REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL AGGREGATE BY RECYCLED AGGREGRATE

ABSTRACT

In India very few attempts have been made to use Recycled aggregate on large scale Due to modernization and reconstruction there are large amount of demolition wastes in land fills which is a great threat to environment. Demolished waste with substitution of natural aggregate provides a solution for construction waste generated. This paper presents an experimental investigation to show that the demolition waste can be successfully used as Recycled aggregates provided adequate measures are taken for proper mix design and field control.

OBJECTIVES

Our main objective is to Reduce and Reuse the demolished waste material by replacement of natural aggregate and compare the cost between them.

COMPARISON OF CAC AND RAC

Economic. The compressive strength high. Higher porosity leads to a higher absorption. Specific gravity is low. The impact value and abrasion losses are more. Slump value of the RAC is low.

CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION WASTES IN LAND FILL

CONVENTIONAL AGGREGATE CONCRETE Cement Fine aggregate Water Coarse aggregate RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE Cement Fine aggregate Recycled aggregate Water

TESTS TO BE CONDUCTED

Fine aggregate Sieve analysis Specific gravity Water absorption Coarse aggregate Sieve analysis Specific gravity Water absorption Impact test Recycled aggregate Sieve analysis Specific gravity Water absorption Impact test

TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE

SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sieve analysis is conducted to determine the particle size distribution in a sample of aggregate which we call as gradation. Aggregate fraction from 4.75mm to 90 are termed as fine aggregate. In our test we got a Fineness Modulus of 2.30 which is in zone III.

Fine Aggregate
Sieve size in mm 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.60 0.30 0.09 pan % passing 93 92 79 68 21 07 00

Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate D10 = 0.61 D60 = 1.40 100 90 80 Per70 cen60 tag 50 e 40 pas sin 30 g 20 10 0.001

D10 /D60 = 2.30

0.01

0.1

10

100

I.S Sieve Number or Size

PROPERTIES OF AGGREGATES
Conventional aggregate 2.74 18.75 1.25 Recycled aggregate 2.23 28.35 6.55 Fine aggregate 2.84 1.3

S.no 1 2 3

Properties Specific gravity Impact value (%) Water absorption (%)

SIEVE ANALYSIS-RESULT
Recycled Aggregate Sieve size in mm % passing Coarse Aggregate Sieve size in mm % passing

40
20 16 12.5 10 4.75 Pan

100
64 30.10 20.28 15.34 10 00

40
20 16 12.5 10 4.75 Pan

100
62 26.20 18.45 12.32 01.25 00

Comparison of Conventional Aggregate with Recycled Aggregate

C.A D10 = 14 D60 = 19 100 90 80 Per70 cen 60 tag e 50 pas40 sin 30 g 20 10 0.001 R.A.

D10 /D60 = 1.36

0.01

0.1 I.S Sieve Number or Size

10

100

Slump value of Conventional Aggregate Concrete

Sl No Weight of cement(K g) 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 Water cement ratio 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 Volume of water added in ml 965 1061.50 1158 1254.50 1351 Slump in mm 0 30 120 160 170

1 2 3 4 5

Slump Value of CAC

Conventional Aggregate Concrete
C.A.C 200

Slump in mm

150 100 50 0 0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

Water / cement ratio

Slump value of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

Sl No Weight of cement(K g) 1.93 1.93 Water cement ratio 0.50 0.55 Volume of water added in ml 965 1061.50 Slump in mm 0 5

1 2

3
4

1.93
1.93

0.60
0.65

1158
1254.50

50
62

5
6

1.93
1.93

0.70
0.75

1351
1447.50

85
130

Slump value of Recycled aggregate concrete with Superplastiziser

Sl No

Weight of cement(K g)
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Water cement ratio

0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70

Volume of water added in ml 600 660 720 780 840

Slump in mm

1 2 3 4 5

15 90 120 170 210

Comparison of slump value between RAC and RAC with Super plasticizer
Comparison Between RAC and RAC(SP)
R.A.C R.A.C. (SP)

Slump in mm

250 200 150 100 50 0 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75

Water/Cement ratio

MIX DESIGN

INDIAN STANDARD RECOMMENDED METHOD

DOE METHOD BIS recommended a set of procedure for design of concrete mix. It is mainly based on the work done in national laboratories. The mix design procedure are in IS 10262-82. We got low slump for RAC. So we could not use the IS code method as it lead to harsh mixes with low slump. Therefore further test were done with Building Research Establishment of Department of Environment (DOE) methods.

