UNIVERSITY OF MAURITIUS

BSc. (Hons) Agriculture (Ssp. Aquaculture) Yr2

The Livestock Sector in Mauritius: Success or Failure?

AGRI2003: Agricultural Management, Economic Extensions and Systems Presented by: Prisha-1014955 Sachin-1010856

15th March 2012

Objectives & Contents

1.

2.
3. 4. 5.

6.

History Introduction Types of Production systems Breeds by species in Mauritius Poultry sector 1. Meat 2. Eggs Cattle 1. Milk 2. Meat

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Venison Pork Duck Goat Rabbit Heath Conclusion Referencing

History

Introduction

The livestock sector in Mauritius: poultry (meat and eggs) cattle (milk and meat) Pig Goats Deer Other species

Category Beef Goat & Sheep Pig Poultry Meat Eggs Fresh milk Dairy Products

1990 8.48 3.73 0.80 4.15 4.88

1999 5.97 4.56 0.84 4.98 8.30

14.32 17.89

10.85 6.96 11.71 14.07

Table1: Per capita consumption of livestock products (kg/year)Source(Digests of Agricultural Statistics 1991 and 2000, CSO)

Types of Production Systems

Intensive (Industrial) Semi-Intensive Backyard (extensive)

Major: Poultry Minor: Duck 2000 - 40 000 heads Output: meat, eggs
Major: Cattle Minor: Goats 100 1000 heads Output: Live animals Major: Pig >100 Heads Output: Meat Deer 500 2000 heads Farm (paddocks) Output: meat & live animals

Major: Poultry Minor: Duck 50 heads Output: Live chicken and eggs
Major: Minor: Goats 5 15 heads Output: Live animals Major: Pig Minor: Cattle, poultry 20 99 heads Output: Meat Deer 400 2000 heads Ranches Output: Meat

Major: Poultry
2 50 heads Output: Live chicken and eggs Major: Cattle Minor: Goats 1 5 heads Output: own consumption, milk Major: Pig Minor: cattle, poultry 2 19 heads Output: Meat Nil

Table2: Types of production System

Breeds by species in Mauritius

Species Cattle: Breeds Creole Friesian Mixed Zebu Local Boer Large White Landrace Local chicken Hybrids Rusa spp Systems Backyard Backyard, I.S. I.S.(Fattening) Backyard I.S Backyard, I.S. Backyard, I.S. Backyard I.S. I.S., S.I.S

Goats Pigs Poultry Deer Rabbit Sheep

Poultry Sector

Remarkable growth in local chicken meat production which increased from 12 500 t in 1990 to 33 000 t in 2005. Decrease in backyard production, diverted to commercial I.S. Self sufficiency exists in the poultry sector. 120 million eggs were produced in 2005. Increase in demand: Improved in standard of living Change in food habits Flourishing tourisms sector No religious taboo Advertising campaigns Price competitors Cheapest meat

Poultry Sector

Poultry Sector

Poultry Sector

Constraints:

Diseases (Avian Influenza) Increase in Price of Feeds and Cost of production Waste management and disposal

Future Development:

Protection from diseases (vaccination) protection against dumping from low cost producing countries

Conclusion:

The poultry sector is a success

Cattle
Milk Production steady decline in the number of Cattle (9600 head in year 2000 to 5800 heads in year 2006) Decreased in local milk production: 5 to 3.5 million L (2.2 % of the total consumption) Rise on demand: Imports of milk and milk products (22000 t yearly, Rs 2 billion)

Cattle
Milk Production Local development: Modern pasteurization (Government) Milk Marketing scheme Establishment of Surat Company Imports of live animals

Conclusion: Milk sector is a failure

Cattle
Meat Production Fresh beef supply: Small private companies (imports) Backyard farmers Drastic decline: 450t in 1990 240t in 2000 72t in 2005 Self sufficiency of 10% local consumption expected through:
Fattening of 1500 imported animals 600ha of fodder production Improved infrastructures Loan schemes Livestock insurance Training of farmers Review of Government policies Animal welfare

Cattle
Meat Production Constraints: Unavailability of calves for fattening. Unavailability of land. Lack of good quality fodder and high price of compounded feeds. Lack of economies of scale. Lack of financial incentives. High cost of production. Conclusion: Beef sector is a failure

