SANTIAGO CALATRAVA

SCULPTURE INTO ARCHITECTURE

There was a wish to get something exceptional, ... I also wanted to deliver something technically unique.

SANTIAGO CALATRAVA

Santiago Calatrava was born in Valencia, Spain on July 28, 1951. Calatrava has less than two decades of designing amazing buildings, but he holds an impressive portfolio. Already well-known in Europe for his unique design aesthetic,. Starting with the Milwaukee Art Museum, he has designed a number of public buildings and bridges in the U.S. in recent years.

 As both Engineer and Architect, his works take materials like concrete, glass and steel beyond the normal bounds. Like many of his buildings, Calatrava's body of work is in constant motion. Calatrava gained a reputation for his ability to blend advanced engineering solutions with dramatic visual statements, in both bridges and buildings.

 Human figure is frequently the inspiration for calatravas work. the influence that the proportions of the human body has on his work. Calatravas bridges, like the Alamilo Bridge in Barcelona, seem to defy the principles of stability in their lightness and asymmetry. His steel, concrete, and glass public buildings, like the communications tower

COMMUNICATION TOWER, BARCELONA

 Designs from Santiago Calatrava included Bridges, Train Stations, Skyscrapers, Exposition Halls, Towers, Schools, and Museums In his architectural commissions, Calatrava used his knowledge of engineering to create innovative, sculptural structures, often in concrete and steel. He stated that nature served as his guide, inspiring him to create buildings that reflected

 Most influential contemporary spanish architect. His work transcends the traditional boundaries between art and architecture as well as between engineering and architecture. He was intensely interested in the architectural use of zoomorphic forms,

TURNING TORSO, SWEDEN

ANTHROPOMORPHIC TABLE

In the Planetarium in Valencia Science Centre (1991), the pool alongside the building reflects the semi-elliptical Planetarium, completing its form to the full shape of the eye.

 inspired by nature, featuring a combination of organic forms and technological innovation.

Among the many maritime elements in Calatrava's design are: movable steel louvers inspired by the wings of a bird; a cabled pedestrian bridge with a soaring mast inspired by the form os a sailboat

 Calatrava takes his inspiration from natural and human forms For the Lyon (France) Airport Railway Station (198994), he created a building that resembled a bird with outspread wings; the interior skeletal steel frame reinforced this birdlike effect. The bird allusion had symbolic meaning as well, since the station served as the end point of the

City of Arts and Sciences Valencia, Spain

The City of Arts and Sciences, developed by Santiago Calatrava, is a large-scale urban recreation center for culture and science The site for the project had been a lateindustrial landscape with abandoned buildings and a polluted riverbed, and was surrounded by several degraded neighborhoods.

As the site is close to the sea, and Valencia is so dry, I decided to make water a major element for the whole site using it as a mirror for the architecture. Santiago Calatrava

He thinks in such way that his building should be merging with the surrounding.

Visual aesthetics :Simple forms that capture the concept of movement Cost efficiency : expensive Materials : steel frame , glass and concrete Anthropomorphic forms- human characteristics Skeletal concrete forms- steel frames He abstracts his materials, preferring a white finish that gives uniformity to

Calatrava told the audience that he considers bridges to be places in their own right, not merely a device to connect two points. For me a bridge is like a balcony, on which a pedestrian can stand and enjoy the view, Calatrava stresses that he wants people to experience his bridges, to feel the patterns of movement and lighting as they traverse the This clearly shows that he is thinking in a unique length of the bridge. way that influence the people.

 HSB Turning Torso is the tallest skyscraper in Sweden. The tower reaches a height of 190 metres (623 feet) with 54 stories. The vision of HSB Turning Torso is based on a sculpture called Twisting Torso. The sculpture is a white marble piece based on the form of a twisting human being, In the original sculpture of Turning Torso, seven cubes are set around a steel support to produce a spiral structure, which resembles a twisting human spine

 HSB (the company that owns the house) has been criticized for building such an expensive house. Designed as a symbol for the ecofriendlySwedish city, the tower is made from concrete, steel, glass, and recyclable aluminum.

His building is very expensive and it has been criticized for that.