MIX DESIGN

DOE METHOD
DOE method was first published in 1975 and then revised in 1988. Building Research Establishment of Department of Environment (DOE) methods. This method was evolved in the U.K. This method is applicable to concrete for most purposes including roads. A ratio of 1:2.12:3.18 was obtained for a W/C ratio of 0.6

Final mix proportion

Mix Ratio

2.35

3.42

0.65

Sl . No

Type of aggregat e

Proportion by weight Cement content Fine aggr egat e cont ent 2.06 2.12 Coarse aggreg ate content

Water cement ratio

Admixtures dosage %

1 2

Conventi onal Recycled

1 1

3.12 3.18

.60 .60

0 2

TEST ON HARDENED CONCRETE ( COMPRESSIVE TEST)

Compressive strength in N/mm2 Concrete Water cement ratio

7-d
0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 15.40 14.63 13.62 11.93

28-d
27.12 26.23 23.40 21.82

CONVENTIONAL AGGREGATE CONCRETE

RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70

13.24 15.82 15.21 13.40

25.12 28.54 25.22 24.25

Comparison of Compressive Strength

Comparison of Compressive Strength
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 0.55

Compressive Strength in N/mm.sq

C.A.C R.A.C

0.6

0.65 Water/Cement ratio

0.7

0.75

TEST ON HARDENED CONCRETE (SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST)

Concrete Water cement ratio 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 Split tensile strength in N/mm2 28-d 2.52 2.43 2.13 1.95 2.19 2.64 2.30 2.26

Conventional Aggregate concrete Recycled Aggregate concrete

Comparison of Split Tensile Strength

Comparison of Split Tensile Strength
Split Tensile Strength in N/mm.sq
2.78 2.68 2.58 2.48 2.38 2.28 2.18 2.08 1.98 1.88 0.55

C.A.C R.A.C

0.6

0.65 Water/Cement ratio

0.7

0.75

OBSERVED RESULTS OF EXPIREMENTAL PROGRAMME

CONVENTIONAL AGGREGATE CONCRETE S.No Days Compressive strength in N/mm2 w/c ratio Compressive strength in N/mm2 w/c ratio RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

1 2

7 28

17.65 26.43

0.60 0.60

17.24 28.91

0.60 0.60

COST IMPLEMENTATION
S.No Item Description Quantity (as indicated item wise) CAC 1 2 20 mm size coarse aggregate Sand 0.42m3 0.42m3 RAC 0.42m3 0.42m3 1400/m3 550/m3 Rate, Rs. Amount, Rs. CAC 588 231 RAC Nil 231

3
4

Cement
Labour

0.10
2.1no m Lump su m -

0.10
2.1no m Lump su m 1no 0.4kg

3.65/kg
120/

1095
252p

1095
252

Sundries Labour charge for preparing recycled aggregate Superplasticiser

50

50

50

6 7

260 120/kg

260 48

* Per m^3

Total amount

2216* 1936*

ADVANTAGES

Reducing natural aggregate usage. Potentially reducing transport impacts. Conserving landfill capacity. Economic

Applications of RAC

Structural concrete work. Road construction. Concrete pavements, shoulders, median barriers, sidewalks, kerbs and gutters, and bridge foundations. Structural grade concrete. Soil-cement pavement bases. Bituminous concrete. Base or fill for drainage structures.

CONCLUSION

The experimental investigation clearly shows that RAC can be used for structural concrete work. Economy can be achieved about Rs.280/m3 with the use of RAC. Demolition waste possesses relatively low bulk density, higher water absorption and low workability. Water demand is more for RAC. By use DOE method of mix proportioning and suitable Superplasticiser could achieve desired workability.

REFERENCES

Hansen T.C. (ed.), Recycling of Demolished Concrete and Masonry,

Hansen T.C. and Narud H., Strength of Recycled Concrete Made from Crushed Concrete Coarse Aggregate Hong Kong SAR Government, Buildings Department, Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete Hansen T.C. and Narud H., Strength of Recycled Concrete Made from Crushed Concrete Coarse

Aggregate

REFERENCES

A textbook of Concrete Technology by, M .S. Shetty.

Ikeda T., Yamane S. and Sakamoto A., Strengths of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate Indian standard code of recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, IS 10262, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

Ahmad S.H., Fisher D. and Sackett K. - Concrete Made From Recycled Aggregate

THANK U