4 4 2 2
4 4 2 2
4 4 2
4 ) 2 )( 2 ( ) 2 (
) 2 )( 2 (
4
) 2 )( 2 ( ) 2 )( 2 ( 1
2
) 2 )( 2 (
4
4
1
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
=
=
= +
=
=
+ =
+ = +
+ = + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+ = +
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
= +
x
or
x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x
x x x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
5.
4
0 4
3
1
3
1
3
3
0 1 3
0 ) 4 )( 1 3 (
0 4 13 3
0 4 10 3 3
3 3 4 10
3 3 6 4 4
) 1 ( 3 6 ) 1 ( 4
2
1
) 1 ( 6 ) 1 ( 6
1
1
3
2
) 1 ( 6
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
3 2
=
=
=
=
=
=
= +
= +
=
= +
= +
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
y
y
or
y
y
y
y y
y y
y y y
y y y
y y y y
y y y y
y y y y
y y
y y
y y
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
6.
17
1
17
1
18 35
35 18
10
2
7
10
10 5
9
10
2
7
10 5
9
=

=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
7.
28
3
28
3
28
28
30 27 28
27 30 28
12
4
9
12
2
5
3
7
12
4
9
2
5
3
7
=
=
=
= +
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
= +
x
x
x
x
x
x
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
8.
( )
8
7
8
7
8
8
9 2 8
2 9 8
2 1
2
9 8
2
1
2
9 8
=
=
= +
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
k
k
k
k
k
k
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
9.
( )
9
50
9
50
9
9
1 51 9
51 1 9
3 17
3
1 9
3
17
3
1 9
=
=
=
= +
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
h
h
h
h
h
h
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
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Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
QUADRATIC CURVES
An equation of the form

where A,B,C,D,E, and F are constant with A, B, C, not all
zero , is said to be a second degree or a quadratic
equation in the variables and . Equation (1) is
the general form of a quadratic equation in two
variables. Two such equations constitute a system
of a quadratic equations.

0
2 2
= + + + + + F Ey Dx Cy Bxy Ax
x
y
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
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Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation may represent a circle, an
ellipse, a parabola, or a hyperbola. These curves
are known as conic sections or, more simply, as
conics.
Equation (1) can be identified as a circle, ellipse,
parabola, or hyperbola as follows:
If B = 0 and A = C, the conic is a circle.
If , the conic is an ellipse.
If , the conic is a parabola.
If , the conic is a hyperbola.

0 4
2
AC B
0 4
2
= AC B
0 4
2
AC B
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
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Equations by the
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Quadratic Equations
For the special case B = 0, with at least one of A
and C nonzero, the previously stated
identification can be reduced to the following:
If , the conic is a circle
If , but A and C have the same sign, the conic is
an ellipse
If or but not both, the conic is a
parabola
If A and C have opposite signs, the conic is a hyperbola

0 = A
0 = A
0 = A
0 = C
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
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DEFINITION 1: A circle is the set of all points that are
equidistant from a fixed point on the plane. The
fixed point is called the center, and the distance
from the center to any point of the circle is called
the radius.
If A = C and B = 0 in equation (1), the said equation is
transformed into

(2)

, 0
2 2
= + + + + F Ey Dx Ay Ax
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Which is the general form for the equation of the
circle. By completing the square, any equation
in general form which represents circle can be
written in the standard form.

(3)
Where (h, k) is the center of the circle and r is its
radius (Fig. 1). If the center of the circle is at the
origin (h = 0; k = 0), equation (3) is reduced to

(4)

2 2 2
) ( ) ( r k y h x = +
2 2 2
r y x = +
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y
0
1 figure
2 2 2
) ( ) ( r k y h x = +
) , ( k h
r
x
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Example 1: Sketch the graph of the equation

Solution:
The given equation is in general form with B = 0 and A
= C, so the conic is circle. Reduce the given
equation to standard form by completing the
squares:

0 3 4 6
2 2
= + + y x y x
16 ) 2 ( ) 3 (
4 9 3 ) 4 4 ( ) 9 6 (
2 2
2 2 2
= + +
+ + = + + + + +
y x
y y x y x
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So, the center of the circle is at (3, -2) and the radius is 4. (Fig. 2)

