A presentation on THERMAL IMAGING

BySunil pratap singh B.Tech(EC) 0903231116

-SEE THE UNSEEN

Objective. Why Thermal Imaging ?? Introduction. History. Operation Principles. Thermal Cameras. Benefits & disadvantages. Applications and Future Scope. Conclusion. References.

ObjectiveTo get familiar with operation of THERMAL IMAGING processing in cameras and their various applications in present and upcoming scenario.

To see the objects that cant be seen from our normal eyes. For night vision. For alarming purpose. No alternative technology till now. Very crucial for safety purpose in gas leakage or such issues.

Energy in form of heat is called Thermal energy. A/c Black Body radiation All individual objects emits different amount of thermal energy. THERMAL IMAGING is a process in which an image is captured by capturing thermal energy whether it comes in visible region or outside it

1929 A Hungarian Klmn Tihanyi invented the 1st night vision electronic camera for anti-aircraft defense in Britain. 1956 -The first conventional IR camera, the "Evaporograph"was invented.

1997 - Seattle Fire Department used 1st thermal imaging camera

Infrared energy is part of e.m. spectrum radiation from gamma to radio waves. All objects emit a certain amount of black body radiation as a function of their temp.

More temp.

More Radiation by objects. More energy absorbed by thermal camera.

Thermal Image is made.

THERMAL IMAGING

INFRARED FILMS

For all types of objects i.e. hotter or cooler. Temp. ranges from -50C to 2000 C.

Only for hot objects. Temp. ranges from 250C to 500C.

A thermal imaging camera consists of five components: Opticsystem Detector Amplifier Signal processing Display

Fireservice specific thermal imaging cameras incorporate these components in a heat-resistant, ruggedized, and waterproof housing. These parts work together to render infrared radiation, such as that given off by warm objects or flames, into a visible light representation in real time. The camera display shows infrared output differentials, so two objects with the same temperature will appear to be the same "color".

Thermal image of hot balloon and a animal. Types of detectors :1) Cool Infrared detectors. 2)Uncooled Infrared detectors.

Cooled detectors are vacuum-sealed case and cryogenically cooled materials. Its operating temperatures range from 4 K to just below room temperature for the operation of the semiconductor materials used, depending on the detector technology used. Modern cameras operate in the 60 K to 100 K range, depending on type and performance level. Without cooling, these sensors (which detect and convert light in much the same way as common digital cameras) would be 'blinded' or flooded by their own radiation. Infrared photodetectors can be created with structures of high band gap semiconductors such as in Quantum well infrared photodetectors. Advantages:They provide superior image quality compared to uncooled ones Disadvantages:They are expensive both to produce and to run. Cooling is powerhungry and time-consuming. The camera may need several minutes to cool down before it can begin working.

Uncooled thermal cameras use a sensor operating at ambient temperature, or a sensor stabilized at a temperature close to ambient using small temperature control elements. Modern uncooled detectors uses sensors that works by the change of resistance, voltage or current when heated by infrared radiation. These changes are then measured and compared to the values at the operating temperature of the sensor. Uncooled infrared sensors can be stabilized to an operating temperature to reduce image noise. Advantages:They are not cooled to low temperatures thus dont require bulky, expensive cryogenic coolers. This makes infrared cameras smaller and less costly. Disadvantages :-Their resolution and image quality tend to be lower than cooled detectors. This is due to difference in their fabrication processes, limited by currently available technology

It shows a visual picture so that temps. over a large area can be compared. It is capable of catching moving targets in real time. It is able to find deteriorating, i.e., higher temperature components prior to their failure. It can be used to find defects in shafts, pipes, and other metal or plastic parts. It can be used to detect objects in dark areas.

Quality cameras often have a high price range (often US$6,000 or more). Accurate temperature measurements are hindered by differing emissivities and reflections from other surfaces. Only able to directly detect surface temperatures.

Astronomy, in devices such as the Spitzer Space. Telescope. Night vision. Firefighting operations. Military and police target detection & acquisition. Moisture detection in walls & roofs. Chemical imaging. Ghost hunting.

Night Vision In Telescopes

Astronomy

Military purposes

Ghost hunting is one of the most unusual app. Ex:-

It is a classical technique which enables us to detect any temp related variations. Till present with respect to other non destructive techniques this technique is safe, Non intrusive and non contact. It enables us to see and measure heat. It is the future in water damage. In future , IR is going to be more cost effective, faster response , time saving and money saving.

Wikipedia www.google.com www.scribd.com www.infraredbuildinginspections.com