Agriculture

Cash Crops

Pollution

Low Utilization Of Natural Resources

Geographical Shifts

Industrialization

Low Foreign Direct Investment

Low Level Of Technology

Increase Cost Of Production

Limited Resources

Lack Of Skilled Labor

Business Cycle

Over Investments

Artificial Boom

Low Savings

Low Investment

Business Law

Law Implementation

Law / Order

Unemployment

Labor Market Issues

Child Labor

Low Per Capital Income

Low Standard Of Living

Gender Discrimination

Poverty

Population

Inflation

Black Money

Corruption

Brain Drain

Capital Flight

Health

Education

Political Instability

Terrorism

Security

Strategic Location of Pakistan

Religious Parties

Power Shortage

Power Crisis

Smuggling

Accountability

Documentation

Lack Of Professional Ethics

Natural Disasters

Planning/Development

Red Tapism

Economic Stability

Think Tanks

Devaluation

Balance Of Trade

OPEC

Foreign Dependency

International Trade Policy

Low GDP

Role Of SBP

Monetary Policy

Loan Defaulter

Micro Finance

High Interest Rates

Stock Market

Gold Prices

Money Laundering

Fiscal Policy

Role Of FBR

Tax Collection System

Tax Evasion

Increase Defense Expenditure

Debt Services

Deficit Financing

Income Policy

Price Policy

International Trade Policy

Research and development

Quality

Unexplored Export Opportunities

WTO s

Value Added

GDP
GDP is the money value of final goods and services produced within a country during one fiscal year.

GNP = GDP Remittances NDP = GDP - Depreciation NNP = GDP Remittances - Depreciation

Inflation
A consistent increase in prices ,too much money chases too few goods Types of Inflation Demand pull inflation Cost push inflation Degree of inflation Moderate inflation Galloping inflation Hyper inflation

Employment
People able to work and interested to work are working. Types of unemployment Disguised unemployment Seasonal unemployment Cyclical unemployment Structural unemployment

Reasons Impacts

Balance Of Trade BOT

Exports Out flow of goods and inflow of foreign currency. Imports Inflow of goods and out flow of foreign currency. Major export of Pakistan Major Import of Pakistan Major trading partner of Pakistan Role of WTO Reasons Impact

Fiscal Policy
It is budgeting policy which tries to bring in fiscal stability through taxes and government expenditures Tools Taxes Govt. expenditures

Monetary Policy
It is the policy of money for economic growth and stability
Tools i LRR OMO

Income Policy
Government tries to achieve economic objective through variation in minimum wage rate

Price policy
Fixation of minimum and maximum prices to control inflation and encourage investment

Price Index
CPI PPI SPI Reasons Impacts

International Trade Policy

Policy of export and import to control inflation and to boost local industry with the help of tariff and trade techniques