16 ) 2 ( ) 3 (
2 2
= + + y x
4 = r
.
) 2 , 3 ( C
y
x
2 figure
Definition 2: An ellipse is the set of points on a
plane such that the sum of the distances of
any point P from two fixed points (called
foci) is constant.
An ellipse has two (perpendicular) axes of
symmetry; the longer of these is the major
axis and the shorter is the minor axis; the
point at which the axes intersect is the
center of the ellipse.
The general equation of an ellipse can be
written
(5)

0
2 2
= + + + + F Ey Dx Cy Ax
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(where A C and A and C are of the same sign).
The standard form of the equation of the ellipse with center
at the origin is:
(6)

If the center of the ellipse is at (h, k), the standard form is:
(7) Major axis parallel to the
x-axis

(8) Major axis parallel to the
y-axis

1
2
2
2
2
= +
a
x
a
x
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
k y
a
h x
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
h x
a
k y
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y y
x
x ) (a ) (b
) , ( k h
) , ( k h
a
a
b
b
Ellipse with major axis
parallel to the x-axis
( a > b)
Ellipse with major axis
parallel to the y-axis
3 Figure
the length of the major axis of the ellipse is 2a
and the length of the minor axis is 2b; a and
b are referred to as semi-axes. The
intersection of the axes is the center. When a
= b, the ellipse becomes a circle with radius r
= a = b.
Example 2: sketch the graph of the equation

.

0 144 72 24 9 4
2 2
= + + x y x y
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Solution: A = 9, b =0, c = 4.

Likewise, A C and A and C have the same sign they
are both positive; therefore, the conic is an
ellipse.

reducing the given equation to standard form:

. 0 144 ) 4 )( 9 ( 4 0 4
2 2
< = = AC B
36 ) 4 ( 9 ) 3 ( 4
144 36 144 ) 16 8 ( 9 ) 9 6 ( 4
144 ) 8 ( 9 ) 6 ( 4
2 2
2 2
2 2
= +
+ + = + + +
= +
x y
x x y y
x x y y
+
1 = dividing both sides by 36
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The coordinates of the center are (4, 3); a = 3, b = 2. The graph is
constructed in figure 4.

.
. .
.
3 = a
2 = b
) 3 , 6 (
) 3 , 2 (
2 = b
) 3 , 4 (
0
y
x
) 0 , 4 (
4 Figure
Definition 3: a parabola is the set of all points
which are equidistant from fixed point
(called the focus) on a plane and fixed line
called the directrix.
A parabola is symmetric about a line called its
axis. The point of intersection of the
parabola and its axis is the vertex of the
parabola. The vertex is the point midway
between the focus and the directrix.
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The general equation of a parabola is:
if the axis is parallel
to the y-axis
if the axis is parallel
to the x-axis
Standard forms:
the equation of a parabola with vertex at the
origin and focus at (a, 0) is:
(1)
the parabola opens to the right if a > 0 and opens
to the left if a <0.
(2)
ay x 4
2
=
0
2
= + + + F Ey Dx Cy
ax y 4
2
=
ay x 4
2
=
The equation of a parabola with vertex
at (h, k) and focus at (h + a, k) is:
(3)
the parabola opens to the right if a > 0 and
opens to the left if a < 0.
The equation of a parabola with vertex at (h, k)
and focus at (h, k + a) is:
(4)
the parabola opens upward if a > 0 and opens
downward if a < 0.

