COLLEGE OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES,BIKANER DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY

FLAVIVIRIDAE & CSFV

Click to edit Master subtitle styleSUBMITTED TO :Dr. Sunil Maherchandani By:- Tara Chand Nayak

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CLASSIFICATION & TOXONOMY

Flaviviruses have been subdivided by the ICTV into three genera: Genus Flavivirus Genus Pestivirus Genus Hepacivirus

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Enveloped, spherical, about 50 nm in diameter. The surface proteins are arranged in an icosahedral-like symmetry.

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GENOME
Monopartite,

linear, ssRNA(+) genome of about 9.7-12 kb. The genome 3 terminus is not polyadenylated but forms a loop structure. The 5 end has a methylated nucleotide cap (allows for translation) or a genome-linked protein (VPg).

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GENE EXPRESSION
The

virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and the viral messenger RNA. The whole genome is translated in a polyprotein, which is processed co- and posttranslationally by host and viral proteases.

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REPLICATION
CYTOPLASMIC Virus

attaches to host receptors and is endocytosed into vesicles in the host cell. Fusion of virus membrane with the vesicle membrane; RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm. The positive-sense genomic ssRNA is translated into a polyprotein, which is cleaved into all structural and non structural proteins.
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 Replication

takes place at the surface of endoplasmic reticulum. A negative-sense complementary ssRNA is synthesized using the genomic RNA as a template. New genomic RNA is synthesized using the negative-sense RNA as a template. Virus assembly occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion buds at the endoplasmic reticulum, is transported to the Golgi apparatus, and then bud from the cell membrane
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Classical Swine Fever

Hog Cholera, Peste du Porc, Colera Porcina, Virusschweinepest

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Overview
Organism Economic

Impact Epidemiology Transmission Clinical Signs Diagnosis and Treatment Prevention and Control Actions to Take

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ORGANISM
Classical

Swine Fever Virus Family Flaviviridae

Genus Pestivirus
Lipid-enveloped,

RNA virus Varies in virulence Environmentally stable

single-stranded

In tissues (meat) Cold temperatures

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History
First

confirmed in US, 1833

Endemic in late 19th and 20th century Eradicated by late 20th

Reported

in the UK, 1864 Recognized in 36 countries Eradication

Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US Most of western and central Europe

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Economic Impact
Impact Loss

on production

Pigs and pork products

of import and export markets

Control

Quarantine and slaughter

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Epidemiology
South

& Central America, Mexico Parts of Africa and Caribbean islands Much of Asia Recent outbreaks
Russia Bulgaria

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Morbidity and Mortality

Age

and immune status important Varies with viral strain

Acute Subacute Chronic
High mortality (up to 100%) Lower morbidity and mortality rates Few animals affected always fatal

Some cases are asymptomatic

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Animal Transmission
Highly

contagious

Blood, saliva, urine, feces, tissues

Transmission

Ingestion of contaminated garbage or meat products Direct or indirect contact (fomites) Less common: aerosol, semen, vectors
Infected

pigs are the only reservoir

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Clinical Signs
CSFV

only infects pigs Incubation period: 2 to 14 days Disease variable

Acutely fatal to asymptomatic
Persistent

viremia

Congenitally infected piglets Shed the virus for months

Signs

mimic other swine diseases

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Clinical Signs: Acute Disease

High

fever (105oF) Huddling, weakness Anorexia Conjunctivitis Diarrhea Staggering Cyanosis Skin hemorrhages Death

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Clinical Signs: Subacute/Chronic Disease

Subacute Chronic

Similar to acute form, but symptoms less severe Pigs may survive Anorexia, depression, fever, diarrhea Poor reproductive performance including abortions, stillbirths, and deformities Persistently infected piglets

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Post Mortem Lesions: Acute Disease

Highly

variable Hemorrhage Necrotic foci in tonsils Petechiae/ecchymoses on serosal and mucosal surfaces
Kidney, larynx, trachea, intestines, spleen, lungs

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Post Mortem Lesions: Chronic Disease

Necrotic

foci

(button

ulcers)
Intestinal mucosa Epiglottis Larynx
Congenital

infection

Photo courtesy of Dr. R. Panciera, Oklahoma State University

Cerebellar hypoplasia, thymic atrophy, hemorrhages, deformities

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Diagnosis
Suspect

Septicemia and high fever History of garbage/scrap feeding

CSF in pigs with:

Diagnosis

impossible without laboratory confirmation Tonsil samples should be sent with every submission to your state diagnostic lab

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Diagnostic Tests
Detect

virus, antigens, nucleic acids

Tissue samples (tonsils, spleen, kidneys, distal ileum) Whole blood ELISA or direct immunofluorescence
Serology

ELISA or virus neutralization Comparative neutralization test**

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Treatment
Slaughter Area

restrictions on pig movements Vaccination (live attenuated vaccines)

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Prevention and Control

Quarantine Suspicion

or diagnosis

Confirmed cases, contact animals slaughtered Strict quarantine imposed to prevent spread of disease

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Disease Control
Disinfectants

Virus

Sodium hypochlorite Phenolic compounds Drying Ultraviolet light pH <3 or >11

sensitive to

Killed

150oF for 30 minutes; 160oF 1 minute

at high temperatures

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Prevention
Do

not feed uncooked garbage or meat products to swine Minimize visitors on the farm
Especially those who have traveled internationally in the last 5 days
Implement

biosecurity measures

Clean/disinfect boots Clean coveralls

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Prevention
Monitor

animals for illness or signs of disease

Clean

Inspect animals daily Report sick animals Vehicles Equipment Boots and clothing

and disinfect

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Prevention
Isolate

ill animals immediately Quarantine newly introduced animals

Minimum of 30 days New purchases, returning animals
Keep

health records on every animal

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Thank you!

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