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No stray losses. Steady state condition. Specific heat capacities are constant. Axial conduction neglected. Kinetic and potential energy changes neglected. No heat losses due radiation from outer surface is assumed. U for heat exchanger is constant. There is phase change during heat exchange.
Types of heat transfer surface: Finned surfaces Unfinned surfaces Depending on conduit geometry: Tubular Shell and Tube type Plate type
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
OPERATING PROCESS
ADVANTAGES
Compactness Flexibility Very high heat transfer coefficients on both sides of the exchanger Close approach temperatures and almost fully counter-current flow Ease of maintenance. Heat transfer area can be added or subtracted with out complete dismantling the equipment
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Given Data: Number of plates:21 No. of hot plates=11 No. of cold plates=11 Width of each plate=78mm Gap between plate=0.4mm Correction factor=0.95
Thi=Temp. of the hot fluid in Tho=Temp. of the hot fluid out Tci= Temp. of the cold fluid in Tco= Temp. of the cold fluid out c=Density of cold and h=Density of hot fluid Qh and Qc =Volumetric flow rate of hot and cold fluid respectively H=Height of plate W=Width of plate B=Gap. between plates Ac=Cross sectional area of plate P=Perimeter of plate n=No. of plates mh=Mass flow rate of hot fluid and mc=Mass flow rate of cold fluid uh= Hot fluid velocity and uc =Cold fluid velocity Reh = Reynlolds number dhyd = Hydraulic diameter ch=sp.heat of hot fluid and cc=sp.heat of cold fluid qh=heat given up by hot fluid and qc=heat absorbed by cold fluid.
OBSERVATION TABLE.
Sl. No.
Thi (C)
44.3 52.8 57.5
Tho (C)
37.7 43.7 48.8
Tci (C)
29 29.5 29.5
Tco (C)
40.7 38.4 36.9
Time reqd. for hot Time reqd. for water per litre(sec) cold water per litre(sec) 36.11 40.26 47.18 48.26 47.2 47.76
1 2 3
Qc =10-3/48.26=2.07*10-5
uh =Qh/(nh*W*B)
{where nh =11}
dhyd=(4*Ac)/p=(4W*B)/{2(W+B)} Where =(4Ac*)/p=(4W*B)/{2(W+B)} =hydraulic diameter, =viscosity at 40c} =0.0008m Reh=0.112*0.0008/(0.658*10-6 )=136.2 As reynolds number<<2300,the flow is laminar
Using , U=qavg/(A Tlm) A=nHW =21*0.208026*0.078=0.3407 m2 Tlm=F* Tlm,counter =Logarithmic mean temp.difference for counter flow arrangement Tlm,counter=(T2- T1)/(ln T2/ T1) Where, T2=Thi-Tco and T1=Tho-Tci T1=8.7 T2=3.6 Hence Tlm,counter=(3.6-8.7)/ln(3.6/8.7)=5.77 Tlm=0.95*5.77=5.49
DATA SUMMARY
U=1.0147*103/(0.3407*5.49)=259.76 W/m2K Similarly for the other two runs the following datas are obtained (*):RUN qh qc qavg Reh (Kwatt) (Kwatt) (Kwatt) 1.058 0.943 0.77 1.014 0.789 0.65 1.0147 0.866 0.71 136.2 98.3 92.2 U (W/m2 K) 259.76 187.17 109.9 Uh (m/sec) 0.112 0.072 0.062
1 2 3
(*)-The physical properties like density,viscosity,thermal conductivity are calculated at[Tmean (C)=40, 48.25, 53 For Run 1 , 2 , 3 respectively.]
GRAPH PLOTS
1/U
0.01 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 y = 0.015x - 0.030
1/U
0.005
0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 1/(Uh^1/3) 2 2.5 3
1
2 3
2406.5
1247.9 732.67
3.528
2.79 2.24
4.32
3.88 3.52
Nu/Pr^0.4
Series1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Last but not the least, a special word of thanks to the teachers and staff for their ever ready help and guidance without which this task would not be possible: Prof. Amitava Dutta Prof. Apurba Kr. Santra Prakash Sir Bireshwar Sir Mr .Atish Nandi
THANK YOU!!
Thi(C)=42. 2 Tho(C)=40.35 Tci(C)=34.5 Tco(C)=41.8 Qh=.076 3*10-5 m3/sec & Qc=0.019*10-5 m3/sec mh =0.075 mc =0.018 {kg/sec} qh = 582.75 qc = 551.8 qavg =567.315 {kwatt} uh =0.221m/sec Reh =268.58 Tlm =2.03 U=862.77