) ( 4 ) (
2
h x a k y =
) ( 4 ) (
2
k y a h x =
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Example 3: draw the graph of the equation

Solution: the given equation is in general form with A
= 0, B = 0, C = 1.
.
Hence, the conic is a parabola.
Reducing the given equation o standard form:

0 25 6 8
2
= + + y x y
0 ) 1 )( 0 ( 4 0 4
2 2
= = AC B
) 2 ( 8 ) 3 (
16 8 ) 3 (
9 25 8 9 6
25 8 6
2
2
2
2
+ =
=
+ = +
=
x y
x y
x y y
x y y
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The axis of the parabola is parallel to the x-axis; the vertex is at (-2, 3).
(Fig. 5)

(coincides with the
y-axis)

.
.
.
.
.
.
) 7 , 4 (
) 3 , 4 (
) 3 , 2 ( V
) 1 , 4 (
x
y
0
directrix
focus
axis
5 Figure
Definition 4: a hyperbola is the set of points on
a plane such that the difference of the
distance of each point of set from two fixed
points (called foci) on the plane is constant.
A hyperbola has two (perpendicular) axes of
symmetry; the axis that intersects the
hyperbola is its transverse axis; the point at
which the axes intersect is the center of the
hyperbola. A hyperbola always has two
branches.

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The general equation of a hyperbola can be written

(where A and C are opposite in sign.)
Standard forms:
(1) Where (h, k) is the
center of the
hyperbola and the
transverse axis is
parallel to the x-axis.
(2) Where (h, k) is the
center and the
transverse axis is
parallel to the y-axis.

0
2 2
= + + + + F Ey Dx Cy Ax
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
k y
a
h x
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
h x
a
k y
If the center of the hyperbola is at the origin, the equation is:
(3)
1
2
2
2
2
=
b
x
a
x
.
.
y y
x x
) , ( k h
) , ( k h
transverse axis
transverse axis
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
k y
a
h x
(1)
1
) ( ) (
2
2
2
2
=
b
h x
a
k y
(2)
6 Figure
Example 4: Sketch the graph of the equation

Solution: the given equation is in general form
with A = -4, B = 0,C =12.

Likewise, A and C have opposite signs.
Therefore, the conic is a hyperbola.

0 44 72 4 12
2 2
= + + y x y
0 199 ) 12 )( 4 ( 4 0 4
2 2
> = = AC B
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Reduce the given equation to standard form:

The center of the hyperbola is at (2, -3); a = 2, b =
23; transverse axis is parallel to the y-axis
(fig. 7)

48 ) 2 ( 4 ) 3 ( 12
16 108 44 ) 4 4 ( 4 ) 9 6 ( 12
44 16 4 72 12
2 2
2 2
2 2
= +
+ = + + +
= + +
x y
x x y y
x y y
1 =
dividing both sides by
48
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y
x
0
(2, -3)
a = 2
7 Figure
Example 1: Solve the system by graphing:

x
2
+ y
2
= 25
x + y = 5

Solution:
Equation 1 of the system is a circle with a center at the origin
and radius of 5.

Equation 2 is a line with intercepts (0,5) and (5,0).

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Example 2: Solve graphically the system
2x
2
y + 3 = 0
x + y = 6

Solution:
In equation (1), A=2, B=0, C=0
B
2
4AC = 0
2
4 (2) (0) = 0
So the graph of the equation (1) is a parabola which
opens upward (since a >0).
Reducing the given equation to standard form:
2x
2
= y 3
x
2
= (y 3)
or (x 0)
2
= (y 3). So the vertex is at (0,
3). The graph of equation (2) is a line with
intercepts (0, 6) and (6, 0).
From the figure, the solution set is: {(1, 5), (-3/2,
15/2)}
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Algebraic Solution

Case 1: A System of Two Equations of the Form

Ax
2
+ By
2
= C

The procedure is similar to that used in solving a system
of linear equations. The solution can be obtained by
elimination using addition or subtraction, or by
substitution.

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Example 1: Solve the system:
x
2
y
2
= 5
2y
2
+ y
2
=22
Solution: Eliminate y
2
by addition:
x
2
y
2
= 5
2x
2
+ y
2
= 22
3x
2
= 27
x
2
= 9
x = 3
Substitute x
2
= 9 into the first equation:
9 y
2
= 5
y
2
= 4
y = 2
Solution Set: {(3,2), (3, -2), (-3,2),(-3,-2)}
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Case 2: A System Containing a Linear
Equation and a Quadratic Equation

(The best procedure here is to substitute from
the linear equation to the other.)


