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S U B M I T T E D B YB . T E C H 4 TH Y R
INTRODUCTION
The project named IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
SOFTWARE USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING aims at converting the colored image into a free hand drawing image. Java language has been chosen for implementation because of its features of platform independent, secure and robust. The project is mainly divided into 3 modules:
3. Negative
4. Grayscale conversion 5. Rotate
Brightness
This operation increases the brightness level or gray scale of the image pixels by multiplying them by a multiplying factor which is 1.5(user adjustable ). For this following are used:Class RescaleOp performs a pixel-by-pixel rescaling The scaled sample values are clipped to the minimum/maximum representable in the destination image. filter method Rescales the source BufferedImage If the color model in the source image is not the same as that in the destination image, the pixels will be converted in the destination. If the destination image is null, a BufferedImage will be created with the source ColorModel.
Original image
After brightening
difference between the centre pixel and the surrounding average added to it. In blurring we simply takes average of all pixel values in mask.
-1 -1 -1 -1 9 -1 -1 -1 -1 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9 1/9
Original image
Sharpened image
Original image
Blurred image
Negative
then inverts them by subtracting them from 255 It uses ShortLookupTable properties which contains data array. If there is only one array in the lookup table, it will be applied to all bands. All arrays must be the same size.
Original image
Negative image
Grayscale conversion
Class ColorSpace This abstract class is used to serve as a color space tag to identify the specific color space of a Color object.It contains methods that transform colors in a specific color space Class ColorConvertOp This class performs a pixel-by-pixel color conversion of the data in the source image. Color conversion can be specified via an array of ColorSpace objects.
Original image
Grayscale image
Rotate
We can rotate the image by applying affine
transformation on image received through affine transformation and getGraphics(). In varied angles around the centre pixel on image.
Original image
Rotated image
Sharpening Sharpening enhances the edges and corners in the image. So it helps to detect every edges and corners in the image completely.
Gradient estimation
The next task is to detect points of significant
gradient ( edges and corners). Edge detection is also a subclass of convolver. It also implements convolution using different kernals. we have discussed some edge detector kernals Sobel operator Prewitts operator Laplacian operator
Sobel Operator The operator consists of a pair of 33 convolution kernels as shown in Figure 1. One kernel is simply the other rotated by 90.
Prewitts operator: Prewitt operator is similar to the Sobel operator and is used for detecting vertical and horizontal edges in images.
gradient and negative gradient, to roughly detect the edge, we can simply keep either of the two gradients (a more accurate way is to detect the zero-crossing).
final smoothing
the thresholding step may make the difference between the contours and the background too abrupt.we adopt smoothing step to further blend the contours with the background and to link the broken contours.
Emboss Effect
conventional embossing method, the embossed image has similar results in both the gray scale image and the color image. Mask for embossing effect are following-
The selection of an embossing mask is dependent on the direction of the lighting such as 45, 90, or 135 degrees.
We are using mask with center value 1. this mask will maintain the color of the image
6 0 0
1
0
0 0 -6
convolution is implemented using embossing kernal.. This allows the output pixel to be affected by the immediate neighborhood in a way that can mathematically specified with a kernel.
References
A New Embossing Method for Color Images Ji-Hong Kim,Kwang-Eui Lee, Ki-Ryong Kwon AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PENCIL-SKETCH LIKE DRAWINGS FROM PERSONAL PHOTOS Jin Zhou and Baoxin Li
http://www.itgalary.com
http://docs.oracle.com
Thank you