-The future nano surgeons

Submitted by, S.Suganya (4th year ICE) D.Archana Thilagavathy (4th year ICE) A.V.C college of engineering

ABSTRACT:
Like primitive engineers faced with advanced technology, medicine must catch up' with the technology level of the human body before it can become really effective. Since the human body is basically an extremely complex system of interacting molecules .

The technology required to truly understand and repair the body is molecular machine technology.
Nanotechnology is Research and technology development at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular levels in the length scale of approximately 1 -100 nanometer range.

INTRODUCTION
This paper will describe a micro/nano scale medical robot that is within the range of current engineering technology. It is intended for the treatment and/or elimination of medical problems where accumulation of undesired organic substances interferes with normal bodily function. In this paper, we will describe a Nano Robot that can be created with existing technology that can be used to seek out and destroy inimical tissue within the human body that cannot be accessed by other means.

NANOMEDICINE:
It is the application of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease in the human bodies. More specifically, it is the use of engineered nano devices and nanostructures to monitor, repair, construct and control the human biological system on a molecular level.

The most elementary of nano medical devices will be used in the diagnosis of illnesses
Lastly, the most advanced nano medicine involves the use of Nanorobots as miniature surgeons. Such machines might repair damaged cells, or get inside cells and replace or assist damaged intracellular structures.

Introduce the device into the body:

We need to find a way of introducing the nano machine into the body, and allowing it access to the operations site without causing too much ancillary damage. We have already made the decision to gain access via the circulatory system.

The first is that the size of the nano machine determines the minimum size of the blood vessel that it can traverse.

This requires that we gain access to a large diameter artery that can be traversed easily to gain access to most areas

of the body in minimal time. The obvious candidate is the femoral artery in the leg. This is in fact the normal access point to the circulatory system for operations that require access to the bloodstream for catheters, dye injections, etc., so it will suit our purposes.

Move the device around the body: We start with a basic assumption: that we will use the circulatory system to allow our device to move about. We must then consider two possibilities: (a) carried to the site of operations,(b) to be propelled.

There are a number of means available for active propulsion of our device. 1. Propeller 2. Cilia/flagellae 3. Crawl along surface

For any of these techniques to be practical, they must each meet certain requirements:
The device must be able to move at a practical speed against the flow of blood. The device must be able to move when blood is pooling rather than flowing steadily. The device must be able to move in surges, so as to be able to get through the heart without being stuck, in the case of emergencies. The device must either be able to react to changes in blood flow rate so as to maintain position, or somehow anchor itself to the body so as to remain unmoving while operating.

Movement of the device : The next problem to consider is exactly how to detect the problem tissue that must be treated. We need two types of sensors.

Long-range sensors will be used to allow us to navigate to the site of the unwanted tissue.
We must be able to locate a tumor, blood clot or deposit of arterial plaque closely enough so that the use of short-range sensors is practical. These would be used during actual operations, to allow the device to distinguish between healthy and unwanted tissue. Another important use for sensors is to be able to locate the position of the microrobot in the body.

The some of the external sensors are

1)Ultrasonic 2)NMR/MRI 3)X-ray

Power to NanoRobot:
In this case, the power would be transmitted to the microrobot from outside the body. This can be done in a number of different ways, but it boils down to two possibilities. The first is to transmit the power by means of a physical connection, and the second, of course, is to transmit it without a physical connection.

(a)Physical connection (b)No physical connection

We are transmitting power to the microrobot without the use of wires or any sort of physical means to transfer the power. 1. Ultrasonic 2. Induced magnetic

Application of nanorobots :

1. Tumors:

4. Kidney stones:

2. Arteriosclerosis:

5. Liver stones:
3. Blood clots:

THE ADVANTAGES OF NANOMEDICINE:

1. Speed of Medical Treatment 2. Non-degradation of Treatment Agents 3. Control of Nano medical Treatment 4. Faster and More Precise Diagnosis 5. Verification of Progress and Treatment 6. Minimum Side Effects

CONCLUSION: Nano medicine will eliminate virtually all common diseases of the 20th century, virtually all medical pain and suffering, and allow the extension of human capabilities -most especially our mental abilities. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, no actual working nano robot has yet been built. Many theoretical designs have been proposed that look good on paper, but these preliminary designs could change significantly after the necessary research, development and testing has been completed.

THANK YOU

QURIES?