2x
2
y + 3 = 0
x + y = 6

Solution: Solve the second equation for y and
substitute the result in equation 1:
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2x
2
y + 3 = 0
x + y = 6
Solution: Solve the second equation for y and substitute the
result in equation 1:
y = 6 x

2x
2
(6 x) + 3 = 0
2x
2
6 + x + 3 = 0
2x
2
+ x 3 = 0
(2x + 3) (x 1) = 0
2x + 3 = 0; x 1 = 0
x = -3/2; x = 1
When x = - 3/2,
y = 6 x = 6 (-3/2) = 6 + 3/2 = 12 + 3 = 15
3
2
When x = 1
y = 6 x = 6 1 = 5
Therefore the solution set of the system is {(-3/2, 15/2), (1,5)}
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Example 3: Solve the system of equations

x
2
xy + y
2
7 = 0
x 2y +1 = 0

Solution: Solving the linear equation for x and substituting the
result in the quadratic equation:

(2y 1)
2
y (2y 1) + y
2
7 = 0
3y
2
3y 6 = 0
y
2
y 2 = 0
(y 2) (y + 1) = 0
y 2 = 0; y + 1 = 0
y = 2; y = - 1
When y =2

x = 2y 1 = 2(2) - 1 = 4 1 = 3

When y = - 1,

x = 2y 1 = 2 (-1) 1 = -2 1 = -3

Therefore the solution set of the system is {(-3, -1), (3, 2)}.

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Case 3: A System of Two Equations of the Form

Ax
2
+ Bxy + Cy
2
= D

There are two cases to be considered here:

If D 0, factor the quadratic equation, right side of which is 0.
If D 0, Eliminate the constant term on the right side.

Example 4: Solve the system

x
2
+ y
2
= 16
2x
2
3xy + y
2
= 0

Solution: Factor equation (2), right side of which is 0, and solve
for y:

2x
2
3xy +y
2
= 0
(2x y) (x y) = 0
2x y = 0; x y = 0
y = 2x; y = x
(Cont)
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Substituting y = 2x in equation (1):
x
2
+ (2x)
2
= 16
x
2
+ 4x
2
= 16
5x
2
= 16
x
2
= 16/5
x = 4/5
Substituting y = x in equation (1):

x
2
+ x
2
= 16
2x
2
= 16
x
2
= 8
x = 2 2
When x = 4/5 5,
y = 2(4/55) = 8/5 5
When x = -4/5 5,
y = 2(-4/5 5) = -8/5 5
When x = 22, y = 22

When x = -2 2, y = - 2 2

Therefore, the solution set of the system is

{(4/55, 8/5 5), (- 4/55, - 8/5 5), (2 2, 2 2), (- 2 2, - 2 2)}

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Example 5: Solve the system

4x
2
xy + y
2
= 10
2x
2
xy + y
2
= 8

Solution: Multiplying both sides of equation 1 by 4 and equation
2 by 5.

16x
2
4xy + 4y
2
= 40
10x
2
5xy + 5y
2
= 40
6x
2
+ xy y
2
+ 0 Eliminate the constant term on
the right side by
subtraction.
(3x y) (2x + y) = 0 factoring the left side
3x y = 0; 2x + y = 0
y = 3x; y = - 2x

(Cont)

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Substitute these values of y in any of the two given equations:

When y = 3x, When y = - 2x,
2x
2
x (3x) + (3x)
2
= 8 2x
2
x (-2x) + (-2x)
2
= 8
2x
2
3x2 + 9x
2
= 8 2x
2
+ 2x
2
+ 4x
2
= 8
8x
2
= 8 8x
2
= 8
x
2
= 1 x
2
= 1
x = 1 x =
1

When x = 1: When x = 1:
y = 3 (1) = 3 y = -2 (1) = 2
When x = - 1 When x = - 1
y = 3 (-1) = -3 y = -2 (-
1) = 2

Therefore, the solution set of the system is

{(1, 3), (-1, -3), (1, - 2), (1, 2)}.

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APPLICATIONS OF QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

Example 1: One-fourth of the product of two consecutive positive even
integers is 56. Find the integers.

