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1. Temperature: The water should not possess any adverse temperatures (neither too hot nor too cold). Temperature should range between 15 C and 25 C.
2. Turbidity: Turbidity is the light passing factor of water. It depends on the amount of suspended impurities in water. If turbidity is less, the water is clean from suspended particles. Upto 5 units of turbidity is allowed in potable water.
Intake Structure: To
draw water safely from the river.
Aeration Chamber
Sedimentation
Clariflocculator: Consists of a
Flocculator and Clarifier. A Clarifier is used for sedimentation, removal of turbidity etc. The outer portion of the clariflocculator is a clarifier and inner part is a flocculator.
Groundwater contains the following impurities: TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) Fe2+ Hardness Arsenic or Fluoride Chloride
Spray Aeration
Cascade Aeration
Coarse MnO2 lumps are used to fasten aeration. Sometimes even activated silica is used. CO2 is also converted to CO3-. Aeration units treat dissolved gases, iron and manganese. Natural Aeration Oxidation occurs in aeration units. Ferrous (Fe2+ ) and manganous (Mn2+ ) present in the water are oxidised to ferric (Fe3+ ) and manganic (Mn3+ ).