TOOLS

FOR

Geometry

PAPER
Size of papers normally used A0 = 841 mm x 1189 mm A1 = 594 mm x 841 mm A2 = 420 mm x 594 mm A3 = 297 mm x 420 mm A4 = 210 mm x 297 mm

DRAFTING BOARD

Drafting Machine

DRAFTING BOARD
a) Traditional drafting board is made of soft wood where the drawing paper can be attached on it. b) The left side at the end of the board is called working edge. c) The working edge is made of a hard wood so that the T-Square can easily being put on it. d) Modern board is user friendly where it has a stand that can be modify its height.

T SQUARE

T-Square
a) b) c) d) Made of plastic To draw horizontal lines Used to hold triangles for vertical lines The characteristic of T-Square are A straight working edge A long and smooth blade The joint is 90 / tangent e) The edge of the blade is made of thick plastic which is transparent

so that the T-Square, wont dirty the drawing paper and can be seen through it the line that been drawn.
e) The usage of T-Square is as follows: To straighten the paper on the board To draw straight line (vertical / horizontal) It function as base for the set square which being used to draw line

SET SQUARE 30, 60, 45

PROTRACTOR

SCALE

PROTRACTOR
a) Tool to measure the angle and mark the angle b) Made of plastic c) Shape is a circle and semi circle

INSTRUMENT SET

COMPASS

COMPASS
a) One of the important tools inside instrument set
a) Function of compass To draw circle To draw curve

ADJUSTABLE COMPASS

BEAM COMPASS

BEAM COMPASS
To draw circle and big curve which cant be drawn using normal compass

DROP SPRING BOW COMPASS

DROP SPRING BOW COMPASS

To draw a very small circle and curve

DIVIDER

ADJUSTABLE DIVIDER

FRENCH CURVE

FRENCH CURVE
a) Made of transparent plastic b) Used to draw curve

SHIELD ERASER

SHIELD ERASER
Used to erase small portions of lines without disturbing other lines

ERASER

WOOD PENCIL

WOOD PENCIL
a) Wooden "Drawing" pencils are specially made to allow for the drawing of lines at different thicknesses or darknesses. b) The "HARDNESS" or "SOFTNESS" of the lead determines the darkness or thickness of the line. c) The hardness of pencil eye is shown on the letter and number on the pencil itself d) Pencil must be sharpened with blade

6B - Very soft for shading and rendering of pictorial views B - Soft for drawing thick "border" lines on title blocks and drawing sheets HB - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching F - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching H - Medium thick lines for freehand sketching or lettering or drawing visible edges and outlines of surfaces 2H - Hard thin lines for drawing hidden lines to show hidden surfaces or interior details 4H Hard thinner lines for drawing center lines and locating centers of circle and arcs or the axis of a cylinder 6H - Hard very thin lines for drawing construction or layout lines and guide lines for lettering

MECHANIC PENCIL

MECHANIC PENCIL
"Lead Holders" are an improvement over wooden pencils as the different leads can be used and finer points can be obtained. Standard leads are 2 mm in diameter. Fine line leads are available in .3, .5, .7 and .9 mm diameters.

PENCIL
It is divided to 18 grades Its from 7B(very soft) until 9H (very hard) The pencil is made of graphite and clay Hardness of the pencils eye depends on the ratio content of graphite and clay

 7B until 2B
Most mild For cross section line , profile line, title letters Need to be controlled Easy to be erased and can get dirty easily Suitable for sketching drawing

 3H until B For visible line , cross section line , title letter Need to be controlled Easy to erase Produce satisfying notes Suitable for sketching drawing and technical drawing

 4H until 9H The hardest Not suitable for technical drawing The usage of it should be avoided because the line less clear and difficult to be erased Doesnt produce satisfying output