Solution: Let x = the first positive even integer
x + 2 = the second positive even integer
Equation:
x (x + 2) = 56 or x(x + 2) = 56
4
Clearing the fraction and solving for x:
x (x + 2) = 224
x
2
+ 2x 224 = 0
(x 14) (x + 16) = 0
x 14 = 0; x + 16 = 0
x = 14; x = - 16

Since x must be positive, we reject -16.
Thus, x = 14 is the first positive even integer.
x + 2 = 14 + 2 = 16 is the second positive even integer.
Check:
14(14+2) = 14(16) = 224 = 56
4 4 4
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Example 2: Find the dimensions of a rectangle, area of
which is 36 square inches and its length exceed its
width by 5 inches.

Solution: Let x = width of the rectangle
x + 5 = length of the rectangle

The area of a rectangle is the product of its length and its
width, so
x (x + 5) = 36
x
2
+ 5x 36 = 0
(x + 9) (x 4) = 0
x= -9; x = 4
A negative width is not possible, so x = - 9 is rejected.
Thus, x = 4 is the width of the rectangle;
x + 5 = 4 + 5 = 9 is the length of the rectangle.

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Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 3: A man drove 600 miles to a business convention. On
the return trip, he increased his speed by 10 miles per hour
and saved 2 hours of driving time. How fast did he go in
each direction?

Solution:
Let s = mans speed (in miles per hour) driving to the
convention
S + 10 = his speed (in miles per hour) on his return trip.

We can organize the information given in this problem as follows:

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Recall: The distance, d, travelled by an object moving a
distance rate, r, for a certain time, t, given by the
formula

d = rt. Thus, t = d/r

Since 2 hours of driving time is saved, the desired
equation therefore, is:

600 - 600 = 2
S s + 10

Multiplying both side of the equation by the LCD = s(s +
10),
600(s + 10) 600s = 2s
2
+ 20s
600s + 6000 600s = 2s
2
+ 20s
2s
2
+ 20s 6000 = 0
S
2
+ 10s 3000 = 0
(s 50) (s + 60) = 0
S = 50; s = -60(rejected)
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Multiplying both side of the equation by the LCD = s(s +
10),
600(s + 10) 600s = 2s
2
+ 20s
600s + 6000 600s = 2s
2
+ 20s
2s
2
+ 20s 6000 = 0
S
2
+ 10s 3000 = 0
(s 50) (s + 60) = 0
S = 50; s = -60(rejected)

Therefore, the man drove 50 miles per hour to the
convention, and s + 10 = 50 + 10 = 60 miles per hour
on his return trip.
Check:

A 600-mile trip at 50 miles per hour would take
600/50 or 12 hours. At 60 miles per hour, the trip
would take 600/60 or 10 hours, which is 2 hours less.

Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Example 4: Find the two numbers such that twice the first
added to the second gives 10, and their sum of
squares is 25.

Solution: Let x = first number
Y = second number

The desired equations are:

2x + y = 10
x
2
+ y
2
= 25

Solving for y in terms of x in the first equation:

y = 10 2x

Then, substituting this in the second equation:

x
2
+ (10 2x)
2
= 25
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Simplifying and solving for x:

x
2
+ 100 40 x + 4x
2
= 25
5x
2
40x + 75 = 0
x
2
8x + 15 = 0
(x 3)(x 5) = 0
x = 3; x = 5

If x = 3,

y = 10 2(3) = 10 6 = 4
If x = 5,
y = 10 2(5) = 10 10 =0

Answer to the problem:

The first number can be 3 and the second can be 4; or
the first number can be 5 and the second can be 0.
Quadratic Equations
Complex Numbers
Solving Quadratic
Solving Quadratic
Equations by
Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
Quadratic Equations
Sum and Product of
the Roots
Equations in
Quadratic Form
Radical Equations
Quadratic Curves
Systems involving
Quadratic Equations
Applications
Quadratic Equations
Prepared By:
Group 6
Charmaine Cajayon
Danica Gamalo
Jessy Grace Allison Mendoza
Shieka Sandoval
Prince Batalon
Simplicio Realon

Group6Chapter6Quadratic Equations

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