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Op Amp Review
Widely used Often requires 2 power supplies + V Responds to difference between two signals
Ideal op-amp
Characteristics of an ideal op-amp Rin = infinity Rout = 0 Avo = infinity (Avo is the open-loop gain, sometimes A or Av of the op-amp) Bandwidth = infinity (amplifies all frequencies equally)
V+
Seems strange, but the input terminals to an op-amp act as a short and open at the same time
Inverting configuration
I1
Summing Amplifier
Current in R1, R2, and R3 add to current in Rf (V1-V)/ R1 + (V2-V)/ R2 + (V3-V)/R3 = (V - Vo)/ Rf Set V = V+ = 0, V1/ R1 + V2/ R2 + V3/ R3 = o / Rf V Vo = - Rf(V1 / R1 + V2 / R2 + V3 / R3) solve for Vo, This circuit is called a weighted summer
V1 V2 V3 R1 R2 R3
Rf
Integrator
I2
I1 = (Vi - V)/R1
d (V Vo ) C dt I2 =
set I1 = I2, (Vi - V)/R1 =
I1
d (V Vo ) dt
dV but V- = V+ = 0 o C
Vi/R1 =
dt
Noninverting configuration
(0 - V)/R1 = (V - Vo)/R2 But, Vi = V+ = V , (- Vi)/ R1 = (Vi - Vo)/R2 Solve for Vo, (- Vi)/R1 - (-Vi)/R2 = (-Vo)/R2 Vi (1/R1+ 1/R2) = (Vo)/R2 Vo = Vi (R2/R1+ R2/R Vo = Vi(1+R2/R1)
Vi I I
Buffer amplifier
Isolates input from output
Vi = V+ = V = Vo Vo = Vi
op amp model.
V+ = V I + = I = 0
OR
Solve
Difference amplifier
Use superposition,
set V
Vo
= 0, solve for
(noninverting
Difference amplifier
V2 R4/(R3+R4)
Difference amplifier
V01 = -(R2/R1)V1
Add
0
V =V
+ V02
R2 R2 R4 V1 Vo = V2 1 + R R1 R3 + R4 1
If
R1 = R2 = R3 = R 1 4 Vo = V2 ( 1 + 1) V1 ( 1) = V2 V1 2