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The Filipinos began to fight the Spaniards the moment they settled permanently in 1565 and continued this resistance to the end of their rule in 1898.
The Philippine Revolt patterns must be treated holistically and not separately.
Personal religious
and
Personal Motives
The revolts were personally led by former barangay datus and maharlikas, as well as babaylans and katalonas, who had lost their prestige and power in their communities with the coming of the Spaniards, and were supplanted by leaders chosen by the Spaniards and by the Spanish friars.
Personal Motives
Lakandula and Soliman Revolt in 1574 due to sequestration of their landed properties and even toleration of the encomenderos abuse and oppression of their people. The conspiracy of the maharlikas headed by Agustin de Legazpi and Martin Pangan.
Personal Motives
In 1621-22, an outlawed babaylan, Tamblot of Bohol employed magic and religion in alluring the unbelieving people to abandon Christianity and to return to their former beliefs. In no time, he was crushed by Juan de Alcarazo, alcalde mayor of Cebu.
Personal Motives
The rebellion in Carigara (Leyte), led by Bankaw, Datu of Limasawa Francisco Dagohoys revolt in Bohol. This was the longest revolt in Philippine history taking 85 years to quell (17441829). Silang Revolt in Ilocos Palaris Revolt in Pangasinan Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan
Religious Motives
Two Christianized Isnegs of Northwest Cagayan, Miguel Lanab and Alalaban of Capinatan (Apayao), revolted in 1625, by mutilating and beheading the Dominicans Fr. Alonzo Garcia and Bro. Onofre Palao. A nativist revolt with religious overtones was led by Tapar in Oton, Iloilo, whom proclaimed himself, God Almighty.
Religious Motives
The Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan in October 1718 led by Francisco Rivera, a vissionary who appropriated for himself the title of Papa Rey. Ermano Apolinario de la Cruzs revolt which was divided into two phases: phase 1 from 18321841 was from the founding of the Confradia de San Jose in 1832 to the death of Dela Cruz in 1841, and phase 2 from 1870- 71, with the revival of the Confradia in 1870, terminating with the revolt and capture of Januario Labios in 1871.
Place
Tondo, Navotas
Cause
Failure of Gov. Lavezares to fulfill Legazpis promise to Lakandula
Abuses of Spanish Encomienderos Desire for Independence
Leader
Result
Lakandula Failed
Pampanga
1585
Pampanga
Failed. A woman betrayed the revolt. Magat Salamat, Martin Pangan, Juan Banal, Pedro Balingit Failed because the plot was discovered. Leaders were executed.
Todo
Place
Cause
Leader
Result
Failed. Easily suppressed.
Cagayan, Refusal to pay Ilocos Norte tributes, tyranny of tribute collectors Cagayan Abuses of the Tribute Collectors Desire for religious toleration Magalat
Magalat
1596
Igorot
1601
Northern Luzon
Irrayas
1621
Cagayan Valley
Place
Cause
Leader
Result
It was suppressed by the Spaniards and Cebuanos. Failed
Desire to Babaylan abandon Tamblot Christianity and return to old religious faith Desire for Religious Toleration Bankaw Pagali
Bankaw
1621
Leyte
Cagayan
Desire for Miguel independence Lanab, and punishment Aldaban of a woman whom displeases certain Spanish officials
Failed. Leaders were pardoned and later killed when they revolted anew.
Place
Cause
Dissatisfaction of townspeople to Spanish rule Dissatisfaction with Spanish rule
Leader
Result
Failed
Cagayan
Ladia
1643
Malolos, Weariness from Bulacan and Spanish Southern oppression Luzon Caused by Gov. Fajardos order to send Visayan laborers tyo Cavite for shipbuilding
Visayan
Place
Cause
Failure of officials to pay rice purchased; repeated requirements for polo y servico
Leader
Francisco Maniago
Result
General amnesty granted to rebels. Initial payment for services. Failed
Pangasinan 1660- Binalatongan, Quarrel 1661 Pangasinan between Fr. Gorospe and Malong Ilocos 1661 San Nicolas, Spanish Bacarra, aggression Laog, Ilocos
Andres Malong and Pedro Gumpaos Juan Magsanop, Pedro Almazan and Gaspar Cristobal
Place
Cause
Leader
Result
It was suppressed. Failed
Oton, Panay Desire to put up Tapar a modified form of Christianity Usurpation of Filipino lands by religious orders Refusal of Fr. Morales to give Dagohoys brother a Christian Burial Desire to expel the Spaniards from Ilocos Matienza
Agrarian
1745- Bulacan, 1746 Morong (Rizal), Cavite, Laguna 1744- Bohol 1828
Dagohoy
Francisco Dagohoy
Silang
Place
Cause
Demand for reforms especially the changing of local officials Government monopoly of basi manufacturing
Leader
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris Pedro Mateo
Result
Failed. Palaris was executed Failed. Rebels were crushed by government troops.
Basi
Hermano Pule
Being a native, Pule was denied to be admitted as a monk. He founded the religious brotherhood, Confradia De San Jose, which the government outlawed and ordered to be dissolved.
Moro Resistance
Most united groups were the Muslims. They were bounded by Islam. Continuous military expeditions failed to subdue them. They fought back by raiding the coastal towns under Spain.
Nationalism
It is the love of ones country and people. It is a feeling of oneness that binds the people to a common past and a common identity. It includes pride in ones cultural heritage, support for the countrys aspirations, patriotism and advocacy of national independence.
1. Influx of liberal ideas from Europe 2. Introduction of modern technology 3. The opening of Philippines to world trade 4. The opening of the Suez Canal traveling to other countries exposed the Filipinos to modern ideas of liberty. 5. The rise of new middle class- occupied a high position in society because of their wealth and prestige. They also criticized the unequal treatment of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.
6.Secularization Issue
Two kinds of priest during the Spanish Regime a.Regular- Spanish priests who belong to any of the religious orders. b.Secular- Priest who obtained their religious training in the Philippines who were under the direct control of the bishops and archbishops. Filipino priests were not only denied access to the parishes but some of them were removed from their parishes to accommodate the regulars . This event turned out to be a racial discrimination against Filipino secular priests.
7. Cavite Mutiny- Soldiers and workers at the Cavite Arsenal rebelled against the withdrawal of their privileges of nonpayment of taxes and exemption from forced labor. 8. Trial and execution of GOMBURZA 9. Disillusionment over Spanish rulecommon sufferings under tyrannical rule of the Spaniards fostered a feeling of unity among Filipinos.