Venison
Deer farming has established itself as a full-fledged economic activity. 60 production units: 50 extensive system (chassees) 10 feedlots (I.S.) Area occupied: 15 000ha private land- 60 000 heads 10 000ha States forest land- 10 000 heads Constraints: Lack of land Poaching Non compliance to EU- limits export Lack of efficient veterinary services High land rental

Venison
Future development: Increase production 40% (200t) Improve slaughter facilities to standards More feedlots systems Meat processing Strict laws on poaching Control of disease vectors

Conclusion: Venison sector is a success

Pork
Primary breeders from backyard system Evolution to intensive system 465 producers:18 000 heads (750 t) Self sufficiency: decreases 100%: 1991 1992 64 %: 2000 54%: 2005 (1062 t finished products imported: Rs 68M) 250t (local) and 650t (imported) pig meat processed locally

Pork
Constraints:
Poor management and feeding practices. Poor carcass quality. Unstructured marketing. Waste disposal (environmental norms). Unavailability of land. High feed cost.

Developments:
Restructuring of marketing system Supply of good stock animals Efficient veterinary services Lease of state lands Provision of loans Farmers training

Conclusion: The Pork Sector is a failure

Ducks
Local production by private companies (Importation and fattening of stock parents) The Ministry promoting consumption and capacity producing 1500 ducks weekly. 250 t (2006) of duck meat is produced annually. Demand for duck meat is increasing and expected to reach 600t by 2015. Supply of ducklings to farmers with provided trainings. Conclusion: the ducks sector is a success.

Goat
Mixture of local breed and introduced breeds : Jamna Pari Anglo-Nubian Boer However these introductions have not been successful : Unstructured breeding system exists at the farmers level Limited introduction of new breeds Boer goats(breed): Negative results(failure) Problems of disease cropped up in successive batches of imports( 1990s) Many animals had to be slaughtered.

Goat

Future development: This sector also is being reviewed. Importation of breeding stock to sell to farmers is being envisaged Genetic development (Cross breeding) Increased Meat production Constraints: Lack of good quality fodder. Lack of proper management system. Lack of marketing system and market structure. Inadequate veterinary support. Indiscriminate slaughter of animals. Unavailability of land. Conclusion: Goat sector is a failure

Sheep
Least important compared to the goats and the cattle. Introduced breeds: Dorper, Black Head Persian, Romanov, Vendeen, Causse du Lot, Blanc du Massif Central amongst others.

The Rodriguaise sheep from Rodrigues island was also introduced in Mauritius( without much success.) Sheep breeds (1980s) : The results have not been positive. The farmers could not manage these sensitive breeds properly. Today the sheep population consists: Dorper, the Black Head Persian and the crosses. Conclusion: The Sheep sector is a failure.

Rabbit
Traditional backyard rabbit production system by 272 farmers with 3400 rabbits. Potential success: Highest growth and reproduction rate amongst livestock species (richest source of protein-21/100g) Market: Meat consumption Pet industry Future developments: Choice cuts and processed meat Promotion of meat Integrated production and processing units Conclusion: The Rabbit sector is a success

Health
Legislation

and policy related to ethical concerns regarding the use and welfare of animals:

(Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act, 1982) MSPCA is responsible to enforce the legislation.

Govern

sanitary aspects, including quarantine measures.

Movement of all genetic resources (imported) is subject to control by the Veterinary Services (Quarantine Act, 1954). Free Veterinary service and medication.

Conclusion
Different

components of the local livestock industry have evolved in different directions depending on the species. Beef and dairy sector: Failure The pig industry: Failure Goat, and sheep sectors :Failure Rabbit and venison sector: Success The poultry (Chicken & Duck) industry :Success (Integrated Industry: from feed preparation to marketing of the poultry products)

Conclusion

Referencing

http://www.areu.mu/files/pub/areunssp.pdf ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/ann exes/.../ www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/en/.../se ctor_briefs/lsb_MUS.pdf www.gov.mu/portal/goc/moa/file/nonsugarb rief.pdf www.gov.mu/portal/sites/ncb/sids2005/agrix. htm www.mongabay.com/reference/country.../m auritius/ECONOMY.html

Questions